Articles tagged with Neural Networks
A team of scientists studied the motor network of marine snails and found that higher-order neurons employ a combinatorial mechanism to produce variations in movement parameters. This hierarchical architecture allows for the generation of large numbers of behavioral variants, a hallmark of brain function.
The study reveals inhibitory systems play a crucial role in controlling the timing of action potentials and network synchronization. This fine-tuning affects cognitive functions and may underlie problems in psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.
Scientists at Max Planck Institute discovered that activity patterns on scale-free networks have unusual dynamic properties, robust against random perturbations but sensitive to selective ones. These networks can store and retrieve fixed patterns, making them suitable for associative memories and pattern recognition.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon and University of Pittsburgh have created a new method to calculate the phase-resetting curve (PRC) of living neurons, which can help elucidate mechanisms for neural synchrony and study learning. The tool combines computational and experimental approaches to simplify complex dynamics of single neurons.
Neuroscientist Dmitri Chklovskii's study reveals non-random patterns of local connectivity in the rat brain, suggesting functional modules that process information. The researchers found that strong connections account for half of synaptic strength and play a crucial role in brain function.
Researchers at the University of Florida have created a living neural network using 25,000 rat brain cells, allowing it to learn and adapt like a computer. The 'brain' can now control a simulated aircraft, paving the way for potential use in flight control systems.
Researchers at Harvard University and Washington University have identified a family of molecules that play a crucial role in generating synapses in the brain. These presynaptic organizing molecules could lead to new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, mental retardation, and other conditions where synapse loss is a factor.
Researchers define two groups of pacemaker neurons driving breathing rhythm, with calcium channels playing critical role in gasping mechanism. Under hypoxia, sodium-driven pacemakers become essential for baby's survival, suggesting a potential link to SIDS risk factors.
Researchers discovered that the timing of short and long bright light flashes can create optical illusions by activating two parallel pathways in the brain. These pathways adapt to changes in light, suggesting a complex network for handling perception and consciousness.
Researchers found a speed limit to neural network synchronization, set by network connectivity. The analysis revealed that even strong interactions cannot achieve faster synchronization than an upper limit. This could severely limit the speed of information processing in the brain.
Researchers Terrence Sejnowski and Simon Laughlin argue that the human brain operates as a highly efficient hybrid device capable of making sophisticated computations. The brain's long-distance communication systems have been optimized for energy efficiency through millions of years of evolution.
Researchers at UC Riverside have made a breakthrough in single neuron positioning on microelectrodes, enabling the study of brain functions and diseases like dementia. This technology has the potential to benefit public health directly by providing a better understanding of how the brain functions.
Researchers discovered identical organizing principles in genetic, neural, and food networks, revealing potential strategies for information processing and filtering noise. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding complex systems and could lead to breakthroughs in fields like medicine and electronics.
A new method developed by Purdue University's chemical engineers uses artificial intelligence to simultaneously test thousands of formulations, drastically speeding up the discovery process. The technique has the potential to significantly improve catalyst performance and result in substantial economic benefits.
Hebrew University and Ben-Gurion researchers found that stress causes a shift in gene products, resulting in an oversensitive electrical response in neurons. This could lead to improved treatment options for patients taking drugs that affect the nervous system.
Research by Harriet Hanlon explores how neural networks process language skills in boys and girls, finding differences in brain connectivity that impact reading abilities. The study suggests a balanced approach to language instruction can benefit both sexes.
Scientists aim to develop novel optical imaging technique to capture detailed images of large numbers of brain neurons. The project, led by Leif H. Finkel, brings together experts in bioengineering, neuroscience and physics to overcome limitations of current techniques, enabling study of neural network activity changes with learning.
Researchers have gained a close look at synapses and dendritic spines governing brain function using high resolution imaging technique two-photon microscopy. They discovered that single calcium channels in these structures are responsible for triggering changes in neurons, encoding memories and processing information.
A new model for neuronal cell death in inherited neurodegenerative diseases proposes that mutant genes increase the risk of sudden programmed cell death. Researchers aim to target factors leading to increased neuronal death risk by identifying critical reactions, which could lead to effective treatments.
Scientists at Max Planck Institute discover novel potassium current activated by calcium, shaping neural signal frequency. SK channels play a crucial role in neuronal adaptation, influencing brain function and learning. The study resolves a long-standing controversy between electrophysiology and apamin-binding studies.
Researchers found a 28% decline in brain network density with normal aging in monkeys, which was reversed by transplanting genetically programmed nerve growth factor-producing cells. This approach may be useful for treating Alzheimer's disease, with clinical trials underway.
Researchers discovered that injured spinal neurons establish gap junctions to communicate with each other, but not with healthy neighboring cells. This finding suggests a new approach to re-establishing connectivity between neurons and muscle after peripheral nerve damage or spinal cord injury.
Researchers have mapped the functional organization of the hippocampus, a critical area for short-term memory, using microelectrodes to record electrical impulses from individual neurons. The study shows that different portions of the hippocampus are active at different times depending on the type of memory function required.
Researchers at Brown University discovered that certain inhibitory neurons in the cerebral cortex use electrical synaptic connections to coordinate their activity. This allows for highly synchronized firing and synchrony similar to blinking lights.
UCSD researchers successfully integrated electronic neuron within a group of biological neurons, demonstrating the potential for restoring brain function. The key finding was the simplification of mathematical algorithms, allowing for a radical reduction in variables to control a neuron's overall function.
Researchers at USC created a machine system that recognizes spoken words better than humans, with the ability to distinguish words in vast amounts of random noise. The novel neural network architecture mimics the biological system's temporal dimension, allowing it to process information structured in time.
A new research method reveals that information can be stored on the surface of neurons with very high spatial density, similar to a CD-ROM. The method allows precise control over neurotransmitter release and discovered that modifications are highly restricted, enabling single synapses to store information separately.
Researchers at Boston University developed a biologically inspired model to improve the fidelity of electronic devices by mimicking the noise-shaping abilities of neuronal networks. The system can effectively filter out unwanted information and identify desired signals over a wider bandwidth.
Researchers have created living nerve cell colonies on silicon chips that can be used to study the brain's functions and potentially develop new prosthetic devices. The colonies, grown from rat hippocampal neurons, can live for extended periods and communicate with each other through a matrix of electrodes.
The Cellular Automata Machine (CAM) brain will be built under contract by Genobyte, a company in Boulder, Colorado. It will contain nearly 40 million artificial neurons, compared to the few hundred neurons used in most other specialists in artificial intelligence.
Researchers at Duke University have discovered that nerve growth factors can oppose each other in the brain, shaping neural networks in response to experience and learning. This finding has significant implications for the development of therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as ALS and Alzheimer's disease.