Articles tagged with Antibodies
A new study from Uppsala University reveals that a wide range of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in immune complexes from the joints can cause local inflammation and drive joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. This finding supports the suspicion that ACPAs are pathogenic by forming immune complexes in the joints.
A recent study published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases found that nearly a third of febrile patients in Northwest Ethiopia tested positive for dengue virus. The study identified key risk factors, including residence, occupation, and lack of mosquito net use, which can contribute to DENV infection.
A new index identifies individuals at risk for lupus by analyzing IgG, IgM antibodies and C1q levels in blood serum. The findings could help follow at-risk individuals and diagnose early lupus cases.
Antibodies against myeloperoxidase signal impending relapse in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis patients. Routine monitoring may help prevent disease flare-ups.
A team of scientists developed a mathematical model to analyze antibody levels in Thai patients, identifying a 'window of risk' for individuals who are more susceptible to severe forms of the disease. The study's findings offer new insights into dengue infection and may lead to closer monitoring and vaccination strategies.
Researchers found that IgG antibodies play a key role in the severity of anaphylactic shock by activating blood platelets. Platelet activation may be behind the process, leading to a drop in body temperature and reduced circulating platelet count.
Scientists have identified a common site on both viruses that renders them defenseless to the same antibodies, paving the way for broad-spectrum therapies. The findings provide molecular proof of an anecdotal observation and could lead to the development of a universal vaccine against multiple hemorrhagic fever viruses.
Researchers have identified and studied antibodies from human survivors of Ebola Bundibugyo that neutralize and protect against infection with several different Ebola virus species. The newly discovered antibodies bond at a different site on the Ebola virus than other antibodies currently used to develop Ebola therapies.
Researchers have developed a refined CAR-T therapy called SUPRA-CART that addresses the three major flaws of traditional CAR-T: target specificity, response strength, and adaptive capability. This new system allows for continuous alteration to target different types of cancer cells and can be deactivated in case of severe side effects.
Researchers have discovered a new form of DNA, called the i-motif, which forms in the nuclei of human cells. The i-motif is a four-stranded 'knot' that plays a crucial role in gene expression and cell life cycle.
A new study suggests that exposure to epsilon toxin, produced by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens, may play a role in the development of multiple sclerosis. Antibodies against the toxin were found in 43% of MS patients in the UK, compared to 16% of control group participants.
Research reveals that HIV-1 viruses transmitted from mother to child during delivery are more resistant to maternal antibodies than non-transmitted variants. A new vaccine aims to boost maternal antibody attack, reducing transmission risk during delivery.
Researchers found that soluble antibodies from B cells induce accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which inhibit antitumor immune response and worsen cancer outcomes. Targeting antibody production may slow down tumor progression.
Researchers at Garvan Institute of Medical Research found that a population of 'bad' antibodies, usually silenced due to harm to the body, can be activated to fight disease. The 'redeemed' antibodies become powerful weapons to combat diseases evading the immune system by disguising themselves as normal body tissue.
Researchers discovered a new mechanism by which live vaccines induce immunity through TLR8 recognition. This triggers protective immune responses and improves vaccine safety and efficacy. The study's findings have the potential to develop new vaccines combining the benefits of live and modern subunit vaccines.
Researchers found that IgA1 antibodies can protect against flu viruses through two mechanisms: acquired immunity and innate immunity via sialic acids. This discovery could lead to more effective flu vaccines and treatments.
A new serological test developed by Brazilian scientists detects antibodies against Zika virus in blood serum with high specificity, outperforming existing tests. The test aims to improve prevention policies for pregnant women and provide more accurate diagnoses.
Researchers at WashU Medicine have developed an antibody that targets APOE protein, leading to the removal of amyloid plaques from mouse brains. This breakthrough could potentially halt brain damage triggered by plaques in early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
Scientists have discovered a human antibody, CIS43, that protects against malaria better than any previous antibody, and identified a unique binding site on the malaria parasite's surface protein. This could lead to new pathways for malaria prevention, potentially offering an effective vaccine or direct infusion therapy.
Researchers have discovered a promising approach to treating multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae infections using antibodies that target the bacterial capsule polysaccharide. This method enhances the ability of immune system cells to kill the bacteria, providing a potential alternative to antibiotics.
A new study using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) delivery vectors found that ZMapp antibodies administered to mice resulted in 100% protection against Ebola infection. The study also compared different doses and routes of administration, with the best results achieved using a single rAAV-delivered antibody.
Scientists at Iowa State University have used leftover blood donor cells to gain insights into how natural killer cells interact with antibodies. They found that the carbohydrate modifications on these cells result in higher affinity, potentially leading to improved antibody therapies.
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz have identified a promising route for designing an effective vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The study focused on the RSV G glycoprotein and found that protective antibodies target specific sites on the protein, which can induce an immune response.
A new study found that phosphorylation of IRE1 regulates its RIDD function, which is critical for antibody production in response to immunization. The research provides deeper understanding of the ER stress response and its implications in various human pathological conditions.
A new blood test for Zika virus can detect the virus up to 8 weeks after infection, providing a powerful tool for screening pregnant women and adults. The test, called ZIKV-NS2B-concat ELISA, is faster, less expensive, and more accurate than existing options, with rates of false positives and false negatives of less than 5%.
Researchers discovered that gut bacteria stimulate serum IgA responses that offer protection against bacterial sepsis. The study found mice with Proteobacteria-rich microbiota survived longer after sepsis, while those without IgA antibodies died quickly.
Researchers identified four new antibodies that bind to RSV's F protein, inhibiting the virus's ability to fuse with human cells. These findings could aid in vaccine development for two major viruses: RSV and its close relative hMPV.
Researchers at NYU Dentistry have adapted an HIV test to create a rapid diagnostic test for Zika virus using saliva. The new test can detect both nucleic acids and antibodies of the virus in a fraction of the time of current commercial tests, producing results in minutes instead of hours or days.
New research suggests that immune history with flu plays a significant role in vaccine effectiveness, rather than egg adaptations. The study found that antibodies produced from previous encounters with flu tend to take precedence over new vaccinations, making the vaccine less protective for those with a history of infection.
A new study found that antibodies stimulate a molecule in muscle to keep nerves attached, preserving neuromuscular synapses and slowing disease progression in a mouse model of aggressive ALS. The treatment extended the lifespan of ALS mice and improved function of critical breathing muscles.
Scientists have developed a way to identify biomarkers for a wide range of diseases by assessing the antibodies we are making to the complex sugars coating our cells. The new Luminex Multiplex Glycan Array enables rapid analysis of patient samples and glycans, potentially leading to early disease detection and diagnosis.
Researchers have developed a new method using yeast to create camelid-free antibodies, allowing for faster and more efficient protein structure determination. This breakthrough enables scientists to study complex proteins without the need for llama or alpaca facilities.
Researchers have discovered that human antibodies can prevent malaria spread by destroying parasites in mosquitoes and preventing fertilization. This finding holds promise for developing a vaccine to halt the disease's transmission, which could significantly reduce global malaria burden.
Researchers have developed a method for marking dividing stem cells with three different labels, increasing accuracy and speed of analysis. This allows study of new populations of stem cells, including those in the brain and other tissues.
A study published in Pediatric Transplantation found that detecting and treating dnDSA early can decrease antibody levels by 76% and prevent graft failure. However, the treatment came at a price: increased hospitalization rates for infection.
A Tel Aviv University study proposes a novel approach to manipulate genes using a self-assembling platform that delivers nucleic acids to distinct cell subsets. The platform shows promise in treating autoimmune diseases and cancer by targeting specific cells and reducing inflammation.
Emory immunologist Max Cooper and Dr. Jacques Miller are recognized for deciphering the two types of lymphocyte lineages involved in adaptive immunity, laying the groundwork for understanding nearly all fields touched by immunology. Their discoveries have fueled advancements in anti-cancer drugs and treatments for autoimmune diseases.
Researchers at Aarhus University have found a new mechanism by which an antibody can prevent allergic reactions, including those caused by birch pollen and insect venom. The antibody interferes with the binding of IgE molecules to immune cells, thereby eliminating allergic symptoms.
A new study published in mBio found that people with higher levels of anti-HA stem antibodies have less viral shedding when they get the flu, but do not have fewer or less severe signs of illness. The study suggests that these antibody levels are not independent predictors of whether someone becomes sick or how severely.
A new assay has been developed to detect HIV antibodies in oral fluid, showing high sensitivity and specificity. This assay may enable early diagnosis of HIV infection in populations at risk, potentially improving public health efforts.
Researchers successfully developed antibodies that disabled the Plasmodium vivax malaria parasite from infecting humans by hijacking a protein crucial for iron delivery. The discovery solved a decades-long mystery and brings the world closer to a potential effective vaccine against P.vivax malaria.
Researchers found that a vaccine inducing killer T cells provides broader protection for children of vaccinated mothers. The vaccine prevents the immune system from producing antibodies specific to the virus and induces protective killer T cells that can recognize and attack the virus.
Scientists at UTHealth and UT Health San Antonio are developing an innovative antibody-based drug to stem the spread of breast cancer to bone, linked to reduced survival rates. The goal is to create a less toxic treatment and reduce deaths tied to breast cancer's spread.
Researchers developed an experimental heroin vaccine that induces antibodies blocking the drug's effects, preventing euphoria and addictive properties. The vaccine appears to dampen the impact of heroin at high doses, potentially preventing overdose. Antibodies induced by the vaccine do not cross-react with therapies for opioid misuse.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE and American Journal of Pathology suggests that Lyme bacteria can survive a 28-day course of antibiotics for months after infection. The study found living B. burgdorferi spirochetes in ticks and multiple organs of primates treated with doxycycline, as well as persistent infections in some subjects.
A study of 142 women and 12 men found an association between maternal immune response to the Y-linked protein NLGN4Y and sexual orientation in male offspring. Higher antibody concentrations were detected in mothers of homosexual sons compared to those with heterosexual sons or no sons.
Researchers say new diagnostic methods can accurately detect Lyme disease earlier, improving patient outcomes and avoiding severe long-term health problems. The improved tests are less susceptible to false-positive or false-negative results associated with current antibody-based tests.
Researchers from Helmholtz Munich used computer analysis to study IgG antibodies and reveal new steps in the glycosylation pathway. The findings confirmed predictions made by an algorithm and were replicated using genome-wide association studies and laboratory experiments.
Researchers at the German Cancer Research Center found that natural infection with malaria induces a strong immune response, producing antibodies that protect mice from infection. The study's findings will help develop more effective and specific vaccines against the disease.
Scientists provide detailed picture of how human antibodies bind to malaria parasite's circumsporozoite protein, a key target for vaccine development. The study could lead to enhanced efficacy and duration of protection against malaria.
Scientists have developed Trim-Away, a novel method that directly and quickly depletes proteins from any cell type. This technique utilizes a protein called Trim21 to recognize antibodies directed against specific cellular proteins, allowing researchers to study their function in natural environment.
A recent study by La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology reveals that dengue immunity can confer protection against Zika virus. Cytotoxic T-cells have been identified as crucial in defending against both viruses, suggesting that vaccines targeting either dengue or Zika could be effective.
A new study found that a mutation in the H3N2 strain of the virus is responsible for the low efficacy of last year's influenza vaccine. The team suggests investing in new technologies to produce egg-free vaccines, while emphasizing the importance of annual flu vaccination.
Researchers at the University of Louisville discovered a new autoimmune disease that causes kidney failure, dubbed anti-brush border antibody (ABBA) disease. The disease was identified after analyzing biopsied kidney tissue from patients with acute kidney injury, and it affects the nephrons' brush borders by coating them with antibodies.
A new study in Nicaraguan children pinpoints a narrow window of antibody levels that enhances reaction to severe dengue, shedding light on the long-standing phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The findings hold important implications for vaccine development against dengue and related flaviviruses like Zika.
Researchers found that blocking IL-17A and IL-17F significantly reduces symptoms of severe allergic asthma in mice. The study suggests a new potential treatment for people with this condition, by preventing the production of pro-inflammatory molecules triggered by T-helper cells.
Scientists have discovered that weak binding between antibodies and biological gels like mucus is more effective in trapping pathogens, making it a stronger first line of defense. This finding has the potential to revolutionize the treatment and prevention of various diseases by providing new targets for engineered antibodies.
A study published in Nature Immunology has found that a specific type of immune cell, called T follicular regulatory cells, plays a crucial role in preventing autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus after viral infections. These cells prevent the generation of self-reactive antibody responses whil...
A newly-developed dipstick test sensitively identified Zika virus and all four dengue virus subtypes with no cross-reactivity. The test detected viral proteins at lower concentrations, making it a potential tool for diagnosing emerging pathogens.
A new paper-based test developed by MIT researchers can diagnose Zika infection within 20 minutes, accurately distinguishing it from Dengue virus. The test uses antibodies specific to Zika virus's NS1 protein, avoiding false positives common with existing tests.