Articles tagged with Immunology
Researchers found a quantitative difference in B cell response following vaccination between young and older adults, with younger adults mounting a stronger clonal response and older adults having more activated B cells. This study provides insights into the age-related differences in B cell vaccine response and may lead to the develop...
Dr. Qihui Zhou aims to investigate the role of immune cells in ALS and FTD with a focus on the C9orf72 gene mutation, potentially leading to better treatments.
Researchers at Dana-Farber and MD Anderson Cancer Center found that MTA buildup in tumor cells impairs T cell function. Depleting MTA with enzymes restores T cell activity, improving checkpoint inhibitor effectiveness in MTAP-deleted cancers.
A team of researchers has uncovered a previously unknown compensatory mechanism found in liver disease. Giant cell clusters, formed by immune cells from the bone marrow, take over the filtration function of impaired Kupffer cells. This finding changes the way we think about the role of the immune system in liver fibrosis.
Research finds that immune cells in older adults are similar to those in newborns and children, but less effective at recognizing infected cells. The study, published in Nature Immunology, suggests that tailored vaccines and therapies could be developed for different age groups based on the unique characteristics of killer T cells.
A comprehensive molecular characterization of T cell infiltration into the CNS has been achieved using CRISPR screening, revealing essential inhibitors and facilitators of T cell migration. The study identified 5 key regulators that can be categorized into three functional groups, providing new insights into MS pathogenesis.
Researchers found that beta-blockers can revive exhausted killer T cells, making them better cancer fighters. The study discovered a link between the sympathetic stress response and immune system response to cancer.
A new study from Uppsala University has found that women with a high genetic predisposition for blood clots are six times more likely to develop a blood clot during the first two years of using contraceptive pills. This knowledge could be used to identify women at risk and counsel them on alternative methods of contraception.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 195 clinical trials found that cell therapy can reduce the risk of death from COVID-19 by 60%. The studies, conducted in 30 countries between January 2020 and December 2021, used various types of cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and natural killer cells.
Agriculture can both facilitate and hinder pathogen spread through deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and biodiversity loss. Promoting agricultural practices that boost biodiversity and create barriers can prevent zoonotic spillover.
New research from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory suggests that high tumor mutation burden does not guarantee an effective immune response in patients with mismatch repair deficiency. The study found that tumors with identical mutations across all cells responded to immunotherapy, while those with subclonal mutations did not.
Researchers investigated the role of tertiary lymphoid tissues in aging kidney disease, identifying proinflammatory interactions between renal cells and immune cells that promote inflammation and injury. The study suggests targeting proinflammatory cytokines for potential therapeutic strategies.
Patients with severe long COVID often struggle with fatigue and exertion intolerance, with recovery rates varying depending on the initial infection's severity. A recent study found that those with ME/CFS experience little to no improvement in symptoms, while some patients in a second group show gradual improvement over time.
The WVU team evaluated Code Interpreter's features, finding it accessible to students but limited for scientists working with biological data. The plugin breaks down barriers for coding, but lacks internet access and parallel processing capabilities.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have found that weightlessness affects T cells in astronauts' immune systems, making them less effective at fighting infections. The study's results could lead to new treatments for reversing these changes.
A new study published in BMJ Oncology has found that relatively short-term use of immunosuppressant medications to control inflammatory diseases is not associated with an increased risk of developing cancer. The research included over 10,000 participants and tracked their cancer incidence for an average of 10 years.
Researchers have identified key genes involved in producing large amounts of immunoglobulin G, a crucial antibody in the human body. The discovery could lead to advancements in manufacturing antibody-based therapies for diseases such as cancer and arthritis.
Researchers find immunotherapy treatment anti-CTLA-4 leads to greater survival in mice with glioblastoma and discover new way cells kill cancer by triggering microglia, specialized immune cells in the brain. This breakthrough could lead to more effective treatments for human brain cancer.
Researchers unveil a novel signaling pathway that fosters chronic metabolic disorders through aged adipocyte dysfunction. Impaired BCAA catabolism in adipose tissues accelerates aging, while selective inhibition of CRTC2 or PPAR gamma activation may hold potential to inhibit aging and extend health span.
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is triggered by food allergies or airborne allergens, causing inflammation and damage to the esophagus. A new study found that inhibiting the NLRP3 pathway and releasing Interleukin-18 prevents EoE development.
Researchers have developed an innovative RNA-based strategy to activate dendritic cells, which play a key role in immune response. The approach, called CATCH, eradicated tumors and prevented their recurrence in mouse models of melanoma, suggesting its potential effectiveness against different cancer types.
Researchers found that CD4+ T cells initiate fat wasting, while CD8+ T cells induce muscle wasting, which surprisingly helps the mice fight infection and survive. The study sheds light on the complex relationship between immune cells and wasting responses.
University of Melbourne researchers have discovered that T cells patrol the human eye, protecting it from pathogens and inflammation. The study uses a new imaging technique to capture dynamic behavior of these cells in response to different stimuli.
Researchers at Salk Institute discovered molecular mechanisms of HIV drug-resistance to Dolutegravir, a breakthrough that could lead to the development of new HIV therapeutics. The study revealed how changes in integrase protein structure can lead to resistance and how another compound, 4d, may overcome this resistance.
Researchers from Korea University Medicine have discovered a potential therapeutic target for overcoming cisplatin resistance and neuropathic pain in cervical cancer. By inhibiting TRPV1, they found that resistant tumors became vulnerable to cisplatin, improving the outlook for patients.
A breakthrough mRNA vaccine has been developed to target and stimulate protective immune cell responses against malaria. The vaccine combines an RNA-based approach with a liver-specific adjuvant, generating resident memory cells that halt malaria infection in the liver, providing a broader and more protective immune response.
A new study reveals that breast milk contains a unique set of antibodies passed from mom to baby, which can vary significantly between mothers. This variability may explain why some infants develop life-threatening diseases like NEC, while others do not.
Researchers used a new method to study PFAS's impact on immune cells, finding that they significantly reduced T-cell activity and impaired the function of certain immune cells. This could lead to increased susceptibility to infections and reduced antibody production after vaccinations.
A study by Forsyth Institute researchers reveals a link between periodontal disease and amyloid plaque formation in the brain. Oral bacteria can travel to the brain, causing neuroinflammation and promoting cognitive decline in Alzheimer's patients.
A phase I trial found that combining fecal transplants with immunotherapy is safe and shows promise in improving clinical responses in 65% of patients. The study used healthy donor microbiome to enhance immune system attack on cancer, offering a new paradigm shift in melanoma treatment.
Researchers discovered that Nerofe and Doxorubicin can downregulate KRAS signaling, leading to enhanced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. The combination also activates the immune system against tumor cells, increasing immunostimulatory cytokines and recruiting NK cells and M1 macrophages.
Scientists have gained high-res structural insights into a key bacterial enzyme to develop new drugs that target its weaknesses and suppress disease-causing bacteria. The enzyme Lnt is not found in humans and has huge potential as a therapeutic target with fewer side effects for patients.
A new proof-of-concept Randomized Controlled Trial found tofacitinib effective and safe for Polymyalgia Rheumatica treatment, potentially avoiding steroid use. The study's results suggest a promising alternative treatment option for patients with this condition.
A third of under-fives attending Paediatric Emergency Departments have unmet vaccination need, with tetanus and MMR vaccination coverage levels below target. Researchers call for catch-up campaigns to reach this vulnerable group.
Scientists found that CXCL13-mediated recruitment of B cells helps predict response to immunotherapy treatment. This cooperation between T cells and B cells is associated with improved survival in patients treated with immunotherapy.
Researchers identified four therapeutic monoclonal antibody candidates that neutralized a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Prolonged exposure to the virus triggered somatic hypermutations, equipping these antibodies with an extensive binding interface.
Researchers identified a rare genetic defect in the DOCK11 gene causing abnormalities in white and red blood cells, leading to inflammation and immune system dysregulation. The defect also affects T cell activation, with potential connections to tumor diseases.
Researchers discuss the potential of glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) as a target for cancer immunotherapy. Preclinical studies have shown potent anti-tumor efficacy, but clinical trials have yielded inconsistent results due to complexities in immune responses and antibody structure.
The SEB Centenary Conference 2023 features over 800 talks on advances in animal, plant and cell biology. The conference marks the Society's 100th anniversary with special events and projects celebrating historically marginalised scientists.
A new study found that pregnancy causes a shift in the types of immune cells present in a woman's blood, with neutrophils increasing dramatically. This discovery provides a 'normal reference' for studying immune changes during pregnancy and may have implications for understanding diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
CHOP researchers have developed stable, universal MHC-I molecules that can be produced rapidly at scale, allowing for the development of effective and universal immunotherapies. These engineered MHC-I molecules promote peptide exchange across multiple HLA allotypes, covering various forms.
A study found that patients with atopic dermatitis have a higher proportion of proinflammatory effector T cells and lower suppressive Tregs specific to a particular mite antigen, leading to the development of atopic symptoms.
A new study published in Journal of Leukocyte Biology found that age and sex differences contribute to increased inflammation in older female mice. The research team discovered that immune cells entering areas where they shouldn
Researchers discovered a group of intestinal T cells with α4β7 integrin receptors that can either suppress or enhance anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in cancer patients. Targeting these cells may improve treatment outcomes and reduce resistance to immune checkpoint blockade.
A retrospective study found a 24% response rate to Docetaxel among patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer who experienced progression on immunotherapy. The median progression-free survival was 3 months, suggesting chemotherapy may still play an important role in treatment after immunotherapy failure.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have identified how memory killer cells are formed and found a correlation between their presence in cancer tissue and improved survival rates in people with melanoma. The study suggests that harnessing the potential of these cells could lead to more effective immunotherapy.
A study has identified a key component of the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection: nucleocapsid-specific T cells. These cells recognize and kill virus-infected cells, controlling viral replication and inflammation in the upper airways. The findings suggest that vaccines targeting this protein could be more effective.
Researchers found that individuals with only one defective allele can suffer from life-threatening diseases, challenging the assumption that defects in one allele are asymptomatic. The study highlights the importance of considering haploinsufficiency, where a single functioning gene is insufficient to prevent disease.
Researchers from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden report that individuals vaccinated against smallpox decades ago retain cross-reactive immunity to mpox. The study found that previous smallpox vaccination provides about 80% protection against mpox.
A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Immunology suggests that cutaquig infusions at higher infusion rates and volumes are well-tolerated and effective, with reduced infusion time, fewer injection sites, and improved compliance. The study results will be presented at the Clinical Immunology Society 2023 Annual Meeting.
A new study published in Science Advances has found that certain antibodies against the Epstein-Barr virus can mistakenly target the brain and spinal cord, causing damage in multiple sclerosis patients. The research reveals a potential link between EBV infection and MS, with implications for personalized therapies.
A gene-edited calf, named Ginger, has been born with reduced susceptibility to a major viral pathogen, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). If confirmed by follow-up research, this approach could offer long-term potential to reduce antimicrobial and antibiotic use in the cattle industry.
A study published in Cell Reports Medicine found that pro-inflammatory cell types dominate the intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease, while protective cells are underrepresented. The results provide new insights into the immunology of IBD and may lead to the development of more effective treatments.
Researchers have identified three types of bacteria associated with natural purple photosynthetic bacteria that show strong anticancer efficacy. The bacteria can thrive in hypoxic tumor environments and trigger the immune system to kill tumor cells.
Researchers found that T cells can self-activate by puckering their cell membrane, boosting function and slowing tumor growth in a mouse model. This discovery could inspire new anti-tumor therapeutics and provide insights into treating autoimmune diseases.
A new test has identified several effective antibiotics rejected by standard testing, suggesting the gold-standard test is incorrect ~15% of the time. This study provides a potential solution to address the disparity between recommended antibiotics and actual patient outcomes.
Researchers found a genetic variant of TNFAIP3, which regulates inflammation, can paradoxically protect the kidneys from damage in the short term. The study could lead to simple genetic tests for predicting kidney disease risk and personalized treatment approaches.
A new study has identified a metabolic enzyme called FBP1 that acts as a safety valve to prevent insulin shock. Researchers found that FBP1 inhibits protein kinase AKT, which is the primary conduit of insulin activity, and developed a peptide derived from FBP1 that can reverse insulin resistance and restore normal glycemic control.
A study published in Communications Biology suggests that gut bacteria's digestion of fucose sugar may be behind weaker immune responses to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Individuals with lower T-cell responses had higher expression of genes FOS and ATF3, which are part of a larger group controlling T-cell survival and activity.
Researchers found that extracellular vesicles stimulate killer T cells, promoting their proliferation and activation. The study also reveals that vesicles serve as a 'danger signal' for T cells during infection.