Articles tagged with Cancer Cells
A Cardiff University-led study has discovered a protein, calmodulin, that protects pancreatic cells against the harmful effects of alcohol. The findings could lead to the development of new treatments for pancreatitis and reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer.
A Purdue University scientist has developed a nanopolymer that can detect the effectiveness of cancer drugs against biochemical processes leading to cancer cell formation. This innovation could replace radioisotopes and antibodies in screening kinase inhibitors, making it a universal method for pharmaceuticals.
Researchers found that MeSeCys killed more lung cancer cells than SeMet, which may explain conflicting results on selenium's health benefits. The study could provide insight into the chemopreventive properties of different selenium forms.
The authors refine the original six hallmarks using information from transgenic animals and biochemical assays, adding two new categories: enabling characteristics and emerging hallmarks. This updated review provides a solid basis for cancer research and identifies therapeutic targets.
Scientists have identified a distinct group of effector regulatory T cells responsible for suppressing immune responses. The discovery has significant repercussions for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and cancer, as well as how the efficacy of newly developed drugs is measured.
Researchers have synthesized cancer literature to introduce the concept of enabling and emerging hallmarks, which are features that set the stage for cancer and may become core characteristics in nearly all cancers. This review article provides a cohesive foundation for biomedical researchers to develop new cancer treatments.
Researchers at NIST and NCI have developed a technique that slices off the top of a cell, making structures accessible for spectroscopic examination. This allows for chemical mapping of cells at submicrometer resolution, potentially enabling early detection of cancer.
Researchers at Arizona State University have received a $1 million grant to develop a next-generation 3D imaging microscope called Cell-CT. This technology enables scientists to observe and assess the functional pathways of disease, such as cancer, by performing CT imaging on individual living cells.
A new study reveals that the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and BORIS proteins directly regulate Rb2/p130 gene expression in lung cells. The findings show that small lung cancer cells exhibit low expression levels of Rb2/p130, while non-small lung cancer cells are overexpressed compared to normal lung cells.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin have discovered how autophagy, a process of 'self-eating', safeguards against cancer development. The discovery highlights an unexpected role for Noxa in triggering the self-destructive process that kills fledgling tumour cells.
Research team designed synthetic molecules to study proline residue's role in cancer cell apoptosis by XIAP protein. The results suggest that these tetrapeptide analogs can be further developed into new molecular tools to analyze protein-protein interactions and signal transduction pathways of XIAP in cancer cells.
A recent study published in PLOS Biology reveals that Break-induced Replication (BIR) is up to 2,800 times more likely to cause genetic mutations than normal DNA synthesis. The researchers found that this method of DNA repair can lead to sudden bursts of mutagenesis, increasing the risk of cancerous cell development.
Researchers have discovered a compound, ABT-737, that sensitizes hypoxic cancer cells to apoptosis. This compound synergizes with conventional chemotherapeutic agents in tumor-bearing mice, suggesting improved treatment of solid tumors.
UBE4B is a molecule that binds to p53 and MDM2, allowing them to degrade the tumor-suppressing protein p53 in cancer cells. This discovery could lead to novel anti-cancer therapies and improve prognosis for cancer patients.
Scientists at VCU Massey Cancer Center have developed a novel treatment strategy for multiple myeloma that pairs two targeted agents to kill cancer cells. The combination regimen of Src inhibitors and Chk1 inhibitors induces cell death in multiple myeloma cells while sparing healthy cells.
Researchers propose cancer cells employ ancient genetic pathways, a 'toolkit' from 1 billion years ago, to evade control and develop resistance. This concept offers new hope for personalized medicine and potentially reveals clues about life's history.
Scientists discovered how stressed cells boost thrombin production, a key blood-clotting factor, which may be taken advantage by cancer cells. This process could explain why cancer patients are more likely to suffer from blood clots and septicaemia.
Scientists at Georgia Institute of Technology have found a regulatory RNA called miR-429 that can induce metastatic cancer cells to convert back into less invasive forms. This discovery may allow physicians to treat ovarian cancer more effectively with traditional chemotherapy.
Five scientists with novel approaches to fighting cancer have been awarded the Damon Runyon-Rachleff Innovation Award, receiving a total of $2.25 million over three years. The recipients aim to significantly impact cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment through their pioneering ideas.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center discovered that genetic mutations in brain tumors can alter their metabolism. This study found over 100 metabolites with altered concentrations in cells with the defective IDH1 or IDH2 genes, providing promising avenues for future research into new treatments.
Researchers are developing a new method to identify cell abnormalities, including cancer, by analyzing the shape and behavior of individual cells. They have created mathematical equations that describe cell appearance and motion, which could be used to gauge future stages of a disease.
Researchers have identified a link between mitochondrial fusion and a cell death pathway, with implications for treating heart disease and stroke. The study found that the proteins MFN1 and MFN2 regulate mitochondrial behavior, promoting or preventing apoptosis, depending on their combination.
A team of researchers has made a discovery about how the Ras oncogene chooses a signaling pathway and its consequences in cellular development, a key issue in cancer. The study used a common roundworm, C. elegans, to identify the critical events leading to pancreatic cancer.
Researchers found that endothelial cells lining blood vessels secrete molecules suppressing tumor growth and invasion. The discovery could lead to a new way to treat cancer by implanting these cells adjacent to the tumor.
Researchers identified a chaperone enzyme, Rad18, that plays a key role in accurate DNA repair, and a signaling protein, Cdc7, that ensures error-free repair. This discovery offers a promising new target for cancer therapies, potentially overcoming resistance to DNA-damaging treatments.
Scientists discover a pro-survival mechanism in skin cancer cells, which may lead to new therapeutic targets. Researchers also develop a method to generate hyaline cartilage using adult skin cells.
Researchers discover that PML limits cancer cell division, and its absence allows tumors to grow uncontrollably. The presence of PML molecules can be detected, enabling diagnosis of malignant tumors.
Researchers found that estrogen induces the expression of CYP1B1 enzyme in precancerous cells, which promotes their movement and division. Depleting CYP1B1 reduces cell mobility and death in precancerous cells.
Researchers developed a device using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry to detect pre-cancerous cells in the esophagus lining. The technology holds promise for earlier detection and targeted biopsies, potentially improving treatment outcomes for esophageal cancer.
Researchers at Duke Cancer Institute discover a way to prevent the development of invadopodia structures that enable cancer cells to spread. By blocking Abl and Arg kinases, they also eliminate protein function that burns through tissue, allowing cancer cells to enter new cells.
Researchers used zebrafish to track the behavior of cancer cells and immune cells, discovering that cancer cells produce hydrogen peroxide to attract immune cells. This co-option of the immune system allows tumors to grow and spread, but blocking this interaction can prevent tumor formation.
Researchers at TUM have developed a new mechanism for reversible proteasome inhibition, which could lead to improved treatments for cancer and immune reactions. By targeting the immuno-proteasome specifically, they aim to minimize damage caused by side effects.
Researchers identified pomegranate juice components that inhibit the movement of cancer cells and weaken their attraction to a chemical signal. The effects of these components on prostate cancer progression are still controversial and require further testing.
Researchers found that adding ipilimumab to paclitaxel/carboplatin improved progression-free survival rates for stage IIIb/IV non-small cell lung cancer patients. The study suggests that ipilimumab may be a valuable addition to standard treatments, potentially leading to better patient outcomes.
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine have identified a mechanism by which specific viruses acting as oncolytic agents can enter and kill cancer cells. By targeting the AKT signaling pathway, VSV is able to switch off a major cell survival signal, leaving cancer cells vulnerable to attack.
In mouse models, overexpression of microRNA 125b (miR-125b) causes leukemia and accelerates its progression. The study found that miR-125b is a major cancer-causing microRNA, leading to different types of leukemia.
Researchers found that a simple mechanism of finger-trap tension helps stabilize chromosomes during cell division, ensuring accurate gene distribution. This discovery could lead to new ways to correct defects before they occur or target cells with incorrect chromosome numbers to prevent further division.
A new study reveals that cannabis triggers unique immune cells called myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which promote cancer growth. MDSCs actively suppress the immune system, making users more susceptible to infections and certain types of cancers.
Researchers discovered that muscle cells in developing fly embryos send 'finger-like' protrusions into neighboring cells to facilitate fusion. The actin-rich fingers help form a small pore connecting the two cell types, eventually fusing them together.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have successfully transformed normal human tissue into three-dimensional cancers for the first time. The new technique allows for quick and cheap testing of anti-cancer drugs without laboratory animals, providing insights into how human cancers act in the body.
Researchers have identified key factors in cancer cell development and reconstituted the first step in the process in a test tube. The study, published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, found that DNA breaks are a major instigator of cancer cell development.
Researchers used computer models to illuminate protein behavior in crowded cells, revealing enzyme activity was 15 times more active. This discovery can aid in designing efficient therapeutic means for diseases like Alzheimer's and cancer.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins have identified a glutaminase inhibitor that slows cancer cell growth by blocking the sugar-based building blocks. The compound has shown promise in reducing cancer cell growth by 30% and may be used for many types of primary brain tumors.
University of Illinois researchers developed microsensors that can track individual cells' masses and divisions over time. They found that cells grow faster as they grow heavier, rather than at a fixed rate throughout the cell cycle. The sensors also allow for imaging and tracking of cellular processes in conjunction with changes in mass.
A study found that targeting HDMX overcomes p53 suppression and resistance to selective HDM2 inhibition, restoring tumor suppressor pathway in cancers expressing both proteins. The research enables new therapeutic strategies for human cancer, including those resistant to current treatments.
Researchers at the Centenary Institute discovered a new death pathway that can break drug resistance in ovarian cancer. The treatment, FTY720, kills ovarian cancer cells through necrosis, making it resistant to relapse. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm its effectiveness.
Researchers at UNC identify cellular communicators for cancer virus, revealing a new mechanism by which the Epstein-Barr virus manipulates cells and induces uncontrolled growth. The study shows that infected cells can produce altered exosomes that enter recipient cells, changing their growth patterns.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have been awarded a $100,000 grant from the W.W. Smith Charitable Trust to investigate why African-Americans respond poorly to common chemotherapeutic agents used to treat pancreatic cancer.
Researchers at Northwestern University have found that a soy-based drug can prevent the movement of prostate cancer cells from the prostate to the rest of the body. The experimental treatment, genistein, has shown beneficial effects on human subjects with localized prostate cancer in a recent phase II study.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College have found a combination therapy that is more effective than traditional treatments and can kill cancer cells without harming surrounding tissues. By targeting BCL6 and EP300, they were able to suppress and eradicate human DLBCL in mice.
Researchers have successfully visualized the human immune system's assassin protein perforin, revealing how it punches holes in cancerous or infected cells. The study provides insights into the protein's structure and function, which could lead to new ways of fighting cancer, malaria, and diabetes.
A team of researchers has identified how the protein perforin kills rogue cells, which could lead to new treatments for cancer, malaria, and diabetes. The study reveals that perforin assembles to punch holes in cell membranes, allowing toxic enzymes to destroy infected cells.
Researchers found that BAFF interacts with c-MYC gene, promoting aggressive leukemias and lymphomas. High levels of BAFF in CLL microenvironment may lead to improved treatment options by blocking its effects or inhibiting signaling pathways.
Researchers found that the Reaper protein triggers apoptosis by interfering with inhibitor of apoptosis proteins and delivering its death sentence to the mitochondria. By targeting the protein to the mitochondrial membrane, it can be made more effective at killing cells, providing a potential new approach for cancer treatments.
Researchers at Yale School of Medicine have discovered a new pathway involving multiple cell types that contributes to the development of Type 1 Gaucher disease. This knowledge could lead to more effective and less expensive treatments, including a small molecule substrate inhibitor in pill form.
Research suggests a connection between vitamin D levels and skin cancer risk in individuals with basal cell nevus syndrome. Patients with this condition are found to be more likely to have low vitamin D levels, even when taking sun protection measures.
Researchers found that proteins importing structural material and regulating its import determine cell size. By manipulating these proteins, they can make a smaller species' nuclei balloon up to the size of a larger one. This discovery could lead to new insights into nuclear size regulation in cancer cells.
Researchers have uncovered a key mechanism in which leukemia cells trigger a protective response when exposed to histone deacetylase inhibitors. By disrupting this pathway, the cancer-killing capacity of HDACIs can be increased dramatically.
Researchers at Rice University used gold nanoparticles with laser pulses to create tiny vapor bubbles that selectively destroyed cancer cells in zebra fish implanted with live human prostate cancer cells. This technique avoids damaging healthy tissue and demonstrates a new approach to cancer treatment.
A team led by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute scientists created a molecule that prevents cancer genes from 'hearing' instructions, stifling the cancer process at its root. The research targets proteins issuing stop and start commands to a cancer gene, known as epigenetic reader proteins, for future cancer therapies.