Articles tagged with Neural Networks
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A new headpiece design could improve a depression treatment by allowing researchers to hit finer targets in the brain, up to twice as deep as today's systems. The system uses computer simulations and metamaterials to reduce pain and increase effectiveness.
Researchers found a widespread neural network responsible for human imagery manipulations, resembling the 'mental workspace' theorized to facilitate creative thinking and problem-solving. The discovery may help advance artificial intelligence by understanding how humans create new ideas and think flexibly.
Researchers found that embryonic nerve cells use two versions of a signaling molecule to determine which end is the axon and which is the dendrite. This discovery could help improve therapies for spinal cord injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers developed a neuromorphic system that can carry out complex sensorimotor tasks in real time, exhibiting cognitive abilities. The system combines artificial neurons into networks that implemented neural processing modules, closely resembling mammalian brain structures.
Eve Marder's pioneering work in understanding the nervous system has helped redefine how we think about neurons and their capabilities. Her research using crustaceans has also shed light on conditions like depression, showing that imbalances in neuromodulation are key factors.
Researchers have discovered a push-pull system in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that allows the biological clock to adjust to changes in day/night cycles. The system uses neurotransmitters GABA and VIP to synchronize neurons and maintain accuracy within minutes of the day.
Dr. Peter Williamson's research reveals distinct neural networks affected by different psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. The study uses advanced imaging techniques to uncover differences between patients and healthy individuals.
Researchers from Queen Mary University of London used complex networks to map human brain connections, finding symmetrical neurons may drive synchronized activity across distant regions. This breakthrough adds to recent findings on neural network growth and development.
Bozhi Tian has been selected as a 2013 Searle Scholar for his innovative research on single-neuron dynamics and bioelectric circuits. He will use the grant to develop silicon-based biomaterials, with a long-term goal of understanding neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers isolated and ablated neurons expressing TRPM8 protein, which senses cold temperatures in the skin. Mice without these neurons couldn't feel cold but still responded to heat and touch, shedding light on pain treatment advancements.
Researchers discovered that evolution produces modules due to their few and short network connections, which are costly to build and maintain. This finding will help evolve artificial intelligence, enabling robot brains to acquire animal-like grace and cunning.
Researchers discovered that brain connections in the vision-processing center can be strengthened by acetylcholine, allowing animals to associate visual cues with rewards. The study found that nerve cells in the primary visual cortex develop molecular memories, enabling animals to predict rewarding outcomes.
Researchers identified ADF and cofilin as crucial proteins in the shape change of young brain cells, enabling them to develop connections with other cells. The study found that these proteins facilitate neurite formation, which is essential for brain development and regeneration.
Researchers aim to build cognitive reserve in MS patients by engaging in intellectually stimulating activities, such as reading and puzzle-solving, using iPads. The one-year pilot project will examine improvements in cognitive performance and correlations with changes in neural networks.
Researchers have developed a novel methodology called NET-fMRI to map widespread neural networks activated by local events. The study reveals that short periods of recurrent ripples in the brain are closely associated with reproducible cortical activations and extensive activity suppression in other brain structures.
Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute have successfully transplanted human stem cell-derived neurons into a rodent hippocampus, stimulating existing neurons to fire high-frequency oscillations. This breakthrough may lead to the restoration of brain activity and motor function in patients with neurodegenerative condi...
Researchers scanned the brains of 12 freestyle rap artists to study their brain activity during improvisation. The findings show that freestyling increases brain activity in areas responsible for motivation, language, and emotion, allowing for a unique flow of thoughts and words.
A new study reveals that the primary cilium plays a crucial role in guiding interneurons to their correct locations during brain development. This navigation system is disrupted in individuals with Joubert syndrome, a rare neurological disorder linked to autism spectrum disorders and brain structure malformations.
A study led by Anthony Jack from Case Western Reserve University shows that the brain fires up one network for empathy and suppresses another for analysis, limiting their simultaneous use. This finding suggests established theories about two competing networks in the brain must be revised.
Pitt researchers find neurons wire and fire together in clusters to dominate brain activity, with weak stimuli triggering imbalance. The model shows how clustered connections influence stochastic brain dynamics, shedding light on the brain's default spontaneous state.
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have determined the complete wiring diagram for the male roundworm's nervous system controlling mating. The study reveals that 144 neurons are involved in mating, with over 8,000 synapses connecting them to 64 muscles.
Researchers at KAIST used triangular shapes to guide axon growth in a dish, finding that smaller vertices were more effective in inducing growth. The study aims to develop a reproducible neural circuit model for learning and memory studies as well as drug screening applications.
Researchers have gained a better understanding of how precise memories are formed through the study of inhibitory neurons. The discovery sheds light on the neurobiological basis of memory problems in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, and could potentially lead to new treatments.
Researchers found that Alzheimer's disease and other dementias spread within nerve networks by moving directly between connected neurons. The study used magnetic resonance imaging research to predict the course of dementias based on a nerve region's connectivity to a disease hot spot.
Two studies published in Neuron have developed groundbreaking models that predict the landscape of degeneration in various forms of dementia. The models, which focus on structural and functional connectivity networks, suggest that dementias target specific networks of neurons linked by connectivity rather than spatial proximity.
A team led by University of Miami professor Akira Chiba has developed a novel methodology to examine protein-protein interactions in the fruit fly, allowing for the creation of a point-by-point map of these interactions. This breakthrough uses custom-built 3D FLIM imaging technology to visualize protein associations in live cells.
Researchers have developed a method to reconstruct neural networks in detail, using computer programs KNOSSOS and RESCOP. The team successfully mapped over 100 neurons from the retina with high accuracy, reducing the time required compared to previous methods.
Researchers at Caltech created an artificial neural network out of DNA, exhibiting brain-like behavior by recalling memories based on incomplete patterns. The DNA-based neural network consists of four artificial neurons made from 112 distinct DNA strands and demonstrated correct responses in a mind-reading game.
Researchers create a chip that connects neurons with electronics, enabling them to study complex neural networks and their behavior. The device reveals patterns in bigger networks of neurons, showing hierarchical structures and suggesting new approaches for artificial intelligence and neurology.
Na Zhu, a PhD student at Wayne State University, has received the American Tinnitus Association Student Research Grant Program award. Her innovative 3D diagnostic system aims to pinpoint neural network activities in the brain's auditory structure.
Two new studies show that light exposure enhances the brain's ability to organize nerve endings from each eye, leading to improved sorting of visual signals. Researchers discovered that a specific type of light-sensitive cell plays a crucial role in this process.
A team at the University of Pittsburgh has created living models of brain cells that can transmit electrical impulses and remain active for extended periods, providing a new view on memory formation. This work reveals the intricate connections between neurons and offers insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying memory creation.
A team of scientists has achieved a significant breakthrough in treating paralysis, allowing a paralyzed man to stand and take steps with assistance. The study uses epidural electrical stimulation to mimic brain signals, enabling the spinal cord's neural network to initiate movement.
Researchers at the University of Louisville have achieved significant breakthroughs in treating paraplegia through epidural spinal cord stimulation and extensive locomotor training. The study's results, published in The Lancet, show that a paralyzed man can stand, step, and move his legs voluntarily with assistance.
Researchers have analyzed the physical and chemical properties of memristors using highly focused x-rays, providing a detailed insight into their behavior. This study is crucial for understanding how memristors work, which will lead to novel applications in semi-autonomous robots and complex electronic circuits.
A new computational model analyzes any type of complex network, revealing critical points for controlling the entire system. Researchers found sparse networks require more nodes to control, while dense networks need fewer. The algorithm offers potential applications in reprogramming adult cells and identifying new drug targets.
A team of researchers used a virtual computer model, called DISCERN, to simulate excessive dopamine release in the brain, revealing distinctly schizophrenic-like memory recall. The study supports the hyperlearning hypothesis and provides insights into how neural networks can help understand human schizophrenia.
Researchers at the University of California and Germany have developed light-sensing modules to attach to neuronal molecules, allowing for real-time study of complex cascades. This breakthrough enables selective activation of individual classes of molecules, paving the way for new treatments for vision impairments.
Researchers have identified a protein that corrects errors in the brain's neuronal connections during development. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) helps eliminate incorrect connections, establishing proper specificity in the cerebellum and potentially contributing to neurological disorders like autism.
A new connection can significantly enhance the size of a network, according to researchers from Max Planck Institute. By tracing link by link, scientists found that after a certain number of new links, a sudden growth spurt occurs, leading to a dramatic increase in network size.
Researchers used a transgenic mouse model to visualize the most active neurons in the neocortex, finding that they act like a small population of highly connected individuals on Facebook. This discovery could lead to a better understanding of the brain's center of higher learning and its role in learning.
Brain cells need to create links early on in their existence to ensure successful connections across the brain. This is demonstrated through computer analysis of nerve cell connectivity patterns in roundworms, showing that most neurons develop long-distance connections by being physically close together.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have made a groundbreaking discovery that mechanical stress is instrumental in several key phenomena in neuronal development. The team used insect cells, including those from the desert locust, to build an in vitro nervous system and observe how neurons form a network.
Gladstone scientists discovered a process by which Alzheimer's disease spreads through the brain, starting in vulnerable regions like the entorhinal cortex. The study suggests targeting this region could be an effective therapeutic approach.
A team of chemists used artificial neural networks to analyze tea leaves' mineral content and identify the type of tea. The technique achieved a high accuracy rate, allowing for clear differentiation between white, green, black, Oolong, and red tea varieties.
Valentin Dragoi, a UTHealth neuroscientist, has won the prestigious NIH Director's Pioneer Award to study how the brain processes information and develop new technologies to monitor neural activity in naturalistic environments. This award will support his high-impact approach to understanding major challenges in biomedical research.
Researchers successfully used a specialized fluorescent protein to visualize electrical activity in living mice, allowing them to study brain function and behavior in real-time. The 'cameleon' protein enables measurement of action potentials without electrodes, providing insights into neural networks and brain circuitry.
Research reveals that sleep triggers cellular changes that promote memory formation, involving the NMDAR molecule. The brain undergoes significant reorganization during sleep to strengthen neural connections.
Researchers have discovered a molecular process that controls the growth of nerve cells, allowing them to form complex extensions for signal transmission. The study highlights the importance of Nedd4-1 enzyme in regulating cytoskeleton structure and ensuring normal dendrite growth.
The Math1 gene controls the framework for perceiving external and internal body parts, including proprioception, interoception, hearing, balance, and arousal. This discovery has implications for understanding automatic movement and responses to internal and external stimuli.
Using synthetic evolution, researchers created a simple state-dependent model for sodium channels that provides accurate behavior on short time scales and out to several seconds. This breakthrough helps scientists understand the important details about how the brain works.
A team of researchers at Washington University in St. Louis has discovered that individual cells isolated from the biological clock can keep a 24-hour rhythm, but they are unreliable on their own. The cells must communicate with each other to establish a coherent daily cycle.
Researchers developed a neural network system to classify music genres, such as cha-cha-cha, jive, and tango, with varying degrees of success. The approach combines the strengths of two existing methods and uses a neural network to analyze beat and tempo, outperforming other classification techniques.
Valentin Dragoi, a neurobiology expert at UT Medical School at Houston, has been awarded a four-year, $1.2 million grant to study the signals of populations of neurons in different regions of the cerebral cortex. The project aims to understand how neuronal networks operate in both normal and dysfunctional states.
Researchers develop modified recurrent Hopfield neural network to quickly process images, reducing distortion, noise and blurring. The approach shows significant improvement in image quality by 39-67% and takes half the time of other methods.
Research reveals hypnosis induces disconnection of motor commands from normal voluntary processes through executive control and self-image circuits. The study used fMRI to test neural effects of hypnotic paralysis on brain activity, finding enhanced activation of the precuneus region involved in memory and self-imaging.
Researchers identify specific brain regions affected by each disease, suggesting a common disease process among all forms of neurodegeneration. The discovery could lead to earlier diagnoses and novel treatment-monitoring strategies.
Studies using brain imaging have identified distinct regional vulnerabilities within five intrinsic networks, suggesting a class-wide phenomenon of network degeneration. These findings support the hypothesis that spatial patterning of disease relates to structural or physiological aspects of neural network biology.
A study by IDIBAPS reveals that prefrontal cortex activation improves working memory by reinforcing parietal cortex activity, enhancing short-term visual information retention. This innovative view opens up new research avenues, particularly for understanding and treating diseases affecting working memory.
The study reveals a mechanism in the brain's neuronal network that restricts working memory capacity to two to seven items, with frontal lobes regulating parietal lobe memory capacity. The 'model brain' computations were confirmed using fMRI experiments and suggest improved working memory through increased frontal lobe activation.