Articles tagged with Mammalian Cells
Researchers have designed a material that can encapsulate human islet cells before transplanting them, allowing patients to control their blood sugar levels without immunosuppressant drugs. In tests on mice, encapsulated human cells cured diabetes for up to six months.
A team of scientists has identified a unique immune mechanism, microptosis, that targets and kills intracellular parasites. This process involves the release of three proteins: perforin, granulysin, and granzymes, which work together to induce programmed cell death in both the parasite and infected host cells.
Scientists at Karolinska Institutet have identified a cell type in the brain's frontal lobes that is integral to attention. Parvalbumin-expressing neurons were found to reflect animals' level of attention, with high activity associated with attentive states and low activity with inattentive states.
Researchers discovered that a human protein called ANP32A helps the virus replicate in human cells. Understanding this mechanism may lead to the development of new antiviral treatments for seasonal flu and pandemics.
Researchers at the Allen Institute for Brain Science have developed a taxonomy of cells in the mouse visual cortex based on single-cell gene expression, identifying 42 neuronal and 7 non-neuronal cell types. This study provides a basic understanding of brain function by categorizing cellular building blocks.
Researchers propose a mathematical theory explaining grid cell activity, enabling precise representation of spatial position and direction. The framework combines population-vector decoding with grid scale progression to maximize spatial resolution.
Virginia Tech researchers have discovered that plasmacytoid dendritic cells do not contribute to late-stage lupus in mice, contradicting years of previous research. The study's findings suggest that pDCs are only involved in the initiation of lupus, rather than its progression.
Researchers at Duke University have discovered that umbilical cord tissue-derived cells produce molecules that promote the growth, connection, and survival of retinal neurons. The study identifies thrombospondins as key players in this process, with potential therapeutic applications for degenerative eye diseases.
Researchers found that human brains have a subset of cells that fire in response to inputs from both eyes, similar to those in rodents. This discovery suggests that humans have the best possible visual system, with primitive pathways allowing for quick spotting of danger and complex behaviors.
Recent genome engineering and gene editing breakthroughs will significantly impact biological system engineering, enabling more efficient production of drugs and other important products. Dr. Ryan Gill discusses the future directions and funding needs in the field.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified a crucial enzyme in maintaining telomere length. The discovery was made using a novel method called ADDIT, which found that ATM kinase plays a vital role in lengthening telomeres.
The study maps gene expression during early development of mice and common marmosets, pinpointing changes that regulate pluripotency. The complex network of gene regulation supporting pluripotency is analyzed, with implications for cell reprogramming and assisted conception.
Research by Rockefeller University scientists shows DNA strands increase mobility during repair, which may serve as a 'fail-safe mechanism'. This process is linked to chemotherapy and cancer treatment, and understanding its mechanisms could lead to new therapies.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet shows that the mouse heart generates a substantial number of muscle cells early in life, as does the human heart. After the neonatal period, the generation of new heart muscle cells stops and the heart growth mainly occurs by size increase of muscle cells.
Researchers found that grid cells integrate information about time and distance to support memory and spatial navigation, even without visual landmarks. The discovery suggests a broader role for the medial entorhinal cortex in coding locations, time, and distance.
A new study by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln has provided direct evidence that an algae-infecting virus can invade and replicate within some mammalian cells. The virus, known as Acanthocystis turfacea chlorella virus 1 (ATCV-1), successfully infiltrated macrophage cells in mice, causing changes characteristic of a viral infection.
Researchers at UCSB have made new discoveries about the signaling cascade necessary for phototransduction, allowing animals to detect light. The study reveals that XPORT-A and XPORT-B molecular chaperone proteins are critical for moving TRP channels to the cell surface.
Researchers discovered a new cell type that produces IL-9, amplifying anaphylactic shock in response to ingested food. The 'IL-9-producing mucosal mast cells' require the presence of specific immune cells and proteins to produce severe allergic reactions.
Researchers used integrated 'omics' approaches to analyze changes in proteins across different organs in young and old rats. They found that aging affects organs in strikingly different ways, with specific protein patterns related to the organ's unique cellular properties or function. The study suggests that aging is an organ-specific ...
Researchers found a location-dependent pattern in cilia length that affects sensitivity to odors, with cells in the front of the nose having longer, more sensitive cilia. The discovery may shed light on disorders of the senses and has implications for understanding other sensory systems.
Researchers found that humans and chimpanzees express different levels of proteins controlling facial development, including PAX3 and PAX7 genes affecting snout length and skin pigmentation. They also identified species-biased enhancer regions contributing to craniofacial differences.
A multinational team of scientists created the world's largest protein map, revealing tens of thousands of new protein interactions that account for about a quarter of all estimated protein contacts in a cell. The map is helping researchers spot individual proteins that could be at the root of complex human disorders.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a new method for making flu vaccines using cell culture, which could lead to faster and more efficient vaccine production. This technology could potentially replace traditional egg-based vaccine production methods, which are limited by avian influenza outbreaks.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have discovered that a yeast vacuole plays a vital role in initiating the cell-division cycle. The study's findings suggest a 'checkpoint mechanism' that prevents cell-cycle progression if essential organelles aren't present, which could lead to new insights into cancer treatment.
A new study on mice reveals how motion-sensing cells in the eye form synapses with interneurons, creating a unique delay that allows for accurate tracking of small moving objects. This delay enables the object motion sensors to distinguish between the motion of an object and its background.
Researchers at Monash University developed a new non-invasive image processing technique to visualize embryo formation, challenging the prevailing model of cell placement. This breakthrough offers potential for improving IVF success rates by selecting embryos with optimal inter-cellular forces.
Researchers at Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute used 'brainbow' technique to tag retinal ganglion cell terminals, revealing individual terminals from multiple cells in mature mouse brains. The study challenges traditional understanding of neural development and connections between the retina and brain.
Researchers have developed a 3D tissue scaffold for plants, enabling the observation of individual plant cells in a natural environment. The study reveals complex cell behavior, including cells clinging to and spiraling around their supports like vines.
A single molecular event in cells may hold the key to how mammals evolved intelligent brains. Alternative splicing (AS) enables cells to create more than one protein from a single gene, and researchers found that PTBP1 plays a crucial role in regulating AS events that lead to neuron development.
Scientists have developed a new technique to genetically engineer cells by inserting large DNA sequences at specific genomic sites. This method may be useful for producing high levels of proteins in mammalian cells.
Researchers developed a new method to map critical chemical tags on proteins, enabling better understanding of protein formation and function. The technique allows pinpointing phosphates' location and studying unstable amino acids like histidine.
Researchers at UC Davis and the University of Delaware discovered that chloroplast tubes play a key role in plants' immune defense. The discovery reveals how chloroplasts deliver signals to the nucleus, inducing programmed cell death and preparing other cells to resist infection.
A team of researchers has identified a specific neural circuit in the eye's retina that enables motion detection. This discovery could lead to the development of artificial retinas for people with vision loss. The study focused on mice, but similar cells are also found in other species, including humans.
Researchers at the Center for Genomic Regulation have identified a new mechanism that generates forces to drive cell movements during development, replacing previous theories of shape changes. This discovery contributes to understanding organ development and maintenance by highlighting the role of volume changes and programmed cell death.
A new study found that a low protein, high carbohydrate diet can provide similar benefits to calorie restriction in mice. The researchers compared three diets varying in protein-to-carbohydrate ratio and found that the low protein, high carbohydrate diet delivered better metabolic outcomes.
Researchers have discovered that telomeres are essential for the renewal of plant stem cells and growth. The study uses innovative technology to measure telomeres at the cellular level in plants, revealing a vital relationship between telomere length, stem cells, and longevity. This breakthrough has implications for developing novel th...
Researchers studied wild bearded capuchin monkeys cracking nuts using stone hammers and found they modulate strikes based on the condition of the nutshell. This sophisticated ability suggests a cognitive accomplishment.
Rudolf Jaenisch received the March of Dimes Developmental Biology Prize for establishing the basis of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. His research holds great promise in regenerative medicine, potentially treating human diseases such as sickle-cell anemia and Parkinson's disease.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine reveals breast milk's immune-boosting properties prevent necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a devastating intestinal disorder. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) blocks the activation of a protein responsible for NEC, promoting gut healing.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine found that grid cells in mice accumulate errors while navigating familiar spaces, which are corrected by border cells upon encountering a wall. This discovery supports the theory that these cells use sensory and motion data to construct internal maps.
Researchers found that honokiol reduces excess growth of cardiac muscle cells, decreases ventricular wall thickness, and protects heart muscle cells from oxidative stress. Honokiol activates SIRT3, a protective protein associated with delayed aging, stress resistance, and metabolic regulation.
Researchers created a highly efficient automated tool to deliver nanoparticles and other large cargo into mammalian cells at a rate of 100,000 cells per minute. This breakthrough enables new scientific research and potential medical applications, such as studying disease development and understanding cell responses.
A recent study by UC San Diego researchers found a correlation between CD33rSIGLEC gene copy number and maximum lifespan across 14 mammalian species. Mice lacking this gene also showed signs of accelerated aging and higher levels of reactive oxygen species.
Researchers at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine have discovered a method to increase the efficiency of precise genetic modifications using the CRISPR-Cas9 technique. By inhibiting a key enzyme, they achieved an eightfold increase in precision, paving the way for more accurate gene editing applications.
Researchers at RIKEN Brain Science Institute engineered fluorescent protein that rapidly assembles into large crystals in living cells. Cells actively targeted the crystals for degradation, a process known as autophagy, suggesting potential evolutionary pressure to discourage crystal formation.
Researchers found that M-MDSCs can inhibit both T cell and B cell proliferation, leading to improved symptoms in arthritic mice. The study suggests a potential role for M-MDSCs in treating autoimmune diseases like arthritis.
Researchers at the Technion have confirmed the biological purpose for the seemingly counterintuitive setup of photoreceptors and neurons in the human eye. The retina is optimized for vision purposes, with Müller glia cells concentrating light into photoreceptors.
The FANTOM5 project has discovered that the activation of enhancers triggers coordinated changes in gene expression, leading to dramatic cellular phenotypic changes. This understanding is crucial for understanding cell differentiation and human biology.
University of Groningen scientists have created a molecular sensor to measure crowding in living cells, allowing for the quantification of macromolecule concentrations. The sensor uses Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to detect changes in protein-protein interactions and provides valuable insights into cellular function.
Researchers propose a novel approach to cancer therapy by subtly hardening cancer cells to prevent metastasis. They've identified a compound, 4-HAP, that shows promise in fighting pancreatic cancer.
A Johns Hopkins study finds that protein BDNF maintains heart muscle vitality and may link depression to heart disease. The research suggests a possible biochemical explanation for the relationship between mental and physical well-being.
The study provides novel candidate genes for future studies on longevity and cancer resistance, while revealing physiological adaptations related to size in large whales. Researchers hope to apply these findings to humans to fight age-related diseases.
Researchers have sequenced the bowhead whale genome, identifying key genes related to longevity, cancer resistance, and DNA repair. Alterations in these genes may contribute to the whale's remarkable longevity and cancer resistance.
Scientists at EMBL have developed a new technique called SNAP-tagging that allows researchers to study nerves in mice with unprecedented detail. This approach uses artificial tags to visualize complex structures and enable the tracking of activity in individual neurons.
Researchers have identified neurons in the hippocampal formation that sense the direction of an animal's head and enable 3D navigation. This discovery supports the idea that these cells serve as a 3D neural compass.
Researchers at TSRI have identified Piezo2 as the primary mechanoreceptor protein mediating the sense of touch in mammals. Mice lacking Piezo2 lose sensitivity to ordinary light touch but retain pain-related touch sensitivity.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, used single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze gene expression in mouse embryos and found that a handful of genes are signaling to each other at the two-cell and four-cell stage. This discovery could provide insight into early miscarriages and birth defects.
Scientists uncover that newborn mice's ear rapidly regenerates lost supporting cells, preserving hearing. This discovery reveals a previously unknown ability and opens doors for finding new approaches to regenerate auditory cells and restore hearing in humans.
Researchers found that embryonic cloaca signaling determines genitalia structure, similar to location-based signals in real estate. This finding reveals a deep homology between mammalian and reptilian genitalia despite their non-homologous origins.
Using mouse embryonic stem cells, researchers have successfully reconstructed the early stage of mammalian development in a lab, showing that a critical mass of cells is needed for self-organisation into an embryo. This breakthrough allows for the creation of an axis and gastrulation-like movements, mimicking the process of embryonic d...