Articles tagged with Drug Studies
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Scientists at Scripps Research Institute found that drastically reducing VEGF activity in the retina can cause severe vision loss. Deleting the VEGF gene from adult mice revealed its crucial function in maintaining retinal health. Further studies are necessary to determine the effects of anti-VEGF drugs on patients.
A new study has identified a genetic marker for the placebo response in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) patients, which could influence patient care and clinical trial design. The findings suggest that individuals with a specific genotype have a higher response to placebos when treated by a warm, supportive healthcare provider.
Researchers found that tricyclic antidepressants may help manage abdominal pain and diarrhea in patients with IBD, while mesalamine granules improved symptoms in those with IBS-D. This study suggests a possible link between GI tract inflammation and IBS symptoms.
Researchers presented new insights on esophageal cancer prevention with statins, which showed a 30% reduction in incidence. Additionally, mortality rates from upper gastrointestinal bleeding decreased by 45%, while novel treatments for GERD and IBS were introduced, including electrical stimulation of the esophagus.
A new electrical stimulation treatment has shown promising results in resolving gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms. The treatment involves implanting a device that uses low-energy electrical pulses to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter, which can help prevent acid reflux.
Two studies explored racial disparities in IBD symptoms and therapy, finding that African Americans are more likely to have extra-intestinal manifestations, joint symptoms, and pyoderma gangrenosum. Researchers also reported a higher prevalence of severe fistulizing perianal Crohn's disease among African Americans compared to Caucasians.
Research at IDWeek 2012 reveals high rates of HIV medication errors in hospitalized patients, but studies suggest that combining electronic records with clinical education can significantly decrease errors. Hospitals are implementing quality improvement measures to address the issue.
A study found that linezolid, an antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections, proved largely effective in treating extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) when added to ongoing treatment regimens. However, 82% of patients experienced significant adverse events that may have been related to the drug.
The University of Cincinnati will conduct a clinical trial studying the immunosuppressant tacrolimus against two generic manufacturers in liver and kidney transplant patients. The study aims to address concerns over the quality, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy of generic drugs compared to brand-name products.
A new study published by the Wellcome Trust found that children with ADHD perceive medication as improving their ability to make moral choices. The study also highlights the need for better informed children to discuss their condition with trusted professionals.
A new 90-day intravaginal ring delivers steady doses of antiretroviral drug tenofovir to prevent HIV transmission in women, promising improved adherence and cost-effectiveness.
Nearly half of patients with chronic conditions don't follow prescribed medication regimens, increasing risk of side effects, hospitalizations, and reduced quality of life. Patients' beliefs about the causes of high blood pressure and treatment alternatives significantly affect their adherence to medications.
Researchers identified a new drug target for epilepsy in human brain tissue, which also shows promise for treating behavioral disorders. The study found that specific brain layers are activated during seizures and linked to increased synapses, leading to abnormal neuronal synchrony.
A Phase II intra-arterial stem cell trial has demonstrated the safety of a regenerative therapy in patients with ischemic stroke. The ALD-401 therapy uses patient-derived bone marrow stem cells to promote brain repair after stroke.
The NIH-sponsored workshop recommends that preclinical animal studies be reported with more detail, including randomization and data handling, to improve replicability and interpretation. This aims to funnel promising therapies to patients more efficiently.
Dr. Bowen Chung is conducting two studies to improve mental health care for troubled youths and adolescents, focusing on family therapy and resiliency classes. The first study will test the effectiveness of family-focused therapy in improving treatment outcomes for psychotic and bipolar adolescents.
A Canadian research team led by Dr. Michael Hill has successfully conducted the world's first clinical trial to protect the brain from stroke damage using a neuroprotectant drug, NA-1. The trial showed promising results, reducing brain damage and improving neurological outcomes in patients who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair.
A new study suggests that NA-1, a neuroprotective agent, may reduce brain lesions and damage after stroke surgery. The research found significantly fewer lesions in patients who received the drug compared to those who received a saline control, although there was no difference in volume of lesions recorded.
Researchers discovered that combining conventional antifungal medications with natural plant compounds, such as thymol, can inhibit the growth of fungi at lower doses. This could lead to more effective treatments for fungal infections, potentially even reducing economic losses from contaminated crops.
A new study comparing oral medication and Botox injections for treating urge urinary incontinence in women found that both treatments were effective in reducing symptoms, but with varying side effects. The study, which involved nearly 250 women, showed that Botox was more likely to completely eliminate urinary leakage, while oral medic...
Researchers found Botox injections to be equally effective to oral medication in treating urinary urgency incontinence, with a higher proportion of complete resolution. The study also showed improved quality of life without significant differences.
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that the generic drug mexiletine alleviates symptoms of nondystrophic myotonia, a rare muscle disease. Participants reported significant improvements in stiffness, pain, and everyday quality of life, with stiffness reduced by at least 40%.
Scientists have discovered a promising approach to combatting Alzheimer's disease by countering neuroinflammation. A new compound has shown efficacy comparable to an existing medicine in relieving nerve inflammation and improving learning and memory.
Researchers at Penn developed a new mouse model of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a debilitating lung disease, that replicates the pathologic features of human disease. The study suggests that two readily available drugs, an antibiotic and a statin, may help treat and reverse symptoms.
A study found that mexiletine improved patient-reported stiffness and symptoms of myotonia in patients with nondystrophic myotonias, a rare genetic disorder. The medication was associated with significant improvements in quality of life scales and quantitative measures of myotonia.
A study published in Pediatrics found that children are underrepresented in clinical trials, with fewer than 5% of trials enrolling kids under 18. This lack of representation can lead to a shortage of data on pediatric therapies and dosages, affecting treatment decisions.
Phase III trials have reported promising results for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, with pazopanib and temsirolimus emerging as effective options. Pazopanib was shown to be non-inferior to sunitinib in controlling metastatic renal cell carcinoma, resulting in fewer troublesome side effects and improved quality of life.
A recent study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine found that patients who had access to notes written by their doctors felt more in control of their care and reported better understanding of their medical issues. The majority of doctors also reported enhanced trust, transparency, and communication with their patients.
A large-scale trial has successfully tested whole-genome cancer testing to identify targeted therapies for patients with metastatic breast cancer. The study found that around 20% of patients had rare and unexpected genomic alterations, highlighting the need for whole-genome approaches.
Several new first-in-human studies for drugs targeting a range of cancers have shown promising results, including the development of MEK-, MET- and HSP90 inhibitors as well as immunotherapeutic strategies. Studies have demonstrated significant activity in ALK-positive lung cancer resistant to crizotinib and other targeted therapies.
A phase III trial shows that crizotinib is more effective than standard chemotherapy in response rates and progression-free survival, with improved quality of life. The study compared 347 patients with previously treated ALK-positive lung cancer and found significant benefits for those on the crizotinib arm.
A new study suggests that not enough women with breast cancer are being offered the chance to undergo treatments that may conserve their breasts. Despite high response rates to neoadjuvant therapy, only around 40% of patients receive breast-conserving surgery. The studies call for a clear consensus on the role of breast conserving surg...
A post-hoc analysis of the phase III MISSION trial suggests that patients with EGFR-mutant tumors may benefit from sorafenib, which showed improved progression-free survival and disease control rates. In contrast, median overall survival was similar between treatment groups.
Phase III data show gefitinib improves quality-of-life measures and extends progression-free survival in esophageal cancer. The COG study included 450 patients who had progressed after first line chemotherapy and received either placebo or the EGFR-inhibitor gefitinib.
A new study found that cherry consumption lowered gout attack risk by 35% compared to non-consumers, while combined with allopurinol it decreased risk by 75%. The findings suggest cherries may be a preventive option for patients with gout.
Autism Speaks has awarded nearly $5 million in research grants to support various studies on autism, including the effects of pregnancy medications on future generations. These grants will fund projects that aim to identify biomarkers for response to autism medications, develop new interventions, and expand food choices for picky eater...
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Virology found that exposure to school-age children raises the odds that a person with lung disease will suffer symptoms from a cold. The study analyzed 1,000 samples of bodily fluids and found that people whose infections turned symptomatic were twice as likely to have contact with school-a...
A 5-year, $134 million grant from the National Institute of Health will support a clinical trial examining four glucose-lowering medications for type 2 diabetes treatment. The study aims to determine which therapy most effectively and safely reaches and maintains near normal levels of blood glucose.
A Tel Aviv University researcher is using fruit flies to study the functioning of neurons and potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease. By genetically modifying flies to express a protein linked to human Alzheimer's, she hopes to unlock its function and develop new therapies.
A study of Medicare data found wide variation in antibiotic prescribing for older adults based on region and season, with the South having the highest use and West the lowest. The study highlights the need for targeted quality improvement initiatives to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center found that there is insufficient evidence to support medical interventions in adolescents and young adults with autism. Key findings include the potential benefits of antipsychotic medications in reducing problem behaviors, but limited effectiveness for vocational interventions.
A clinical trial has begun to evaluate DEX-M74 as a treatment for hereditary inclusion body myopathy, a rare degenerative muscle disease. The study aims to assess the safety and effectiveness of DEX-M74 in patients with progressive muscle weakness.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that pharmaceutical industry sponsorship can downgrade physicians' perceptions of trial rigor and results. The study suggests that funding source should not be a determinant of a trial's impact, but rather its methodological rigor.
A new study uses genetically-engineered mouse models to compare the delivery of carboplatin to melanoma tumors, finding that these models best predict human response. The research aims to improve laboratory models for cancer drug development and accelerate new therapies from lab to patient.
A clinical trial found that arbaclofen improved symptoms of social withdrawal and challenging behaviors in individuals with fragile X syndrome. The study suggests the compound may also be effective for autism spectrum disorder, offering new hope for treatment options.
Researchers found a medication to be effective in addressing social withdrawal and challenging behaviors in fragile X syndrome patients. The study suggests potential implications for individuals with autism spectrum disorder, who also experience significant social deficits.
A large analysis of over 100,000 participants found that statins have a very small effect on preventing venous thromboembolic events. The study suggests that high-dose and low-dose statins have no effect on blood clots.
A phase 3 trial confirms abiraterone acetate's efficacy in extending average survival time to 15.8 months for castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. The treatment, which blocks testosterone production, also has a good safety profile.
Researchers found thalidomide significantly reduced the cough and improved quality of life for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The constant cough caused by IPF can have wide-ranging effects on patients' lives, affecting daily activities and social gatherings.
Researchers found that taking Truvada daily leads to a 99% reduction in HIV infection risk and that participants need to take the medication at least 4 days per week to achieve a 90% risk reduction. The study focused on men who have sex with men, as the findings may not be applicable to other populations.
Two new studies have identified novel genes and patterns of mutations involved in lung cancer, with significant differences found between smokers and non-smokers. These findings could lead to targeted therapies to improve survival rates and outcomes for lung cancer patients.
A recent study found that frequent use of ibuprofen and acetaminophen is associated with an increased risk of hearing loss in women. The study, published in the American Journal of Epidemiology, suggests that these pain-relieving medicines may reduce blood flow to the cochlea or deplete factors that protect it from damage.
A recent study published in Science Translational Medicine has reaffirmed the effectiveness of Truvada in preventing HIV transmission, finding that patients can reap benefits even with lower adherence to daily regimens. The research suggests that alternative dosing strategies could be explored to optimize efficacy and convenience.
Researchers at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine create comic to highlight life-saving benefits of tranexamic acid (TXA) for trauma patients. The comic aims to appeal to doctors, nurses, and paramedics on the front-line of medicine, promoting awareness about the latest research findings.
The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends against annual screening for ovarian cancer in asymptomatic women due to potential harms. Reduced out-of-pocket expenses can improve medication adherence for chronic conditions, with case management and patient education showing strong evidence.
A new study shows that integrating on-site rapid HIV testing into drug treatment programs is cost-effective, with a beneficial cost-effectiveness ratio of $60,300 per QALY. This approach provides better value than off-site referral and can help identify more people infected with HIV.
The public favors treating patients with serious conditions, including cancer, if it reduces burden on carers or offers substantial health benefits. However, the majority oppose a ring-fenced budget for cancer drugs, which would prioritize cancer treatments over other equally serious conditions.
A five-year randomized controlled trial of 2854 elderly patients found no significant difference between ginkgo biloba extract and placebo in preventing Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. No significant difference was also observed in mortality or stroke rates between the groups. The results confirm previous findings from a US-based study.
A new study reveals that parental issues and chaotic home environments are preventing children from taking their prescribed asthma medication. The research found that factors such as family life, parenting problems, financial issues, and lack of parental support are contributing to low adherence rates.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that children taking inhaled steroid drugs for asthma are slightly shorter at their full adult height compared to those who don't use the medication. The study followed over 1,000 children aged 5-12 and found a mean difference of about half an inch in adult height.