Articles tagged with Mammalian Cells
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have successfully regenerated a mouse heart using human heart precursor cells, paving the way for potential transplantation and drug testing models. The breakthrough could lead to personalized organ replacement and improved treatment options for heart disease patients.
Researchers have identified a type of white blood cell in lampreys that resembles gamma delta T cells found in mammals and birds. The discovery suggests that distinct cells with similar functions may have existed in the last common vertebrate ancestor, providing insights into the evolutionary past.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute found a crucial molecular signal guiding brain development in the neocortex. The discovery may aid research on autism, schizophrenia, and other psychiatric conditions by understanding how molecules like reelin regulate neuron migration.
A research team identified a new type of cell in the brain that helps people navigate unfamiliar environments through path integration. Grid cells allow the brain to keep track of navigational cues and maintain a sense of location.
Researchers found that HMM-HA prevents overcrowding and tumor formation in naked mole rat cells. The protein's unique amino acid changes may be responsible for its cancer-fighting properties.
Researchers discover cell competition in early embryo, where cells with higher Myc protein levels eliminate those with lower levels. This mechanism optimizes the development of long-lived organisms like humans by selecting suitable cells.
In early mammalian development, embryonic cells undergo a battle for survival between days 3 and 7. Cells with higher levels of Myc protein eliminate those with lower levels through an optimization mechanism. This study reveals that this process does not waste cellular resources but instead benefits the embryo.
Researchers have successfully transplanted human embryonic stem cells into monkeys with Parkinson's disease, demonstrating robust survival and integration of the cells. The study found that the gene expression of dopamine-producing neurons was transient after transplantation, highlighting the need for further research to optimize cell ...
Researchers have found that pancreatic β cells can be regenerated at least three times using a mechanism that involves the forced activation of the Pax 4 gene. This breakthrough suggests that the pancreas has a virtually inexhaustible source of cells capable of replacing lost β cells, offering new hope for treating Type 1 diabetes.
A breakthrough study led by Shoukhrat Mitalipov converts human skin cells into embryonic stem cells using a variation of somatic cell nuclear transfer. The reprogrammed cells can transform into various cell types, including nerve cells, liver cells, and heart cells, without the risk of transplant rejection.
A new study by Stowers Institute for Medical Research reveals that Notch2, a Notch family protein, shapes an eye structure known as the ciliary body by ensuring BMP signals remain loud and clear. The findings provide crucial insights into how excessive pressure is a risk factor for glaucoma.
Thijn Brummelkamp receives the EMBO Gold Medal for his groundbreaking work on genetic analysis of human disease. His RNA interference method has been cited over 3500 times and enables detailed study of human genes involved in diseases like cancer.
Researchers at the University of California - San Francisco have developed a type of human brain cell called medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) cell that grows seamlessly when transplanted into mice. These cells have the potential to treat several types of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease,...
Scientists at Whitehead Institute have developed a new method for creating genetically altered mice using the CRISPR/Cas technique, which can produce mice with multiple mutations in just three to four weeks. This breakthrough enables the study of human diseases in mice more efficiently and cost-effectively.
Researchers used fluorescent cell labeling to determine when precursor cells develop into pancreatic beta cells. They found no evidence of neogenesis in adult mice, contradicting previous assumptions about beta cell creation. This discovery has significant implications for understanding diseases like diabetes.
Scientists at NIH and Pitt School of Medicine discovered a method to grow large numbers of stem cells by blocking CD47 membrane protein, increasing expression of four genes essential for iPS cell formation and allowing directed differentiation into various tissue types.
Scientists use a novel technique to identify which neurons communicate with place cells, revealing the brain's sense of location is created by multiple specialized cell types. The study provides new insights into how cells in the hippocampus process and integrate sensory information.
Scientists have found that hepatocytes can transform into biliary cells in response to injury, a process dependent on the activation of endogenous Notch signaling. This discovery provides direct evidence for cellular reprogramming in mammals and may lead to new treatments for diseases involving bile duct deficiency.
Researchers found that certain protein particles can multiply and spread from one cell to the next, contributing to the development of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. This discovery may lead to new methods for treatment by preventing the spreading of disease-related protein particles.
Researchers successfully transplanted neural cells derived from adult monkey skin into their brains, developing into several types of mature brain cells. The transplants showed minimal immune rejection and no signs of cancer, paving the way for potential treatment for diseases like Parkinson's.
Researchers implanted human brain cells into mice, finding enhanced learning and memory compared to normal mice. The study suggests that human-specific glial form and function contribute to the evolution of human cognition.
A team of researchers found that a specific histone variant, macroH2A, prevents normal cells from being reprogrammed into cells resembling stem cells. This discovery has broad implications for how cells change during both normal and disease development.
Scientists successfully repurposed human alpha cells into functional beta cells by modifying chromatin material, demonstrating the potential for a novel diabetes treatment. The study also reveals that many genes in alpha cells are marked with both activating and repressing histone modifications.
Researchers at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center have developed a synthetic gene circuit that can dial up or down gene expression in human cells, enabling refined research for drug resistance and cancer treatment. The circuit's precision will allow scientists to test the boundaries of genes known to confer resistance ...
Researchers find that broken molecular motors cause stress and anxiety in mice, potentially leading to new anti-anxiety drug candidates. The discovery highlights the critical role of these motors in transporting serotonin receptors, which regulate mood and behavior.
Researchers from the Marine Biological Laboratory discovered that lancelets have melanopsin-producing cells, which are involved in non-visual light-dependent functions. Studying these cells provides insight into the evolutionary history of circadian receptors and their role in regulating biological clocks.
A new study from McGill University reveals that the DCC receptor is essential for normal synaptic function and plasticity, leading to progressive degeneration of synapses and defects in memory formation. The absence of DCC leads to memory loss similar to Dr. Brenda Milner's famous subject HM.
Scientists have made significant progress towards developing a potential stem cell therapy for diabetes. The study found that human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can differentiate into endocrine cells that are remarkably similar to primary human counterparts. However, hESC-derived endocrine cells produced in vitro lack key features and ...
Scientists have successfully regenerated sound sensing cells in mice with noise-induced deafness, partially reversing their hearing loss. The technique involves inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway to promote hair cell differentiation from surrounding supporting cells.
Researchers found a specific type of sensory nerve cell that responds to itch-inducing stimuli but not pain, suggesting a possible solution for chronic itch. This discovery may help develop treatments for life-saving medications and improve our understanding of the relationship between pain and itch.
Researchers have developed a new method to measure electrical activity in neural networks, cardiac cells, and developing embryos using re-engineered optogenetic switches. This breakthrough allows for faster and more efficient screening of potential drugs for various cardiac diseases.
Bisphenol A, a widely used industrial chemical, has been shown to block essential calcium channels in human and mouse cells. This can lead to adverse effects on heart muscle contraction, enzyme activity, and nerve cell communication. The study suggests that alternatives to BPA should be developed to replace it in various products.
The study identifies two surface markers Flt1 and Flt4 on cardiovascular progenitor cells, allowing scientists to isolate and mature these cells into functional heart muscle cells. This breakthrough could revolutionize the treatment of heart disease by replacing lost cardiomyocytes.
A recent study published in Nature Medicine has identified a new cause of hydrocephalus, a devastating neurological disorder affecting newborn babies. By bypassing a faulty cell signaling defect with a drug treatment, researchers were able to reduce the severity of the condition and improve patient outcomes.
A new study suggests that chronic exposure to bright light at night can lead to depression-like behaviors, including decreased interest in sugar and pleasure seeking, and impaired cognitive function. Treatment with Prozac restored the mice's healthy moods and learning abilities.
A promising stem-cell-based approach has been successfully demonstrated in non-human primates, where transplanted spermatogonial stem cells produce functional sperm. Cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy often become infertile due to treatment damage, but preserving and transplanting SSCs may restore fertility.
A group of researchers has identified four specific transcription factor genes that control processes related to heart and head muscle formation. This basic research will provide a road map to ultimately allow scientists to grow the cell types needed to repair such defects from stem cells generated from a person's own body.
Researchers at Emory University have identified grid cells in rhesus monkeys' brains, which fire in repeating triangular patterns as they explore visual scenes. This finding has implications for understanding how humans form mental maps of the world and may help explain why disorientation is a common symptom of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found a large number of previously undescribed viruses in the gastrointestinal tract of monkeys with SIV-induced AIDS, suggesting these viruses may contribute to disease progression. The presence of RNA viruses alongside DNA viruses offers new insights into the complex interplay between microorganisms and disease.
Researchers found cells similar to mammalian neocortex in bird brains, contradicting long-held assumptions about their anatomy. The study opens up new animal models for studying the neocortex and its evolution.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have made a breakthrough in understanding how muscles regenerate and grow. By blocking the action of myostatin, a protein that suppresses muscle growth, they found that muscle mass can be increased significantly without the need for fully functional satellite cells.
A study by CNIO researchers finds that the rate of telomere shortening determines longevity in mammals. Individuals with slower telomere shortening tend to live longer, suggesting a new approach to predicting life expectancy.
A team of Japanese researchers found that using specific transcription factors and Sendai virus vectors can facilitate the differentiation of mouse pancreatic stem cells (mPSCs) into insulin-producing cells. The combination of Pdx-1, NeuroD, and MafA transcription factors showed the greatest impact on this process.
Scientists successfully applied gene therapy to restore a lost sense of smell in mice by repairing defective olfactory cells. The treatment increased appetite and body weight, highlighting the potential for this approach to treat cilia disorders elsewhere in the body.
Researchers discovered that injecting heat-generating cells into mice reduced visceral fat by 20% and converted existing belly fat cells into thermogenic cells. The study suggests a potential new therapy for obesity, targeting patients with aging-related visceral fat accumulation and those who cannot exercise or reduce calorie intake.
A genetic screen of roundworms identified two proteins required for the expansion of lipid droplets, which are associated with obesity and health hazards. The study reveals an anatomical link between these proteins and suggests that they act synergistically to allow cells to store more fat and expand lipid droplet size.
Researchers at MIT and HMS have precisely measured the growth rates of single cells, revealing that mammalian cells divide when their growth rate hits a specific threshold. This breakthrough offers a possible explanation for how cells determine when to start dividing.
Scientists have discovered a method to harness hydrogen peroxide's oxidizing property to switch on gene expression in live mammalian cells. The researchers designed a molecule that reacts with hydrogen peroxide and expresses the firefly luciferase gene, causing cells to glow.
Researchers identified a third type of fat cell, beige adipocytes, that can be activated to burn energy and generate heat in both mice and humans. Beige fat cells are genetically intermediate between white and brown fat, and respond to hormone irisin, which is released during exercise.
Researchers argue that changing tissue landscape promotes higher cancer rates in the elderly, rather than accumulating oncogenic mutations. Healthy cells in young bodies outcompete cells with cancerous mutations when conditions change.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have found a hormone that stimulates insulin secretion from islet cells and protects them against toxic factors. This discovery could lead to new prevention and treatment options for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Researchers genetically modified kidney cells to produce a protein that promotes cell growth and regeneration. The transplanted cells engrafted themselves into damaged kidneys, resulting in improved function and limited physical damage. This breakthrough has significant implications for the treatment of human kidney failure.
Scientists have developed a synthetic surface that allows adult-derived stem cells to thrive and transform into multiple cell types, including bone cells. Transplanting these bone cells into mice resulted in four times more new bone growth compared to without the extra bone cells.
Researchers at University of Edinburgh discovered an enzyme that corrects the most common mistake in mammalian DNA replication, including accidental incorporation of RNA. This discovery could have broad implications for autoimmunity and cancer research.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have discovered a new type of cell in mice that causes asthma symptoms even in the presence of steroids. Similar cells were found in humans with asthma, suggesting a possible target for new treatment options. Further research is needed to explore the role of these cells in human asthma.
Scientists develop technique to monitor protein phosphorylation in single living cells, revealing chemical changes over time. The method uses Fourier-transform infrared spectromicroscopy to analyze infrared radiation from a synchrotron light source without damaging cells.
Gladstone scientists have made a groundbreaking medical breakthrough in mice, transforming scar-forming cardiac cells into beating heart muscle. The research may have broad human-health implications and could provide an innovative alternative to heart transplants.
Researchers uncover two distinct cell types in the inferior temporal cortex that respond differently to familiar and novel objects. Excitatory neurons fire rapidly at initial encounters, while inhibitory neurons maintain activity over a wider timeframe, driving learning and reorganization.
A team led by Ralph Brinster at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine has successfully preserved spermatogonial stem cells in mice for over a decade, demonstrating their viability and ability to produce healthy offspring. The study provides promising evidence for a potential fertility treatment in humans, address...
Researchers from UT Southwestern Medical Center predicted and confirmed how E. coli bacteria hijack a cell's sense of direction by manipulating actin polymers. This study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms controlling disease-causing agents and normal mammalian cell behavior.