Articles tagged with Risk Factors
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Research published in Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases found that moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis by up to 50%. The study, which involved over 2,750 participants, also highlighted the importance of quitting smoking as a key preventive measure.
A study analyzing data from 6,916 girls and 5,618 boys found that risk factors for binge eating and purging vary between sexes and age groups. Frequent dieting and media pressure were key predictors of binge eating in females, while negative weight comments from fathers were linked to starting to binge eat in males.
A new study links smoking during pregnancy to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) with the strongest causal link yet. The research found that prenatal cigarette smoke exposure can increase the likelihood of gasp-like respiration and prolong breathing time after hypoxia, placing infants at higher risk for SIDS.
A growing number of 'pseudoepidemics' of false-positives for TB are occurring in the US Army due to universal testing with an inaccurate TST. The problem is most prevalent in regions with high TB rates, such as Iraq and Afghanistan.
A recent analysis of US births reveals that babies born preterm are more than twice as likely to have major birth defects. The study found that very preterm babies were five times more likely to suffer from such defects, with central nervous system and cardiovascular issues being the most common.
A new analysis of nearly 7 million US live births found that babies born preterm were more than twice as likely to have major birth defects. The study also showed that very preterm babies, those born between 24-31 weeks gestation, were five times more likely to have a birth defect.
Global menopause experts conclude that HRT is safe and beneficial for healthy women in the early postmenopausal period. The Zürich Summit reviews evidence on the safety, risks, and benefits of HRT, finding no increased risk of chronic heart disease or breast cancer in this group. HRT also maintains bone health and may delay cognitive d...
A new study by LA BioMed researcher Rajnish Mehrotra found that black patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease are 78% more likely to die than whites. The study suggests that socio-economic factors such as poverty, lack of education and medical insurance contribute to the higher mortality rates among blacks.
A study of 504 patients with herpes zoster found that individuals with a family history of the condition were 4.35 times more likely to develop shingles. The authors suggest targeting at-risk individuals based on their family history to decrease the risk and health care expenditures associated with herpes zoster morbidity.
A study published by the American Thoracic Society found that men with community-acquired pneumonia are more likely to die within a year due to their sicker condition and increased risk of complications. Despite receiving more aggressive medical care, men still face a higher mortality rate compared to women.
Researchers found that African-American men with a family history of prostate cancer are unlikely to develop the disease if their baseline PSA level is below the age-specific median. In contrast, those with high baseline PSA levels are more likely to develop prostate cancer, even with other risk factors.
A recent study published in Archives of Internal Medicine has documented the association between obesity and increased risk of heart disease. The research found significant ethnic disparities in weight and cardiovascular health, with non-Hispanic white participants showing a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity.
A study published in PLoS Medicine found that high HIV loads cause CD8+ T cell exhaustion, while reducing antigen levels allows these cells to recover their functions. This suggests that immune exhaustion is a consequence of persistent HIV replication rather than its cause.
The American College of Physicians has released a new clinical practice guideline on screening for osteoporosis in men. Osteoporosis is expected to affect nearly 50% more men over the next 15 years due to increasing rates among older adults.
Women with a family member who has had a hernia or prolapse are more likely to develop the condition themselves. Lifestyle changes, such as avoiding heavy lifting and maintaining a healthy weight, can help reduce the risk of pelvic organ prolapse.
A recent study from University College London suggests that investors' emotional states play a significant role in the stock market's behavior. The researchers argue that 'emotional inflation' - the unchecked enthusiasm and wishful thinking that can lead to excessive risk-taking - is a major contributor to market crashes.
Researchers found high levels of E-selectin, white blood cells, and low serum albumin levels are clear predictors of high risk for type 2 diabetes. The study used data from the Western New York Health Study and found that combining these markers increased identification of high-risk patients by 8%.
Researchers followed Minneapolis school children from ages 11 to 19 to track the emergence of cardiovascular risk factors. By age 19, boys were at greater cardiovascular risk despite gaining muscle mass and losing fat during puberty.
A study of 938 people with Alzheimer's disease found that heavy drinking reduced the age of onset by six to seven years, while heavy smoking reduced it by two and a half years. The combination of both risk factors led to an earlier onset of the disease.
Researchers found that hormone therapy started around menopause onset may have similar benefits as those without risk factors for heart disease. The study suggests that current guidelines may need to be revised for younger women taking hormone therapy.
Researchers at the University of Chicago Medical Center have discovered a novel genetic marker, H2A.Z, linked to breast cancer progression and metastasis. Elevated expression of this protein can help physicians make better predictions and treatment choices for patients.
Children screened for amblyopia before age 2 tend to have improved visual outcomes compared to those detected between ages 2 and 4. Early photoscreening yields better results in treating amblyopia.
A large Scottish Health Survey study found that just 20 minutes of weekly physical activity, including housework, reduces the risk of stress and anxiety. The more activity a person engages in, the lower their chances of psychological distress.
A recent study found that genetic risk factors for common fears, such as situational or blood-injury phobias, decline in importance during childhood and adolescence. However, new genetic influences emerge during early adolescence, late adolescence, and adulthood, suggesting a dynamic relationship between genetics and fear.
A new study finds that depression is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, rather than an early sign of its underlying pathology. The research, published in Archives of General Psychiatry, found no increase in depressive symptoms before the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
A University of Alberta study reveals that consuming natural trans vaccenic acid (VA) can lower cholesterol levels and improve metabolic health. Results show significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, suggesting a potential benefit to using diets with enhanced VA.
The Drexel University School of Public Health has been awarded a $14.3 million NIH grant to study risk factors and biological indicators for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in expectant mothers and their babies. The researchers aim to follow 1,200 mothers of children with autism and document the development of newborns through 36 months.
A gluten-free vegan diet has been shown to lower blood levels of oxidized LDL-cholesterol and increase anti-PC antibodies, providing atheroprotective effects. This study suggests that diet can impact the immune system and reduce disease incidence.
Genetic tests marketed directly to consumers may be premature and lack scientific validity. Dr. Kenneth Offit warns of the risks of self-ordering these tests without guidance from healthcare professionals. He advocates for cautious introduction of new 'whole genome' testing in clinical trials.
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Africa is increasing, with a significant increase in advanced conditions among black African patients. The study found that 46% more black Africans were diagnosed with heart failure than the rest of the cohort, while women represented a greater proportion of those with obesity.
Researchers found that family members caring for loved ones with serious heart ailments were more likely to have high blood pressure, depression, and poor eating habits. These caregivers were also less likely to follow healthy dietary guidelines.
A large-scale study published in the American Heart Association rapid access journal report found that cigarette smoking is a significant predictor of stroke in Chinese men. Researchers analyzed data from over 170,000 participants and found that smokers were 2-3 times more likely to suffer an ischemic stroke compared to never-smokers.
Researchers found that low maternal education is a key indicator for increased risk of mental retardation in the general population. The study also showed that extremely low birth weight infants and women with an education below the high school level are at higher risk of intellectual disability.
A new study found that depressed heart attack patients have a higher risk for sudden death in the months following a heart attack, and this risk continues for many years. The study of over 750 patients showed that even minor depression increases mortality risk.
A University of Arizona researcher has developed a system to identify major US cities at high, mid-range, or low risk for bioterrorism. The map highlights areas with critical industries, population density, and natural environment factors.
A new viewpoint published in The Lancet suggests that age is not an unmodifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but rather a combination of factors that can be modified through early intervention. The authors argue that conventional wisdom prioritizes age over modifiable risk factors like lipid levels and blood pressure.
Researchers found that genetic factors account for 40% of the risk for chronic bronchitis, but also identified a link between genetic predisposition to smoking and the development of the disease. The study suggests that smoking remains a primary risk factor for chronic bronchitis, regardless of genetic background.
Researchers found that older Americans with high stroke risk, but without a history of stroke, experience accelerated cognitive decline. The study, conducted by the American Heart Association, analyzed data from over 17,000 participants and found that those at high risk declined twice as fast as those considered low-risk.
A study found that US adults have a higher prevalence of stroke than Europeans, mainly due to higher rates of stroke risk factors in the US. The gap is more pronounced among poor Americans, who are more likely to have a stroke.
Researchers found that daytime dozing significantly increases the risk of stroke in older adults. Moderate dozing doubled the risk, while significant dozing quadrupled it. The study suggests that sleep problems may be an important and novel stroke risk factor.
A large study found that moderate aerobic fitness can significantly reduce stroke risk for men and women. The study analyzed data from over 60,000 participants and found that those with higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness had a lower risk of stroke, regardless of other risk factors.
Researchers found that black patients with COPD were less likely to receive a lung transplant and more likely to die or be removed from the transplant list than white patients. Despite differences in insurance, socioeconomic status, and cardiovascular risk factors, these disparities persisted.
Researchers found that hostility and depression together elevate inflammatory proteins in the human body, increasing the risk for heart disease. The study examined associations with blood levels of two inflammatory proteins and found a stronger relationship between these negative emotions when considered simultaneously.
Research found teenage fathers more likely to have babies with birth problems such as pre-term delivery, low birth weight, and death. In contrast, older fathers aged 40+ were not at increased risk, according to the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology study.
The study analyzed data from 2000 to find large regional variations in stroke and heart disease-related deaths across Europe. Mortality rates for ischemic heart disease (IHD) were lower in southern and western countries, while cerebrovascular disease (CVD) mortality was reduced in the center of Western Europe.
The Journal of the American Dietetic Association has published a comprehensive review of dietary factors for treating and preventing cardiovascular disease. The review identifies effective dietary considerations, including a diet low in saturated fatty acids and high in fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
Risk factors for suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts are consistent across countries, with mental disorders and female gender being key contributors. The study also found that impulse control disorders and substance use disorders increase the risk of acting on suicidal thoughts.
Global climate models project significant changes in water availability due to anthropogenic warming, with regions like high latitudes and Mediterranean basin expected to experience substantial decreases. Non-stationarity must be accounted for in water resources planning to ensure effective management.
Childhood undernutrition is associated with reduced adult height, lower levels of schooling, and economic productivity. Children who experience rapid weight gain after infancy are at high risk of chronic diseases related to nutrition.
A long-term study found that smokers have an increased risk of developing early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and experience greater progression of the disease. Smokers developed AMD at a younger age than non-smokers, and smoking was associated with cumulative progression of AMD over 15 years.
A study of 609 men aged 72.6 found that those with low blood testosterone levels had a significantly higher risk of fractures, particularly hip and non-vertebral fractures. The study suggests that measuring serum testosterone may provide additional clinical information for assessing fracture risk in elderly men.
A large study found that identifying youth with risk factors for psychosis can lead to accurate predictions, with a 65-80% accuracy rate. Combinations of risk factors include social decline, family history, unusual thoughts, and past drug abuse. This ability to predict psychosis will help determine the most effective time to intervene.
A new study from Danish researchers has found that childless men have a lower risk of developing prostate cancer than fathers, with a reduced risk associated with having more children. The study suggests that this may be due to a "healthy father" phenomenon, where fertile men are less likely to develop the disease.
A new study found trichloroethylene to be a risk factor for parkinsonism, a group of nervous disorders with symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease. The study showed that chronic exposure to TCE can lead to degenerative changes in the brain, including reduced mitochondrial function and dopamine neuron damage.
Research on farm women reveals an increased risk of allergic asthma associated with pesticide use. The study found a significant increase in asthma prevalence among women who applied or mixed pesticides, with some compounds like parathion linked to nearly tripled risk.
Women are more prone to developing COPD due to exposure to risk factors like cigarette smoke, leading to distinct manifestations of the disease. They also experience different symptoms, diagnoses, and treatment outcomes compared to men.
Researchers found that a higher waist-to-hip ratio is associated with a greater risk of heart disease, even when adjusting for other factors. The study suggests that focusing on waist-hip ratio rather than weight alone can provide a more accurate prediction of heart disease risk.
Researchers found that patients over 60 years old, experiencing morning stiffness and groin pain, are at higher risk of undergoing total hip replacement. The study also revealed that obesity may decrease the risk of THR after three years.
A clinical model predicting hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women was developed based on 11 clinical factors. The model was validated using data from the Women's Health Initiative and showed accuracy in stratifying risk among various ethnic backgrounds.
A study found that individuals with low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and high homocysteine levels, as well as diabetes, are more likely to experience memory problems and greater disability after a stroke. These factors can also slow down stroke recovery, particularly in those over 57 years old.