Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation has awarded $1.5M in NARSAD Distinguished Investigator Grants to 15 researchers studying depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism, and anxiety disorders. The grants will support innovative research ideas with the potential to transform mental illness treatment and prevention.
Researchers have gained additional insights into an HIV vaccine that help explain its successes and failures, providing new options for vaccine designers to strengthen the drug. The study found that the vaccine-induced antibodies recognized virus-infected cells and flagged them for an attack by other immune cells.
A study analyzing national survey data found a biomarker for higher risk of heart and kidney disease in children and adolescents associated with BPA exposure. The study suggests that even low levels of BPA increase oxidative stress and inflammation, promoting protein leakage into the urine.
A recent study found that a third of trials with no statistically significant benefit reported on secondary outcomes to influence results. Two-thirds of trials with serious side-effects under-reported them, particularly when the treatment showed a positive outcome. The authors call for improved reporting guidelines.
A new scoring system developed by researchers identifies independent risk factors associated with gastrointestinal bleeding in non-ICU hospital patients. The system enables clinicians to selectively use acid-suppressive medications when needed, saving costs and avoiding side effects.
A study found that beta blocker medications reduced brain abnormalities associated with Alzheimer's disease and microinfarcts in elderly Japanese-American men. The results suggest that beta blockers may delay or prevent dementia in people with high blood pressure, particularly those taking the medication alone.
A new study has developed a risk scoring system to identify hospitalized patients at high risk of gastrointestinal bleeds, allowing for targeted use of acid-suppressive medication. The study found that older adults, males, and those with liver disease or clotting disorders are most at risk, enabling clinicians to individualize treatment.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects heart muscle thickness and can lead to arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Stanford researchers used stem cells to study the molecular basis of the condition, finding that calcium processing is a key factor in its development.
A recent study by UCSF researchers found that patients who receive high-quality communication from their doctors are more likely to fill their prescriptions. The study of 9,377 patients showed that effective communication leads to better medication adherence rates, with a 4-6% lower rate for those who felt heard and trusted.
Researchers found an association between elevated levels of C-reactive protein and increased risk of psychological distress and depression in a large Danish population. Elevated CRP levels were also linked to higher rates of antidepressant use and hospitalization with depression.
A brain imaging study found that THC, the psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, reduces the emotional reaction to pain but does not reduce the intensity of pain. The study suggests that individual responses to cannabis-based pain relief may vary greatly.
A new UCLA study assesses the prevalence of various study partner types in Alzheimer's clinical trials, finding that non-spouse partners can impact trial results and interpretations. The study also highlights disparities in recruitment among minority groups.
Cognitive enhancement medications, used to treat attention deficit disorder (ADD), may not be suitable for healthy individuals due to limited evidence and potential risks. Physicians in Canada are advised to prioritize their professional integrity and limit healthcare resources by refusing prescription requests.
A new study suggests that maraviroc, an HIV treatment drug, could be effective in treating Staphylococcus aureus infections. The discovery was made through a serendipitous finding and further confirmed using mouse models, showing that blocking CCR5 receptor can help control the infection.
A fast-growing flesh-eating fungus, Apophysomyces, killed five people after a massive tornado devastated Joplin, Missouri. The fungus, usually harmless, can cause severe infections if not treated immediately, leading to rapid tissue destruction and organ failure.
A Regenstrief Institute study found that over two-thirds of generic drugs have differing safety-warning labels from brand-name equivalents. The majority of discrepancies were small, but nine percent showed significant differences in side effects.
Researchers at UCLA have found a powerful boost to therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy by combining a proven FDA-approved medication, dantrolene, with existing treatments. This combination aims to restore normal muscle function and improve the lives of those affected by the disease.
A recent review of cannabis extract, Sativex, found limited trial data and a lack of comparison to other treatments, casting doubt on its effectiveness for managing multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms. The review also highlighted the high cost of Sativex compared to other MS medications.
A clinical trial led by researchers at Case Western Reserve University will enroll 75 men and women with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis to test the investigational TB drug AZD5847. The study aims to determine whether the drug reduces TB bacteria counts in participants, with a focus on patients co-infected with HIV.
A Phase 2a trial is being conducted to assess the effectiveness of AZD5847, a new test drug for patients with tuberculosis, including those with HIV co-infection. The study aims to improve treatment options for TB, a leading infectious cause of death among people with HIV/AIDS.
Studies funded by industry report more favorable results and outcomes compared to non-industry sponsored trials. The systematic review found that papers describing industry-sponsored studies presented more favorable overall conclusions, with increased benefits and fewer harmful side effects.
Elderly consumers use shopping, meal preparation, and caregiving to assert their identity and resist being labeled old. They employ various strategies, including joint activities and covert exclusion of younger caregivers, to challenge perceived stereotypes.
A study published in Biological Psychiatry found that a medication called naltrexone can help women who quit smoking keep their weight off. The drug reduced weight gain in women by more than half, compared to those who took a placebo, and improved their overall success rate.
A new class of drugs has been shown to reduce the risk of graft-vs.-host disease, a deadly side effect of lifesaving bone marrow transplants, by half. The study used vorinostat, a cancer drug with anti-inflammatory effects, and found it safe and tolerable for patients undergoing reduced-intensity bone marrow transplants.
A clinical trial has shown robust vaccine-specific antibody responses and strong T cell immune responses in patients vaccinated with a WT1 DNA vaccine. The vaccine is also safe and well-tolerated, paving the way for further trials in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients.
A new study published in Arthritis Research & Therapy shows lenalidomide to be a safe and effective alternative treatment for refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus, with significant clinical improvement in most patients. The treatment's efficacy is comparable to thalidomide but with lower toxicity.
GLYX-13 produced statistically significant reductions in depression scores within 24 hours and persisted for an average of seven days. The effect size observed was nearly double the effect size seen with most other antidepressant drugs after 4-6 weeks of repeated dosing.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have successfully implanted a pacemaker-like device in the brain of an Alzheimer's disease patient, marking the first such operation in the US. The device aims to boost memory and reverse cognitive decline by providing deep brain stimulation.
The adult antiviral drug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir DF) has been found to be safe and effective in treating adolescents with hepatitis B virus (HBV), with a virologic response rate of 89% in pediatric participants. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence on the management of chronic HBV in children and teens.
Researchers found that continuing tamoxifen treatment beyond 5 years further reduced breast cancer recurrence and mortality rates. The additional benefits took some years to emerge, with risks of recurrence decreasing from 21.4% at year 15 in those who continued treatment compared to 25.1% in controls.
A Mayo Clinic-led study found that patients with ovarian cancer who took metformin for their diabetes had a better survival rate than those who did not take the medication. After five years, 67% of metformin-takers were still alive compared to 47% of non-takers.
Researchers found that ovarian cancer patients who took metformin lived significantly longer than those who did not, with a 3.7 times increased survival rate after accounting for other factors. The study suggests metformin may be considered for prevention or treatment of ovarian cancer.
Studies by University of Missouri psychologists found that individuals with 'urgency' personality tend to drive after drinking due to impulsivity. Reducing travel wait times for taxis and public transit could provide a safe alternative, helping to lower DWI rates.
Researchers found that GM1 ganglioside improved symptoms and slowed disease progression in patients with Parkinson's disease over a 2.5-year period. The study enrolled 77 subjects and followed them for 120 weeks, with significant benefits observed when participants stopped taking the drug.
The Belatacept Early Steroid withdrawal Trial (BEST) seeks to determine if a belatacept-based regimen can prevent organ rejection in post-transplant patients. Led by the University of Cincinnati, the trial will enroll 315 new kidney transplant patients and evaluate the safety and efficacy of steroid-free immunosuppression.
A study published in the European Heart Journal found that digoxin is associated with a significant increase in deaths in patients with atrial fibrillation. High levels of digoxin in the blood have been correlated with an increased death rate in these patients.
A study of four commonly prescribed antipsychotics in older adults with psychosis or dementia found that these medications lack safety and effectiveness. The study suggests that off-label use should be short-term and undertaken with caution, emphasizing the need for alternative treatments.
A Kaiser Permanente study of 5,216 patients found that those who received automated reminders were 1.6 times more likely to fill prescriptions for cholesterol-lowering statins than those without reminders. The percentage of patients who picked up their prescriptions increased from 26% to 42% after the intervention.
A recent study of over 25,000 individuals with ADHD found that criminal behavior dropped sharply during periods of medication use. The study showed a significant 32% risk reduction for medicated individuals compared to those not taking medication.
Researchers at the University of Liverpool are leading a £1.5 million project to trial `immunoglobulin' in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The study aims to explore the potential benefits of this new treatment approach for people with severe chronic pain.
Regorafenib has shown significant promise in treating bowel cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) after standard treatments fail. Patients receiving regorafenib experienced improved overall survival rates and delayed progression compared to placebo.
A study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that 1.5% of discontinued medications are refilled by pharmacies, causing potential harm in 12% of cases. The researchers highlight the need for improved communication between providers and pharmacies to reconcile medication lists.
Researchers found that e-visit patients were more likely to receive antibiotics and less likely to have relevant testing ordered by their physicians before receiving medication. Despite this, the study suggests that e-visits can improve access to care and convenience for patients without compromising quality.
A tiny medical device no larger than an eyelash significantly reduces eye pressure in glaucoma patients, with 100% of participants experiencing reduced IOP. The device may allow some patients to stop using eye drop medications, offering a promising alternative treatment for this common disease.
Researchers at Radboud University Medical Center have developed an injectable formulation of malaria parasites that can achieve controlled infection in human volunteers. The breakthrough could make it easier to evaluate new drugs and vaccines, as well as potentially become a vaccine itself.
Two studies estimate the cost of delivering HPV vaccines to girls in Tanzania, finding costs substantially higher than existing infant immunization schedules. However, integration with existing health systems may improve affordability and effectiveness of HPV vaccination programs, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
A new study found that adding Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin to chemotherapy treatment improved the effectiveness of cancer treatment without increasing side effects in older AML patients. The results show a 22% lower risk of relapse and a 13% lower mortality rate compared to standard treatment.
Researchers at George Mason University are conducting three trials to target breast cancer using a malarial drug called chloroquine. The trials aim to prevent the development of breast cancer in its early stages, reducing the risk of invasive cancer.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania developed a new medicine to treat patients suffering from homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, a rare and deadly cholesterol disorder. Lomitapide substantially reduced LDL cholesterol in patients by up to 50% and improved therapeutic goals for some patients.
A Johns Hopkins study found that sticking to a medication regimen reduces debilitating delusions and hallucinations in individuals with schizophrenia. Regular visits to a mental health professional also increase survival rates, suggesting that adhering to treatment plans can improve life expectancy for those affected by the illness.
A monoclonal antibody called alemtuzumab shows promise in reducing MS disease activity, with nearly half as many relapses as a common current treatment. The drug also appears to improve disability outlook, particularly in refractory patients who have not responded to previous treatments.
A new MS drug, alemtuzumab, has been shown to significantly reduce the number of attacks and disease activity in patients who have already failed to respond to other treatments. The study also found that alemtuzumab improved disability outcomes, with most patients experiencing an improvement in their condition.
A 12-week clinical study found that nabilone significantly reduces pain and improves sleep in patients with diabetic neuropathy, with few side effects. The medication, a synthetic cannabinoid, has been used to treat nausea in chemotherapy patients and is now being considered for treating neuropathy pain in diabetics.
In a study of patients over 80, drug-eluting stents demonstrated lower rates of target vessel revascularization and myocardial infarction compared to bare-metal stents. The XIMA trial found that both types of stents offered good clinical results in this age group.
A large-scale clinical trial found that PFO closure using the Amplatzer PFO Occluder reduces recurrent ischemic strokes compared to standard medical therapy. The study enrolled 980 patients with documented cryptogenic embolic strokes and followed them for nearly nine years.
A new study presented at TCT 2012 confirms that intracoronary and intravenous use of abciximab during angioplasty yield similar results for heart damage and reperfusion injury in STEMI patients. The AIDA STEMI MRI sub-study examined various measures of heart damage using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
A Commentary highlights the need for increased neonatal inclusion in pediatric drug trials due to inadequate representation in current studies. The lack of clinical trials on medications used by children, most notably neonates, poses risks to their health and safety.
The ISAR-LEFT MAIN 2 trial presented at TCT 2012 found that second-generation drug-eluting stents are safe and effective for treating left main coronary artery lesions. The study showed similar clinical outcomes between zotarolimus-eluting and everolimus-eluting stents in patients with high-risk lesions.
Researchers identified a distinct patient population that may benefit from prasugrel, a novel anti-platelet therapy, in those triaged to medical therapy following angiography. This subgroup showed lower rates of cardiovascular events and bleeding compared to clopidogrel.
The MASTER trial found that mesh-covered stents demonstrated improved restoration of blood flow compared to bare-metal or drug-eluting stents in heart attack patients undergoing angioplasty. The study showed a higher rate of ST-segment resolution with the new stent.