Articles tagged with Neural Networks
Researchers studied a simple three-cell network within the roundworm brain and found that the collective state of the neurons determines the likelihood of movement towards an odor. The study suggests that nervous systems have internal patterns of activity that are as important as external signals in generating behaviors.
Researchers at the Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience will investigate a newly discovered circuit in the visual cortex using novel imaging technologies. The project aims to understand how this circuit processes visual information and interacts with other neural circuits.
Researchers have discovered how light disrupts biological clocks and propose a two-day recovery time for jet lag. They found that weakening synchronization among neurons governed by circadian patterns enables rapid adaptation to new time zones.
Researchers at NYU have developed a method to identify functional groupings of neurons based on co-fluctuation of their responses, revealing that prefrontal cortex neurons are organized into spatially contiguous maps.
Neurons in the brain form a complex network of connections, with most links being weak. However, those that connect similar cells are strongly coupled, influencing activity and potentially aiding learning and adaptation.
A research team at McGill University has identified a complex of neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex that interact to filter visual information while ignoring distractions. The discovery has far-reaching implications for understanding diseases such as autism, ADHD, and schizophrenia.
Researchers found that newer generation of deep neural networks can identify visual objects as accurately as the primate brain. The success suggests neuroscientists have a fairly accurate grasp of how object recognition works, which could lead to better artificial intelligence and new ways to repair visual dysfunction.
Researchers found glial cells transmit information to neurons through a specific protein fragment, influencing neural cross-talk. Disruption of this flow affects learning and sensory input processing, leading to behavioral changes.
A team of scientists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz uncovered a new signal pathway in the brain that plays a crucial role in learning and sensory input processing. Glial cells release a specific protein fragment that influences neuronal cross-talk, leading to changes in neural networks.
Researchers aimed to control harmful signals in strokes by understanding neural excitation pulses. The study found that non-local couplings can produce various spatio-temporal patterns, including acceleration, deceleration, and suppression of pulses.
Researchers at Imperial College London have discovered the mechanisms behind 'Mexican waves' in the brain, which play a key role in cognitive function. The study sheds light on how inhibitory neurons use different communication processes to excitatory neurons.
Researchers created a three-dimensional model of a single neuron to study its electrical properties. The study found that changes in cell morphology affect hyper-excitability, highlighting a new relationship between cellular dysfunction and structural integrity.
Researchers created a microtube platform to study neuron growth and repair, providing insights into treatments for degenerative neurological conditions. The microtubes accelerate nerve cell growth up to 20 times faster than across gaps.
A UMD-led research team will investigate how large networks of neurons process sensory information, focusing on the auditory cortex. The goal is to identify key groups of neurons that change over time and develop new imaging technologies and data analysis techniques.
New Tel Aviv University research reveals a single-neuron 'hub' orchestrates the activity of an entire brain circuit. The study finds that timely activation of cells is fundamental for proper operation of hub neurons, which orchestrate entire network dynamics.
A researcher will investigate multifunctional and specialized spinal cord nerve cells that control leg movements. The goal is to understand the organization of normal spinal cord circuits for different types of limb movements.
Virtual reality interface devices reorganize brain neural networks in patients with chronic stroke and cerebral palsy, improving hand function and balance. This application enhances the quality of life for individuals with neurological diseases.
Researchers develop a protein that facilitates control of nerve cells by light, increasing sensitivity and enabling precise activation of selected cells. This technology, called optogenetics, holds promise for studying diseases like epilepsy and Parkinson's.
Researchers found that the circadian clock network in fruit flies consists of many independent clocks, each driving activity rhythms. This organization may also apply to mammals, with implications for alleviating adverse effects associated with circadian disorders.
Researchers developed a new technique using spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) to measure human neural networks, showing how neurons grow, organize, and transport materials. The study provides insights into the formation of neural networks and could lead to advancements in understanding diseases like Alzheimer's.
Researchers developed a mouse whole-brain atlas that maps hundreds of neuronal pathways in the cerebral cortex, revealing a highly organized network consisting of eight subnetworks. This study provides an invaluable resource for researchers studying cortical networks and their role in regulating thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
A study published in Neuron reveals a connection between genes controlling neuronal excitability and working memory, psychiatric disease, and brain activity. The researchers identified a network of genes that plays a crucial role in human brain function, highlighting the importance of understanding its dysfunction in schizophrenia.
A study published in the Journal of Neuroscience found that monkeys fed a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids had brains with highly connected and well-organized neural networks. This similarity is remarkable, especially when compared to human brains using the same imaging techniques.
A new study published in PNAS found that recording the activity of just 50 neurons can accurately capture the behavior of larger neural networks. This challenges decades-long research on response time and accumulator models in psychology and neuroscience.
A new headpiece design could improve a depression treatment by allowing researchers to hit finer targets in the brain, up to twice as deep as today's systems. The system uses computer simulations and metamaterials to reduce pain and increase effectiveness.
Researchers found a widespread neural network responsible for human imagery manipulations, resembling the 'mental workspace' theorized to facilitate creative thinking and problem-solving. The discovery may help advance artificial intelligence by understanding how humans create new ideas and think flexibly.
Researchers found that embryonic nerve cells use two versions of a signaling molecule to determine which end is the axon and which is the dendrite. This discovery could help improve therapies for spinal cord injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers developed a neuromorphic system that can carry out complex sensorimotor tasks in real time, exhibiting cognitive abilities. The system combines artificial neurons into networks that implemented neural processing modules, closely resembling mammalian brain structures.
Eve Marder's pioneering work in understanding the nervous system has helped redefine how we think about neurons and their capabilities. Her research using crustaceans has also shed light on conditions like depression, showing that imbalances in neuromodulation are key factors.
Researchers have discovered a push-pull system in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that allows the biological clock to adjust to changes in day/night cycles. The system uses neurotransmitters GABA and VIP to synchronize neurons and maintain accuracy within minutes of the day.
Dr. Peter Williamson's research reveals distinct neural networks affected by different psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. The study uses advanced imaging techniques to uncover differences between patients and healthy individuals.
Researchers from Queen Mary University of London used complex networks to map human brain connections, finding symmetrical neurons may drive synchronized activity across distant regions. This breakthrough adds to recent findings on neural network growth and development.
Bozhi Tian has been selected as a 2013 Searle Scholar for his innovative research on single-neuron dynamics and bioelectric circuits. He will use the grant to develop silicon-based biomaterials, with a long-term goal of understanding neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers isolated and ablated neurons expressing TRPM8 protein, which senses cold temperatures in the skin. Mice without these neurons couldn't feel cold but still responded to heat and touch, shedding light on pain treatment advancements.
Researchers discovered that evolution produces modules due to their few and short network connections, which are costly to build and maintain. This finding will help evolve artificial intelligence, enabling robot brains to acquire animal-like grace and cunning.
Researchers discovered that brain connections in the vision-processing center can be strengthened by acetylcholine, allowing animals to associate visual cues with rewards. The study found that nerve cells in the primary visual cortex develop molecular memories, enabling animals to predict rewarding outcomes.
Researchers identified ADF and cofilin as crucial proteins in the shape change of young brain cells, enabling them to develop connections with other cells. The study found that these proteins facilitate neurite formation, which is essential for brain development and regeneration.
Researchers aim to build cognitive reserve in MS patients by engaging in intellectually stimulating activities, such as reading and puzzle-solving, using iPads. The one-year pilot project will examine improvements in cognitive performance and correlations with changes in neural networks.
Researchers have developed a novel methodology called NET-fMRI to map widespread neural networks activated by local events. The study reveals that short periods of recurrent ripples in the brain are closely associated with reproducible cortical activations and extensive activity suppression in other brain structures.
Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute have successfully transplanted human stem cell-derived neurons into a rodent hippocampus, stimulating existing neurons to fire high-frequency oscillations. This breakthrough may lead to the restoration of brain activity and motor function in patients with neurodegenerative condi...
Researchers scanned the brains of 12 freestyle rap artists to study their brain activity during improvisation. The findings show that freestyling increases brain activity in areas responsible for motivation, language, and emotion, allowing for a unique flow of thoughts and words.
A new study reveals that the primary cilium plays a crucial role in guiding interneurons to their correct locations during brain development. This navigation system is disrupted in individuals with Joubert syndrome, a rare neurological disorder linked to autism spectrum disorders and brain structure malformations.
A study led by Anthony Jack from Case Western Reserve University shows that the brain fires up one network for empathy and suppresses another for analysis, limiting their simultaneous use. This finding suggests established theories about two competing networks in the brain must be revised.
Pitt researchers find neurons wire and fire together in clusters to dominate brain activity, with weak stimuli triggering imbalance. The model shows how clustered connections influence stochastic brain dynamics, shedding light on the brain's default spontaneous state.
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have determined the complete wiring diagram for the male roundworm's nervous system controlling mating. The study reveals that 144 neurons are involved in mating, with over 8,000 synapses connecting them to 64 muscles.
Researchers at KAIST used triangular shapes to guide axon growth in a dish, finding that smaller vertices were more effective in inducing growth. The study aims to develop a reproducible neural circuit model for learning and memory studies as well as drug screening applications.
Researchers have gained a better understanding of how precise memories are formed through the study of inhibitory neurons. The discovery sheds light on the neurobiological basis of memory problems in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, and could potentially lead to new treatments.
Two studies published in Neuron have developed groundbreaking models that predict the landscape of degeneration in various forms of dementia. The models, which focus on structural and functional connectivity networks, suggest that dementias target specific networks of neurons linked by connectivity rather than spatial proximity.
Researchers found that Alzheimer's disease and other dementias spread within nerve networks by moving directly between connected neurons. The study used magnetic resonance imaging research to predict the course of dementias based on a nerve region's connectivity to a disease hot spot.
A team led by University of Miami professor Akira Chiba has developed a novel methodology to examine protein-protein interactions in the fruit fly, allowing for the creation of a point-by-point map of these interactions. This breakthrough uses custom-built 3D FLIM imaging technology to visualize protein associations in live cells.
Researchers have developed a method to reconstruct neural networks in detail, using computer programs KNOSSOS and RESCOP. The team successfully mapped over 100 neurons from the retina with high accuracy, reducing the time required compared to previous methods.
Researchers at Caltech created an artificial neural network out of DNA, exhibiting brain-like behavior by recalling memories based on incomplete patterns. The DNA-based neural network consists of four artificial neurons made from 112 distinct DNA strands and demonstrated correct responses in a mind-reading game.
Researchers create a chip that connects neurons with electronics, enabling them to study complex neural networks and their behavior. The device reveals patterns in bigger networks of neurons, showing hierarchical structures and suggesting new approaches for artificial intelligence and neurology.
Na Zhu, a PhD student at Wayne State University, has received the American Tinnitus Association Student Research Grant Program award. Her innovative 3D diagnostic system aims to pinpoint neural network activities in the brain's auditory structure.
Two new studies show that light exposure enhances the brain's ability to organize nerve endings from each eye, leading to improved sorting of visual signals. Researchers discovered that a specific type of light-sensitive cell plays a crucial role in this process.
A team at the University of Pittsburgh has created living models of brain cells that can transmit electrical impulses and remain active for extended periods, providing a new view on memory formation. This work reveals the intricate connections between neurons and offers insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying memory creation.
Researchers at the University of Louisville have achieved significant breakthroughs in treating paraplegia through epidural spinal cord stimulation and extensive locomotor training. The study's results, published in The Lancet, show that a paralyzed man can stand, step, and move his legs voluntarily with assistance.
A team of scientists has achieved a significant breakthrough in treating paralysis, allowing a paralyzed man to stand and take steps with assistance. The study uses epidural electrical stimulation to mimic brain signals, enabling the spinal cord's neural network to initiate movement.
Researchers have analyzed the physical and chemical properties of memristors using highly focused x-rays, providing a detailed insight into their behavior. This study is crucial for understanding how memristors work, which will lead to novel applications in semi-autonomous robots and complex electronic circuits.
A new computational model analyzes any type of complex network, revealing critical points for controlling the entire system. Researchers found sparse networks require more nodes to control, while dense networks need fewer. The algorithm offers potential applications in reprogramming adult cells and identifying new drug targets.