Articles tagged with Drug Studies
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Researchers developed a realistic computer simulation to predict drug effects and identify why some treatments fail. The model factors in precise doses, prescription adherence, and viral replication to help develop better combination therapies.
Renal artery stent deployment significantly reduces systolic blood pressure in patients with uncontrolled renovascular hypertension. The HERCULES trial found that those with higher blood pressure levels at baseline had the most dramatic reduction.
The Aspirin-clopidogrel trial found that the combination did not offer significant benefits for stroke prevention in patients with lacunar strokes. Instead, it increased the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Meanwhile, overall stroke risk has decreased by more than three-fold over the past decade.
Ischemic stroke risk after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) dropped significantly, from 4.7% in 1998-2000 to 3.8% in 2007-2008, due to improved AMI care. Reperfusion therapy, blood clot dissolving therapy, and statins were found to be independent predictors of reduced stroke risk.
A Swedish registry analysis found a significant decline in ischemic stroke risk after AMI over the past decade. The risk decreased by 21% from 4.7% in 1998-2000 to 3.8% in 2007-2008, likely due to improved care and modernization of coronary care.
A recent study by the European Society of Cardiology has found that women with severe aortic stenosis experience lower mortality rates after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), with a 40% reduced risk compared to men. Despite higher risks of procedural complications, women outperformed men in terms of mortality.
The FAME 2 trial found that FFR-guided PCI plus optimal medical therapy significantly reduced the need for urgent revascularisation and hospital readmission in patients with stable coronary artery disease. The study also showed a lower risk of primary endpoint events, including death and heart attack.
The American College of Physicians (ACP) advises against routine screening for chronic kidney disease in asymptomatic adults due to insufficient evidence supporting its benefits. Commercial screening tests can also inflate healthcare costs and undermine physician efforts to provide cost-conscious care.
A study presented at ESC Congress 2012 found that renal denervation successfully treats patients with resistant hypertension, significantly lowering blood pressure. The procedure resulted in no adverse events or deterioration in renal function, making it a safe and effective treatment option for real-world patient populations.
The IABP-SHOCK II trial randomized 600 patients to receive either an intraaortic balloon pump or conventional optimal medical treatment, but found no reduction in 30-day mortality rates. The study also showed that the IABP did not improve blood pressure, organ perfusion, or reduce treatment time in the intensive care unit.
Renal denervation significantly and sustainably lowers blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension, reducing risk of kidney disease and cardiovascular events. The Symplicity HTN-2 trial demonstrates the procedure's effectiveness in achieving substantial blood pressure reductions for up to 18 months.
A new device that mechanically removes stroke-causing blood clots from the brain has been proven to be highly effective in reopening blocked vessels, with a success rate of 61% compared to 24% for the standard FDA-approved mechanical device. The device also led to better survival rates three months after a stroke.
New devices, such as Solitaire and Trevo, show significant improvements in restoring blood flow and patient outcomes after stroke. These advancements could lead to better treatment options for patients whose traditional drug treatment has failed.
A new study found no significant difference between prasugrel and clopidogrel in preventing death, heart attack, or stroke in ACS patients who do not undergo coronary stenting or bypass surgery. However, prasugrel showed a lower risk of recurrent adverse events after 12 months of treatment.
A systematic review found that approximately one in five elderly prescriptions are inappropriate, with medications like diphenhydramine and propoxyphene being used incorrectly. The study highlights the need for more accurate medication prescribing practices in primary care settings.
A clinical trial launched by the NIH aims to determine whether a commonly used anti-inflammatory drug can reduce rates of heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular deaths in adults at high risk. The study will enroll 7,000 patients across the US and Canada over two years.
Researchers are testing whether lowering inflammation with methotrexate can reduce rates of recurrent heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular death in high-risk patients. The 7,000-patient trial will follow participants for 3-5 years to determine the treatment's effectiveness.
A study found that only 31.1% of moderate-to-severe IBD patients would qualify for biologic trial participation due to strict inclusion criteria. The study highlights the need for more pragmatic approaches to capture real-world treatment effects.
A meta-analysis of 16 statin trials and 7 fibrate trials found that statin therapy was associated with a 21% lower risk of pancreatitis. In contrast, fibrates showed no significant risk reduction. Lifestyle modifications remain important for improving lipid profiles in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.
A study published in JAMA found that patients treated with newer-generation drug-releasing stents had a significantly lower rate of major adverse cardiac events at 1 year compared to those receiving bare-metal stents. This was attributed to reduced target vessel-related reinfarction and ischemia-driven target-lesion revascularization.
A national survey of 7,288 US physicians found that 45.8% reported symptoms of burnout, with higher rates in emergency medicine and family medicine specialties. The study highlights the need for policy makers and healthcare organizations to address physician burnout to improve patient care.
Scientists have developed a simple, paper-strip test that can identify counterfeit versions of Panadol, one of the most-frequently faked medicines globally. The test, which takes less than 10 minutes, uses colorimetric chemistry on chemically treated paper to detect suspicious ingredients.
A new technology developed by scientists can authenticate drugs in minutes, helping patients in developing countries receive real treatments instead of counterfeit ones. The device uses mass spectrometry and can distinguish between genuine and fake medications.
A phase 2 clinical trial has identified a potential new class of drug that achieves clinical response and remission in certain patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. The study, conducted at the University of California San Diego, shows oral treatment with Tofacitinib to be effective.
A team from MSU's College of Osteopathic Medicine applies four osteopathic manipulative treatments to patients with moderate to severe COPD. The study aims to determine the biochemical changes in patients' blood following manipulation and correlate it with pulmonary function.
A phase 2 trial shows vandetanib significantly improves progression-free survival and disease control rate for patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer, particularly those with papillary thyroid cancer. However, increased toxicities were observed.
Latrepirdine, a compound initially rejected for Alzheimer's treatment, shows promise in animal models by reducing neurodegeneration-related proteins and activating autophagy. The study suggests potential benefits in treating or preventing disorders associated with high levels of alpha-synuclein.
The American College of Physicians recommends against routine screening for age-related hearing loss due to insufficient evidence on benefits and harms. For schizophrenia, there is little research to support the use of second-generation antipsychotics over first-generation drugs.
A new clinical trial shows that drinking eight ounces of grapefruit juice daily can increase the levels of an anti-cancer drug called sirolimus in patients with incurable cancer. This combination could help patients avoid serious gastrointestinal side effects and reduce medication costs.
A pilot study found that phone calls with a 'stroke coach' can help patients understand their medication regimens, reduce depression, and improve overall health status. The coaching program resulted in higher knowledge of medications and stroke symptoms among participants compared to a control group.
Researchers found a significantly lower risk of life-threatening side-effects in patients taking part in Phase I trials of new-style targeted cancer therapies. The study also identified characteristics that put patients at higher risk, such as being sicker when joining the trial.
Scientists monitor interleukin-6 levels in patients with schizophrenia to identify potential red flags for relapse. The study aims to develop a personalized treatment approach using multi-drug therapies.
A new study by NIH researchers reveals that lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells contribute to multiple sclerosis, and daclizumab appears to reduce their numbers. The drug also activates natural killer cells, which counteract autoimmunity.
Research reveals high percentage of poor-quality antimalarials in Guyana/Suriname, including artesunate monotherapy failures. Basic quality control tests help reduce prevalence of substandard medicines in Amazon Basin Countries
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that combining two drugs extended the lives of women with metastatic breast cancer by more than six months. The combination treatment produced even greater benefits among women who had not previously taken tamoxifen, significantly improving survival rates.
A pilot study found that an investigational drug called exendin-(9-39) controls blood sugar levels in people with congenital hyperinsulinism. The study showed promising results, suggesting the potential for a new medical treatment for children with this rare disease.
A study published by researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine suggests that latrepirdine, a previously failed Alzheimer's drug, may be successful if tested on patients with earlier stages of the disease. The compound effectively stopped progression of memory deterioration and brain pathology in mouse models.
A Harvard researcher has found that using traditional, natural medicines can provide significant economic benefits, with households in Madagascar receiving between $30 and $45 per year. The study suggests that if Americans relied on these remedies, they could save up to 63% of their annual healthcare bill.
Researchers found a 58% positive response rate and 37% remission rate to TMS in patients with persistent symptoms despite antidepressant use. The study validated the effectiveness of TMS as an alternative treatment option for depression.
The HPTN 052 study found that early antiretroviral therapy significantly delayed the time to both AIDS and non-AIDS primary events and reduced the overall incidence of clinical events. Immediate ART also decreased the incidence of clinical events likely due to reversal of immune suppression.
A recent study published by researchers at UCSF found that increasing dopamine levels in the frontal cortex significantly decreased impulsivity in healthy adults. The study used a medication approved for Parkinson's disease to raise dopamine levels and measured its effect on decision-making tasks.
A new study found that basal cell carcinoma risk can persist even after multiple instances of the disease, with predictors including a history of eczema and early sun exposure. Researchers are exploring preventive medication options to minimize damage.
A large clinical trial testing a vaginal ring containing dapivirine, a potent antiretroviral drug, is underway in Africa to evaluate its safety and effectiveness in preventing HIV transmission among women. The trial aims to enroll 3,500 women across several African countries.
Researchers found that around 26% of people aged 87-89 had previously undiagnosed heart problems. These conditions can lead to breathlessness and heart failure, but are treatable with established drugs like beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors.
A novel approach to discover the first new tuberculosis (TB) combination drug regimen has cleared a major hurdle with a Phase II clinical trial finding it could kill more than 99 percent of patients' TB bacteria within two weeks. The results add to a growing body of evidence that this regimen could reduce treatment by more than a year ...
A 32-country study found that linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, is effective in improving glycaemic control without weight gain or increased risk of hypoglycemia. The extended trial demonstrated sustained glucose control for up to 102 weeks treatment duration.
A clinical study in rural Uganda found that nearly all patients with high CD4+ T cell counts were eager to take antiretroviral drugs, citing health, work, and family reasons. The results suggest a significant demand for early HIV treatment among African patients.
A new Penn study of 154 participants with chronic HCV found that silymarin supplements offered no significant improvements in liver disease treatment. The trial tested higher-than-normal doses of silymarin and concluded it had no impact on ALT levels or quality-of-life measures.
The NIH is launching a clinical trial to test the safety and tolerability of maraviroc-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimens for HIV prevention. The study aims to reduce the risk of infection by enrolling 400 HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men in 12 cities across the US and Puerto Rico.
The trial found large reductions in blood pressure and LDL cholesterol, with estimated benefits of avoiding or delaying a heart attack or stroke by 28% among participants. The Polypill is a four-component tablet that contains three blood pressure-lowering medicines and a statin for lowering cholesterol.
Researchers have discovered a drug that boosts memory function in individuals with Down syndrome, improving verbal episodic memory and showing significant improvement in cognitive abilities. The study suggests potential implications for slowing down or halting the development of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine suggests that non-inferiority trials, which involve switching HIV patients to a new antiretroviral therapy, may not be beneficial to participants. The authors argue that these trials often enroll patients who cannot benefit from the switch and do not capture or report all potential risks.
Two genetic variants have been found to be associated with rapid weight gain in patients taking antipsychotic medications. These variations near the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene may enable clinicians to identify which patients are at risk and choose strategies to prevent serious side effects.
Research suggests raising the recommended daily intake of vitamin C to 200mg could prevent chronic diseases like heart disease and stroke. Studies show that higher levels of vitamin C can lower blood pressure, reduce inflammation, and enhance immune function.
A new study examines real-life usage of Xigris over ten years and concludes that its efficacy is comparable to the original PROWESS trial. The study found a significant reduction in hospital death risk for patients with severe sepsis.
Scientists are developing new medicines to target both human and non-human cells in the body, based on a paradigm shift in understanding the human body as a complex ecosystem. This approach, called functional metagenomics, has the potential to treat diseases with substances that affect non-human cells.
A large prospective study found that cardiac surgery has become significantly safer, even for high-risk patients, with complication rates at 5%, compared to previously reported 10%. The study also failed to show acadesine, a protective drug, reduced complications.
Pre-notification by EMS significantly improved treatment times for stroke patients, including arrival-to-imaging and tPA treatment within 60 minutes. However, rates varied widely among hospitals and states, highlighting the need for improved stroke care systems.
A new 'adaptive' way of designing medical studies could help patients and researchers. Adaptive design assigns patients at slightly less than random chance, allowing for more personalized care. This approach may be most beneficial in emergency care or situations with high medical stakes.
A two-year clinical trial found fingolimod to significantly reduce Gd-enhancing lesions, new/enlarging T2 lesions, and brain atrophy in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Approximately half of the patients receiving fingolimod therapy were free from inflammatory lesions during the study.