Articles tagged with Drug Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The Quad pill, combining elvitegravir with cobicistat, has been shown to be effective in suppressing viral loads to undetectable levels in 88% of patients, compared to 84% for the EFV/FTC/TDF regimen. The new treatment also showed improved patient satisfaction and reduced prescription errors.
A UT Southwestern study found that early intensive treatment of type 2 diabetes slows down the progression of the disease by preserving the body's insulin-producing capacity. The intensive treatment regimen was shown to be effective in maintaining steady insulin-producing beta-cell function for three and a half years after diagnosis.
Research highlights the need for better representation of placebo effects in clinical trial participant information leaflets. The study found that placebos were often described negatively and ignored potential benefits.
A landmark randomized clinical trial is testing whether earlier treatment can prevent or delay heart damage in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The study uses enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to detect early changes in heart function and evaluate the effectiveness of an anti-fibrosis drug regimen.
A study published in the National Lipid Association Annual Scientific Sessions has shown that intensive cholesterol therapy involving a combination of drugs can be more effective over the long run than taking a single statin medication. After 20 years, patients on combination therapy had lower LDL and triglyceride levels, higher HDL, a...
A study by Mount Sinai researchers found that the timing of ADHD medication impact on children's performance on standardized tests. The findings showed that starting medication within 12 months after fourth-grade test led to a decline of 0.3 percent in math compared to 9.4 percent for those who started treatment later.
A new study finds that an experimental weight-loss drug, phentermine/topiramate, significantly aids overweight patients with type 2 diabetes in shedding pounds. Patients who took the medication combined with diet and exercise modifications were more likely to lose moderate amounts of weight than those on a placebo.
A new experimental medication called enobosarm safely increases muscle strength and physical functioning among cancer patients with low testosterone levels. In a multi-center trial, enobosarm significantly improved physical function by 19% in men with low testosterone and by 13% in those with normal hormone levels.
A new study found that an experimental insulin drug, degludec, prevented low blood sugar among diabetic patients more frequently than a popular drug, glargine. Degludec caused 14% fewer low blood sugar incidents overall and 37% less at night compared to glargine.
The new drug dabrafenib has shown significant improvements in progression-free survival for patients with BRAF mutation-positive melanoma, with an average of 5.1 months compared to 2.7 months with existing treatment dacarbazine. The results also suggest that dabrafenib may have fewer severe side effects than other BRAF inhibitors.
Autism Speaks has awarded nearly $2.9 million in funding to support autism research projects addressing various high-priority areas. These include investigating the impact of DSM-5 on autism diagnosis, developing new medications and behavioral treatments, and improving access to early intervention in minority communities.
A new trial shows that a short-term antiarrhythmic drug treatment can prevent recurrences of atrial fibrillation as effectively as long-term treatment. The Flec-SL trial found that patients treated with flecainide for four weeks had fewer AF relapses than those receiving long-term treatment.
A Michigan State University study found that only 50% of patients looked directly at the warning labels, highlighting the need for redesign. Researchers suggest moving warnings to the main label or repositioning them for better visibility, especially for older patients who take multiple medications daily.
Conducting clinical trials in developing countries can bring significant improvements to health outcomes with simple interventions. However, locally led research is challenged by one-size-fits-all requirements, which push up costs and deter investigators.
Research studies presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting showed promising advances in targeted therapy for various cancers. Additionally, clinical trial results indicated that intermittent hormonal therapy may shorten survival for certain prostate cancer patients while improving quality of life.
A new treatment method using computers to address childhood anxiety disorders has shown promising results. The Attention Bias Modification (ABM) program, which uses a technique to reduce anxiety by changing thought patterns, was found to be as effective as medication and cognitive therapy for children.
A large retrospective cohort study found that thiazolidinedione use may increase the risk of diabetic macular edema (DME) at 1-year and 10-year follow-up evaluations. The association was strongest among patients taking thiazolidinediones in combination with insulin.
A telephone intervention trial found that patients with glaucoma showed improved medication adherence when receiving automated calls and printed materials. However, interactive voice recognition devices may play a supportive role in improving adherence, while further study is needed.
Researchers found that pre-operative aspirin therapy can halve the risk of post-operative acute kidney failure. The study involved 3,219 patients and showed a significant decrease in incidence of acute renal failure with aspirin use.
Researchers at Harvard University have found that pre-existing mutations in the HIV virus can cause it to develop resistance to drugs used to slow disease progression. This discovery could lead to more effective treatments and opens up possibilities for prevention of drug resistance.
A head-to-head study in rheumatoid arthritis patients found that abatacept achieved comparable efficacy to adalimumab, with similar rates of ACR20 and ACR50 responses. The study also showed fewer injection site reactions with abatacept.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet report positive effects of an active vaccine, CAD106, against Alzheimer's disease. The study found that 80% of patients developed protective antibodies without side effects.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows that vismodegib is effective in treating basal cell carcinoma, a common cancer caused by sun exposure. Researchers found that patients with Gorlin syndrome who took vismodegib developed an average of two new tumors per year, compared to 29 in those taking placebo.
The DSM-5 combines abuse and dependence diagnoses into a single disorder, requiring two or more symptoms. Critics argue that this change may lead to over-diagnosis and deviation from international diagnostic standards. Proponents claim it simplifies diagnosis for clinicians and laypeople alike.
A pilot trial found that PharmaNAC, an antioxidant supplement, reduced irritability and repetitive behaviors in children with autism. The study suggests that PharmaNAC may be a valuable tool to treat these symptoms, which are common in autism.
Researchers have developed a new statistical model that uses medical records to predict a patient's future medical problems, taking into account their past experiences and those of other patients with similar health histories. The algorithm can make accurate predictions even when a patient's medical history is sparse, making it a valua...
A clinical trial found that duloxetine reduced painful tingling feelings caused by chemotherapy in 59 percent of patients. The study suggests that this antidepressant may be an effective treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy pain.
A new medication, abiraterone acetate, has been shown to slow the spread of metastatic prostate cancer while maintaining quality of life in patients. The study involved 1,088 men and demonstrated improved survival and reduced need for chemotherapy and pain medications.
A phase III clinical trial demonstrated sunitinib's effectiveness in treating resistant GIST tumors. The crossover design allowed patients to receive sunitinib after initial placebo treatment, protecting patient interests while maintaining rigorous proof of the drug's safety and efficacy.
Researchers found that genetic variations in nicotinic receptor genes affect an individual's likelihood of quitting smoking on their own or requiring medication. The study suggests personalized treatment plans can improve quit rates, particularly for those with high-risk gene variants.
A new study suggests that genetic variations can predict a person's response to drug treatments for nicotine addiction, with those at high-risk of heavy smoking showing the greatest response to pharmacologic therapy.
The Women's Health Initiative has revealed that hormones produce a mix of risks and benefits for postmenopausal women. The trial found that HT varies with age, being safer when started soon after menopause.
The REMARK checklist provides criteria for assessing the completeness of reporting tumor marker studies, aiming to improve quality and relevance of research. Good reporting reveals study strengths and weaknesses, facilitating sound interpretation and application of results.
Researchers at Indiana University have conducted two studies on bisexual individuals, finding that women who identify as bisexual or lesbian report better health when their sexual identity matches their recent sexual history. In contrast, queer-identified women's mental, physical, and sexual well-being is not related to the gender of t...
A Stanford study found that an antioxidant supplement, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), lowered irritability in children with autism and reduced repetitive behaviors. The researchers believe NAC could be a valuable tool to treat certain features of autism, but further trials are needed.
A study found that doctors who rarely meet with pharmaceutical sales representatives are slower to change prescriptions based on new information, taking up to four times longer than their peers. The study suggests that limiting access to reps can result in serious information gaps and affect prescription behavior.
A multicenter trial found that a tiny implanted coil called the Lung Volume Reduction Coil (LVRC) significantly improves pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in patients with severe heterogeneous emphysema. The treatment is considered safe and effective, particularly for those with severely hyperinflated lungs.
Seven late-breaking clinical trials presented at ATS 2012 examined treatments for ventilator-associated pneumonia, cardiac surgery associated kidney injury, septic shock, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, smoking cessation, malignant pleural effusion, and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Results showed that shorter courses of doripenem...
A new clinical trial is testing a combination of fulvestrant and ganetespib, an HSP90 inhibitor, to treat recurrent or metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. The goal is to make tumor cells more susceptible to hormonal therapies.
Research has found that inhaled anticholinergics are associated with an increased risk of potentially dangerous heart arrhythmias among young asthma patients. The use of these medications for routine asthma management may be linked to a higher risk of arrhythmias, particularly among active users of ipratropium.
A study analyzing industry-funded studies at psychiatric conferences found that 97.4% reported positive results for medicines being marketed, while non-industry funded studies showed a more balanced outcome. This 'presentation bias' echoes publication bias seen in major journals and may impact clinical care.
A systematic review of 2008 data reveals that most prediction studies lack proper reporting and methods, limiting their usefulness. Only a small minority employed effective approaches like external validation or model impact assessments.
Researchers found that statin users had less prostate growth compared to non-users, regardless of whether they took dutasteride or a placebo. The effect was relatively small and tapered off after two years.
New research presents key insights into preventing and treating bowel diseases, which affect millions worldwide. Studies show that dietary additives, hormone replacement therapy, and even high-altitude travel may cause or exacerbate these diseases.
Studies presented at DDW 2012 explored new high-definition colonoscopes, self-assembling magnets for endoscopic bypass, and capsule endoscopes. These innovations showed increased accuracy and decreased cost or invasiveness of procedures, with potential benefits including reduced costs and fewer complications.
A major new trial aims to provide clear guidance on whether home oxygen therapy should be offered routinely to patients with chronic heart failure. The study will measure factors such as patient quality of life, exercise ability, and breathlessness to determine the effectiveness of hot.
Studies show that statin therapy may be safe and beneficial for individuals with cirrhosis, reducing heart disease risk. Additionally, adding telaprevir to a drug regimen improves quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Probiotic dairy consumption also affects brain regions controlling emotional arousal.
A new study reveals that a combination of three drugs used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis can lead to increased risk of death and hospitalization. The researchers found no improvement in lung function or slowing of disease progression with the treatment, highlighting the importance of rigorous testing methods.
A phase I/II clinical trial indicates that older patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia respond well to the experimental drug ibrutinib, which has few side effects and a high one-year survival rate. The study suggests that ibrutinib deserves further testing as a first-line therapy for elderly CLL patients.
Researchers have discovered a combination of lapatinib and cetuximab to be effective against cancers that have developed resistance to traditional therapies. In the clinical trial, two out of nine patients showed a partial response to the treatment.
The FAME II trial demonstrates that targeting treatment to patients with ischemia significantly reduces the need for revascularisation. Patients without ischemia can be successfully managed using optimal medical treatment alone.
The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has released five new studies at its upcoming annual meeting, including those on precision medicine and cancer's genetic weak spots. These studies demonstrate improvements in treatment for aggressive cancers and provide valuable tools to lessen the side effects of cancer treatment.
A Penn State study found that 57.6% of patients prescribed antipsychotic medications in 2003 did not have schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, highlighting potential savings through reduced off-label use. The study suggests that Medicaid programs may benefit from reducing non-FDA-approved use of these medications.
The Folsom Group revitalizes the 1967 report's blueprint, updating 13 grand challenges to facilitate nationwide integrated patient-centered community health services. Intranasal corticosteroids show small therapeutic benefit for sinus infection sufferers, but with potential harms and cost implications.
Current colorectal cancer screening guidelines for individuals with first-degree relatives having precancerous colon polyps are not based on well-designed studies. A new systematic review calls for new research to measure the risk and identify modifying factors.
A new maintenance therapy, lenalidomide, has been shown to improve outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who have undergone a stem cell transplant. The study found that patients treated with lenalidomide had a 59% chance of surviving free of disease progression after three years.
A study reevaluating the long-term effects of alendronate on bone fractures found that patients with low bone density at high risk of spine fractures can benefit from continuing therapy. However, for other types of fractures, there is limited data on continued treatment benefits.
A new study published by Henry Ford Health found that standard heart failure treatments ACE/ARB are equally protective in preventing death or hospitalization among African-American and white patients. The study analyzed data from over 1,100 patients hospitalized for heart failure between 2000-2008.
A brief training program led by Massachusetts General Hospital researchers improved residents' empathy with patients, contrary to previous studies. The study found that participating residents showed significant improvement in patient ratings of their empathic behavior and knowledge of the mechanisms underlying empathy.
A study published in Archives of General Psychiatry identified a gene, MC4R, that increases weight gain in patients treated with commonly-used antipsychotic drugs. Patients who carry the recessive variant of this gene gained up to 20 pounds during a 12-week trial.