Articles tagged with Neurology
A review explores the applications of neuroscience in law, highlighting the need for clear guidelines to balance potential benefits with civil liberties. The use of neuroscientific evidence raises concerns about individual rights and privacy, particularly in determining guilt and intent.
A new study invalidates the UK's folate intake limit, citing a 'flawed' analysis that has hindered efforts to prevent neural tube defects. The findings support mandatory fortification of flour with folic acid to protect babies from these birth defects.
A new method, SPADE, can quantify and monitor diagnostic errors in hospitals using large databases and statistical analyses. This approach has the potential to improve patient outcomes by tracking serious adverse events and enabling patient empowerment.
Scientists have developed a new technique to map electrical circuits in the brain with unprecedented accuracy, revealing the detailed architecture of microcircuits. This breakthrough enables researchers to understand how the brain processes complex information and may lead to insights into behavior and sensory processing.
Scientists tested patients with brain injuries to understand how the brain recognizes voices. The study found that lesions in the right posterior temporal lobe led to difficulties recognizing voices, with a crucial role played by the posterior superior temporal gyrus.
A study published in Neurology suggests that consuming daily leafy green vegetables can help preserve memory and thinking skills as people age. The research found that those who ate more leafy greens showed a slower rate of decline on cognitive tests, equivalent to being 11 years younger in age.
A systematic review of nine studies found that standardized outcome measures like the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) can predict stroke patients' discharge destinations. Patients with higher scores on these scales are more likely to be discharged home, while those with lower...
Stroke patients receive treatment within 60 minutes or less at 87% of Kaiser Permanente's Northern California hospitals, with an average 'door-to-needle' time of just 34 minutes. The regionwide adoption of standardized protocols and telemedicine has significantly reduced the time to start critical treatment.
A new study presented at the Radiological Society of North America meeting found no link between gadolinium accumulation in the brain and cognitive decline. The study involved 4,261 participants who received MRI scans with gadolinium-based contrast agents, but showed no significant predictor of cognitive decline or dementia.
A study published in Academic Emergency Medicine found that prehospital use of supraglottic airways is linked to better neurological outcomes in cardiac arrest patients who receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The study suggests that SGA may improve oxygenation, supporting its continued use in emergency medical services.
The DAWN trial demonstrated the efficacy of thrombectomy in reducing disability among stroke patients presenting within 6-24 hours, with a 48.6% independence rate at 90 days compared to 13.1%. Thrombectomy also showed benefits across various subgroups and time windows.
Researchers found that right-handed baseball players who bat left-handed have an advantage over those who bat and throw left-handed. This study, reanalyzing data from 1871 to 2016, suggests that throwing right-handed but batting left improves a player's likelihood of becoming a top hitter in Major League.
Research by Anglia Ruskin University shows that right-handed baseball players who bat left but throw right-handed have a surprising advantage in career success and hitting performance. This biomechanical advantage provides a longer lever to hit the ball, increasing their chances of becoming top hitters.
A national study has launched mobile stroke units, which bring highly trained personnel and advanced medical equipment to patients in need of rapid treatment. The units have shown promise in improving patient outcomes and efficiency, with the potential to enable faster diagnosis and treatment of strokes.
Scientists at UC San Diego have discovered how brain blood vessels dynamically regulate oxygen levels across large distances, shedding light on the mechanisms behind resting-state connectivity. This breakthrough has significant implications for human health and medicine, including the development of higher resolution imaging methods.
A new curriculum has been developed to provide standardized training for healthcare providers in teleneurology. The curriculum covers key areas such as technology, licensure, and patient relationships, aiming to improve the quality of remote neurology care.
Researchers found that reading stories triggers unique patterns of brain activation, regardless of language or cultural origin. This study suggests exposure to narrative storytelling can have a widespread effect on triggering better self-awareness and empathy for others.
Neutrophils, white blood cells that can cause damage after a hemorrhagic stroke, can be trained to release beneficial molecules like lactoferrin. This could lead to a new therapeutic approach for reducing brain damage after the injury.
Researchers found that mind wandering occurs in 70% of drivers during a simulation, causing distinctive brain activity. Drivers are often unaware of their mental drift, which can impair reaction time and increase road traffic crashes. The study suggests that autonomous transport systems may be an option to improve safety.
A study by Progetto Vita found that 93% of patients treated with an onsite AED survived cardiac arrest, compared to just 9% without an AED. The presence of an AED significantly reduced response times and improved survival rates.
Researchers found that patients of all races receive opioids at similar rates as evidence-based medications, despite concerns about medication overuse and comorbidities. The study suggests that clinicians can improve treating migraine patients by adopting better prescribing practices.
Scientists have identified two new brain regions, perirhinal cortex and temporal pole, that facilitate the recognition of familiar faces in monkeys. These regions were found to be specifically involved in recognizing personally familiar faces, but not unfamiliar objects or faces.
Researchers at University of Utah Health successfully rejuvenated the plasticity of adult mouse brains, specifically in the visual cortex, by triggering a shift with a single gene. This breakthrough suggests a potential target for new treatments that could recover brain youthful potential and reduce cognitive decline with aging.
Harvard scientists have identified two brain networks that lie side-by-side in the brain and may play key roles in planning, remembering and imagination. These networks are intertwined, with one connected to memory structures while the other isn't, suggesting they originated from similar processes during brain development and evolution.
Scientists developed an algorithm for a robotic harness that provides personalized support to address motor defects in stroke and spinal cord injury patients. Wearing the harness allows participants to walk with abilities comparable to healthy individuals, offering a promising alternative to traditional rehabilitation programs.
A 14-year study found that slowed walking speed in older adults is associated with cognitive impairment, particularly in the right hippocampus. Regular measurement of walking speed and monitoring for changes may help detect early signs of cognitive decline.
Researchers are studying the clinical outcomes of children infected with Zika virus after birth to examine long-term brain development. Neurodevelopmental testing will be conducted to identify changes in children infected with Zika virus.
A study of over 1.6 million Medicare beneficiaries found that cirrhosis significantly increases the risk of stroke, particularly hemorrhagic stroke. The authors suggest that mixed coagulopathy and underlying vascular risk factors may contribute to this association.
A study published by PCR found that TAVI significantly lowers the incidence of early stroke at 30 days and two years compared to surgical aortic valve replacement. The procedure also showed similar one-year mortality rates for both groups with stroke or encephalopathy at 30 days.
Researchers found that brain regions for missing body parts are repurposed in congenital one-handers, suggesting a new understanding of brain organization based on function rather than body part. This discovery reveals remarkable brain plasticity and holds potential for developing prosthetic limbs.
Acute ischemic stroke hospitalizations among those aged 18 to 64 years increased from an average of 141,474 per year in 2003-2004 to 171,386 per year in 2011-2012. The study confirms the importance of focusing on prevention in younger adults.
A study from UT Southwestern Medical Center and Mayo Clinic shows that a remote-controlled robot can evaluate athletes for concussion with the same accuracy as on-site physicians. The technology has the potential to ease access to concussion expertise in rural areas, where few doctors or athletic trainers are available.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine found that a time-honored mnemonic method can be taught to people with no prior hint of prodigious memorization skills. The method, known as the 'method of loci,' induces patterns of activity within new trainees' brains that closely resemble those of memory athletes.
A study found that patients with renal dysfunction upon admission are more likely to die while hospitalized and have lower chances of being discharged home. Those with normal kidney function have better short-term outcomes, according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) test.
The American Diabetes Association and Michigan Medicine have released updated guidelines for the prevention, treatment, and management of diabetic neuropathy. The guidelines provide recommendations for primary care physicians on preventing this complication and suggest guidelines to manage and treat each form of diabetic neuropathy. Th...
Engaging in brain-stimulating activities like games, crafting, and socializing can lower the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults. A study of over 1,900 adults found a strong association between mentally stimulating activities and decreased MCI incidence.
Researchers found that concussion patients exhibit significantly slowed central and peripheral vision reaction times, with PVRT being disproportionately prolonged. This study suggests a useful diagnostic method to objectively assess concussion symptoms, providing potential benefits for patient recovery and athlete safety.
Researchers found that observing trauma can change brain information flow, making individuals more vulnerable to mental disorders like PTSD. The study suggests witnessing fear can physically redistribute brain signals, potentially enabling new communications and shedding light on the disorder's causes.
Researchers found that inhibitory brain cells form maps that broaden with maturation, unlike excitatory neurons which refine and define areas. This discovery sheds light on how the brain organizes and processes information.
A USC-led study found that people are less flexible when considering counter-evidence on political issues, but more so on non-political statements. The brain's Default Mode Network and amygdalae regions were activated in response to belief challenges.
Researchers found altered brain pathways in individuals with anorexia and bulimia nervosa, overriding the hypothalamus' drive to eat. This reversal allows their brains to fend off hunger signals, making it harder for them to consume food.
Researchers found that rapidly increasing communication between subnetworks associated with visual information transformation into motor responses facilitates task automatization. The default mode network is decoupled from task-related networks as resources are released for controlled implementation.
Researchers at The University of Manchester have discovered a potential therapy for alleviating chronic pain by tuning the brain's frequency. This new approach uses visual and auditory stimulation to reduce pain intensity in patients.
The RESPECT trial found that percutaneously closing a patent foramen ovale (PFO) using the Amplatzer PFO Occluder was superior to medical management in preventing recurrent ischemic stroke. Key findings showed a 45% relative risk reduction in recurrent ischemic stroke for the PFO group.
A recent study in mice suggests that protecting axons may prevent the development of neurological problems associated with TBI. The researchers used mice with a genetic mutation that protects axons and found that they did not develop vision or cognitive problems after blast-related TBI.
Researchers from Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin investigated whether earlier response time leads to improved prognosis. Patients who received thrombolysis during transfer were less likely to have a disability three months after their stroke.
Researchers found that blocking calcium entry into mitochondria impaired memory, but allowed for learning in fruit flies. The study suggests a developmental role for mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex in regulating adult memory.
A study published in Stroke found that elderly stroke survivors require nearly double the caregiving hours of non-stroke patients. The estimated annual cost of caregiving is around $40 billion due to a need for approximately $11,000 per week in assistance. Caregivers can include family, friends, and paid caregivers.
Researchers at Charité are developing a personalized virtual brain model using big data and advanced simulations. They aim to improve our understanding of cognitive performance by analyzing the interaction between individual brain components.
A Kaiser Permanente telestroke program implemented in Southern California hospitals increased tPA administration rates to nearly 11% after implementing the program. The use of telehealth technology linked neurologists and emergency physicians, resulting in improved time-to-diagnosis and reduced bleeding complications.
A study by Brain State Technologies found that young athletes with long-term concussion symptoms showed significant improvements after using HIRREM neurotechnology. The athletes experienced durable changes in heart rate variability, suggesting enhanced capacity for rapid adaptive adjustments in their pumping function.
Johns Hopkins researchers track brain activity as participants make choices entirely on their own, pinpointing the parietal lobe's role in attention switching and frontal cortex involvement in deliberation. The findings shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying human volition and decision-making.
A low-cost, tablet-based system allows physicians to assess stroke patients remotely while en route to the hospital. The study found that the system's diagnoses correlated highly with bedside assessments, enabling faster and more accurate treatment.
A recent survey of water polo players found that 36% reported concussions, with goalies facing the highest risk. The study highlights the need for increased player safety and head protection during practice.
Research finds infarct volume and hyperglycemia associated with poor neurological outcomes after childhood stroke. Blood pressure and fever did not have a significant association with outcome or death.
A review article by J. David Beckham highlights Zika virus's impact on global health, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to develop a viable vaccine and treatment options. The article notes that exposure avoidance through insect repellent and protective measures is currently the best approach to prevent complications.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that ticagrelor, a commonly used antiplatelet medication, did not significantly reduce stroke risk in patients with transient ischemic attacks or minor strokes. The study suggests that combination therapies may be needed to better prevent strokes in this vulnerable pati...
A new study by Kathleen Brewer-Smyth of the University of Delaware's College of Health Sciences found that female inmates with an incarcerated adult family member during childhood were more than twice as likely to have neurological abnormalities as adults. The implications are significant internationally, particularly in light of a Wor...
Researchers have identified a range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms in Ebola survivors, including vision complications and joint pain. The study's findings highlight the need for improved treatment options for those affected by post-Ebola syndrome.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Neural Circuits identified specific brain areas that may contribute to stress-induced depression. The research found that mice displaying 'helpless' behavior had reduced neuronal activation and stereotypical brain-wide activity patterns, which are distinct from those showing 'resilient' behavior.