Symptomatology

Short-term and late-term effects of psilocybin on symptoms in major depression

Ultrasound has potential to alter how the brain responds to pain

Visual measure of illness perception paints a picture of quality of life

A new study suggests that a visual measure of illness perception can effectively convey symptom-related quality of life for patients with chronic lung illnesses. The study found that patients' visual perceptions of their lung disease were equally effective as standard questionnaires and test results in predicting quality of life.

Digoxin in patients with symptomatic rheumatic heart disease

Genotype-guided antidepressant prescribing for patients with depression

A randomized clinical trial found that genotype-guided prescribing of SSRIs did not improve depression symptoms at 3 months but showed higher remission rates at 6 months. Future studies should focus on the long-term impact of this approach.

Cognitive decline and household firearm storage among older adults

Unsecure firearm storage is common among older adults with subjective cognitive decline, despite clinical guidance recommending secure storage for those with cognitive symptoms. The study highlights the need for improved household practices and access to fire safety education.

Symptom-based dosing for neonatal opioid withdrawal

A randomized clinical trial found symptom-based dosing decreases discharge time compared to scheduled opioid taper approaches among infants with opioid withdrawal. This approach, using Eat, Sleep, Console, led to faster recovery and improved outcomes.

Scientists explore whether plastic particles could be linked to significant rises in liver disease

Researchers investigate whether micro- and nanoplastics contribute to liver disease through oxidative stress, fibrogenesis, and inflammation. They emphasize the need for increased research into plastic-induced liver injury and its potential impact on human health.

Bullying, state policy, and mental health symptoms in gender-diverse youths

A cohort study found that bullying and restrictive legislation were associated with higher rates of psychotic-like experiences in gender-diverse youths. The study suggests that supportive environments and policies can help alleviate mental health concerns among this population.

New study finds interferon therapy to be well-tolerated in compensated hepatitis B cirrhosis

A multicenter analysis of 920 patients with compensated cirrhosis found that interferon therapy was not associated with a higher risk of serious complications compared to standard treatment. Milder side effects were more common and required closer monitoring.

Extended low-dose apixaban and superficial vein thrombosis

Extended low-dose apixaban effectively reduced symptomatic superficial vein thrombosis (SuVT) risk. Patients with enduring risk factors for SuVT benefited from this anticoagulation strategy.

Biomarker, functional status, and quality-of-life trajectories before modes of death in heart failure

A post hoc analysis of the Finerenone Trial reveals that sudden death in heart failure was often preceded by modest worsening of symptoms and declining quality of life. The study suggests limited specificity for sudden death among other modes of death, implying a complex trajectory before modes of death.

Sleep health dimensions from wearables and transdiagnostic mental health in young adolescents

The study identified six sleep health dimensions in young adolescents: irregularity, timing, duration, social jetlag, weekend oversleep, and continuity. Greater irregularity was associated with higher concurrent transdiagnostic mental health symptoms, while shorter duration was linked to increased symptoms at follow-up.

Clinical consensus of ultrasound-derived fat fraction for assessment of liver steatosis

Researchers developed an expert consensus to standardize the use of ultrasound-derived fat fraction for assessing liver steatosis. The study found that UDFF showed strong correlations with histological steatosis grades and MRI-PDFF, demonstrating excellent reliability and robust diagnostic accuracy.

A decision-support system to personalize antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder

A decision-support system improved depressive and anxiety symptoms, increased medication adherence, and reduced symptoms over time for patients with major depressive disorder. The system used clinical and demographic predictors to tailor treatment, resulting in better outcomes for patients compared to usual care.

Discovering the “brain fingerprints” of chronic pain

A team of researchers has developed a method to decode fluctuations in spontaneous pain intensity in individuals with chronic pain using extensively sampled functional MRI data. The study found that neural patterns underlying pain differ markedly between individuals, highlighting the importance of individualized brain-based biomarkers.

Long COVID and recovery among US adults

A recent study found that nearly 6 in 10 long COVID patients have recovered, but many adults over 35 continue to experience lasting symptoms. The study's authors suggest greater investment in understanding biological mechanisms may provide insights into pathways of persistence and potential targets for intervention.

Cognitive and neuropsychiatric function in former American football players

A cross-sectional study of former American football players found prior participation to be associated with worse later-life cognitive and neuropsychiatric function. The findings support a dose-response association with years and level of play, providing context for clinicians and researchers assessing symptom risk among former players.

Aspirin not a quick fix for preventing bowel cancer

Daily aspirin use offers no quick or reliable way to prevent bowel cancer in the general population, increasing risk of serious bleeding. However, it may have potential long-term benefits for people at high genetic risk of colorectal cancer.

Incidental rotator cuff abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging

A population-based study reveals that rotator cuff abnormalities are common after age 40 and often represent normal age-related changes. The findings challenge the clinical value of routine imaging for atraumatic shoulder pain, questioning the need for regular scans in this demographic.

Tenecteplase for acute non–large vessel occlusion 4.5 to 24 hours after ischemic stroke

Intravenous tenecteplase administered 4.5 to 24 hours after ischemic stroke non–large vessel occlusion improved functional outcomes at 90 days compared to standard care. However, it also increased the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Generative AI use and depressive symptoms among US adults

A recent survey study found a significant association between generative AI use and increased depressive symptoms in US adults. The magnitude of the effect varied by age group, suggesting that further research is needed to understand the causal relationship and underlying factors.

Should younger and older people receive different treatments for the same infection?

Salk Institute scientists found distinct disease courses and tolerance mechanisms in younger and older mice with sepsis, indicating a need for age-tailored therapies. The study suggests that future treatments may focus on controlling infection-generated damage rather than just targeting the pathogen.

Yoga for opioid withdrawal and autonomic regulation

This randomized clinical trial found yoga to significantly accelerate opioid withdrawal recovery and improve autonomic regulation, anxiety, sleep, and pain. The study supports the integration of yoga into withdrawal protocols as a neurobiologically informed intervention addressing core regulatory processes.

Why are abstinent smokers more sensitive to pain?

Researchers found that abstinent smokers have altered brain activity linked to increased pain sensitivity and a need for more postoperative pain relief. The study suggests that nicotine withdrawal affects specific brain regions, leading to higher requirements for pain management in surgery.

Social media detox and youth mental health

A 1-week social media detox in young adults was associated with reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. The study's findings suggest a potential therapeutic benefit of reducing social media use for mental health concerns.

Metabolic control of inflammation uncovered: key enzyme turns off lung inflammation

A new study identifies fatty acid elongase ELOVL5 as a key promoter of inflammation resolution in the lungs. The research reveals that ELOVL5 works through a dual mechanism to dampen inflammatory pathways and generate pro-resolving lipid signals.

Functional somatic disorders in individuals with a history of sexual assault

This cohort study found a high risk of developing functional somatic disorder (FSD) in individuals with a history of sexual assault. The pooled analysis underscores the biopsychosocial consequences of sexual assault and highlights the importance of further research and targeted interventions to address this critical issue.

Self-administered hypnosis vs sham hypnosis for hot flashes

A randomized clinical trial found that self-administered hypnosis significantly reduced hot flash scores and daily interference compared to sham hypnosis. The study suggests that hypnosis delivered through audio files is a clinically significant method for reducing hot flashes in postmenopausal women.

One enzyme could be behind alcohol addiction and liver disease

Researchers discovered a connection between sugar metabolism and alcohol addiction, identifying ketohexokinase (KHK) as a key enzyme involved in the process. Blocking KHK showed reduced alcohol consumption and liver damage in mice, suggesting a potential new treatment for both conditions.

Chinese Medical Journal study uncovers new mechanism for liver fibrosis treatment

A recent study published in Chinese Medical Journal reveals that dihydroartemisinin upregulates CHAC1 through H3K9 acetylation modification, inducing ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells and suppressing liver fibrosis progression. This discovery identifies molecular targets for developing new anti-fibrotic drugs.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol for Alzheimer's

Researchers explored the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol for Alzheimer's disease by assessing its effects on immune responses and neuroinflammation. CBD treatment reduced expression of key regulators for neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's mice, associated with less proinflammatory molecules.

Tackling inflammation in the gut: the role of ‘unconventional’ immune cells

Double negative T cells (DNT cells) play an indispensable role in suppressing intestinal inflammation, acting as antigen-presenting cells. Their impaired function may contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease, suggesting they could be a potential therapeutic target.

While it may go unnoticed, loss of smell may linger for years after COVID-19

A new study found that 80% of participants who reported a change in their smelling ability after COVID-19 scored low on a clinical scent-detection test two years later. Those with a history of COVID-19 may be especially at risk for hyposmia, an issue underrecognized among the general population.

Study shows mucus contains molecules that block Salmonella infection

Researchers identified mucins that defend against Salmonella and other bacteria causing diarrhea. Synthetic versions of these mucins could help prevent or treat illness in soldiers or travelers. The study suggests a low-cost solution to a major global health challenge.

Springer Nature launches “Immunity & Inflammation”: Bridging insights from basic immunology to therapeutic innovation

The new journal aims to publish high-quality research on immunity and inflammation, covering all areas of immunology and focusing on the role of inflammation. It seeks to foster a deeper understanding of inflammation's role in immunity and promote innovative approaches to prevent and treat inflammation-related diseases.

Integrated behavioral health services and psychosocial symptoms in children

This cohort study found that receiving encounters with behavioral health clinicians and psychotropic prescriptions was associated with reduced psychosocial symptoms. The results suggest that expanding integrated pediatric behavioral health care could improve outcomes among vulnerable child populations.

Country of birth, race, ethnicity, and prenatal depression

A cross-sectional study found that prenatal depression diagnosis and moderate to severe depression symptoms differ by maternal nativity and racial/ethnic background. Non-U.S.-born mothers tend to have better neonatal outcomes, but this association may not hold true for prenatal mental health conditions.

Home training for cerebellar ataxias

Home high-intensity aerobic training outperforms home balance training in improving ataxia symptoms, fatigue, and aerobic fitness among those with cerebellar ataxias. Regular training maintained benefits at 1 year.

Astrocytic “brake” that blocks spinal cord repair identified

Researchers found that an astrocytic 'brake' mechanism, fueled by the neurotransmitter GABA, blocks spinal cord repair after injury. Inhibiting this pathway with the MAOB inhibitor KDS2010 enables recovery of spinal cord function in animal models.

High consumption of ultra-processed foods linked to systemic inflammation

High consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with higher levels of systemic inflammation and a greater risk of cardiovascular disease. The study found that individuals who consumed the most ultra-processed foods had significantly higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, a key marker of inflammation.

Body composition, fitness, and mental health in preadolescent children

A cross-sectional study found that greater lean mass and fitness are associated with fewer anxiety and depression symptoms in preadolescent children. Higher visceral adipose tissue, on the other hand, is linked to increased symptoms of both anxiety and depression.

Depression and anxiety symptoms in adults displaced by natural disasters

A study found that disaster-induced displacement from home was associated with increased depression and anxiety symptoms, especially among those who never returned home. This highlights the urgent need for mental health care for displaced populations, particularly socially vulnerable groups.

Family socioeconomic position and eating disorder symptoms across adolescence

A cohort study found a higher prevalence of eating disorders among adolescents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. The study suggests that reducing population-level socioeconomic inequalities may aid in preventing eating disorders.

Prince of Songkla University researchers create predictive model for long-term survivability with brain abscess

Researchers developed a dynamic nomogram to predict long-term survival in patients with brain abscess, identifying key predictors such as age, Karnofsky performance status, and hemoculture results. The model offers an interactive tool for individualized risk assessment, facilitating better treatment decisions and improving outcomes.

GLP-1 receptor agonists in idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A new study found significant reductions in medication use, symptoms, and procedural interventions with GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy for idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Neural pathway for nicotine withdrawal symptoms

Researchers found that mice with weakened laterodorsal tegmentum responses exhibited reduced withdrawal symptoms and increased interactions with new objects. The interpeduncular nucleus inhibits the LDTg, suggesting a potential target for nicotine addiction treatments.

CMD-OPT model enables the discovery of a potent and selective RIPK2 inhibitor as preclinical candidate for the treatment of acute liver injury

A potent and selective RIPK2 inhibitor has been identified through the CMD-OPT model as a potential therapeutic agent for acute liver injury. The compound, RP20, demonstrates excellent kinase specificity and superior therapeutic effects in an APAP-induced ALI model.

Trends in US children’s mortality, chronic conditions, obesity, functional status, and symptoms

Over 17 years, US children's health has worsened significantly across various domains including mortality rates, prevalence of chronic conditions, and rising obesity levels. The study highlights the urgent need to address the underlying causes driving this decline in the nation's health.

Intra-arterial tenecteplase for acute stroke after successful endovascular therapy

Intra-arterial tenecteplase significantly reduces the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and mortality in patients with acute large vessel occlusion. The treatment also improves neurological outcomes at 90 days without increasing complications.

Passive smartphone sensors for detecting psychopathology

Researchers found that smartphone sensors can detect major forms of psychopathology. The study's results may lead to the development of symptom monitoring tools to fill gaps in current practice.

Being in nature can help people with chronic back pain manage their condition

A study published in The Journal of Pain found that nature exposure can help people with chronic lower back pain by providing a sense of escapism, social connection, and physical exercise. Researchers recommend incorporating accessible design features into natural spaces to improve inclusivity.

Characterizing long COVID symptoms during early childhood

Researchers identified unique symptom patterns and derived research indices for infants/toddlers and preschool-aged children, highlighting the need to characterize long COVID separately across age groups. The study provides new insights into the condition's progression in early childhood.

Clinical and neuropathological evaluations of the New Brunswick neurological syndrome of unknown cause

A study published in JAMA Neurology found no evidence supporting a diagnosis of the New Brunswick neurological syndrome of unknown cause, highlighting the need for independent clinical evaluations. The data revealed presence of several neurodegenerative and non-neurodegenerative conditions instead

Incidence of pancreas and colorectal adenocarcinoma in the US

The study found an increase in pancreatic adenocarcinoma among all age groups, while a notable rise was observed in colorectal adenocarcinoma among younger patients. This trend highlights the importance of early detection and evaluation for clinicians when evaluating patients with relevant symptoms.

Not knowing what to expect can make pain feel worse

A new study from Aarhus University shows that uncertainty in pain expectations can increase pain perception. Researchers found that when the brain is unsure about what to expect, it intensifies pain beyond what's necessary. This discovery may help shape more effective ways to manage pain in the future.

COVID-19 vaccination and odds of post–COVID-19 condition symptoms in children ages 5 to 17

A new study suggests that mRNA COVID-19 vaccination may protect against post-COVID condition symptoms in children. The findings support the benefits of vaccination beyond acute protection, encouraging increased pediatric uptake.

Childhood lifestyle behaviors and mental health symptoms in adolescence

A Finnish cohort study found that higher physical activity and lower screen time in childhood are associated with reduced perceived stress and depressive symptoms in adolescence. The findings emphasize the importance of promoting physical activity and reducing screen time to support mental health in youth.

ADHD symptoms and later e-cigarette and tobacco use in youths

A cohort study found ADHD symptoms among US youths increased risk of nicotine and tobacco use. Early ADHD diagnosis and effective treatment may help alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of nicotine and tobacco use.

Temperature exposure and psychiatric symptoms in adolescents from 2 European birth cohorts

A cohort study from JAMA Network Open reveals an association between temperature exposure and increased psychiatric symptoms among adolescents in the Netherlands and Spain. The findings suggest a possible link between climate change and mental health, warranting further research across diverse climates.