Articles tagged with Bones
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Bone-melting acid secreted by Osedax worms dissolves whale bones to access collagen and lipids, a process similar to how mammals repair and remodel bone. The symbiotic relationship between the worms and bacteria involved in this process is still not fully understood.
A new study by McGill University confirms that a daily dose of 400 IU vitamin D is sufficient for infants under 1 year of age. The research followed 132 infants and found no additional benefits from higher doses.
Researchers at the University of Illinois developed equations to calculate phosphorus and calcium concentrations in meat and bone meal. The study found that ash content is a reliable indicator of Ca and P concentrations, allowing producers to estimate mineral levels without harming pig growth.
Research finds that palliative radiotherapy significantly improves the quality of life for elderly patients with painful bone metastases. The treatment, which involves a single fraction of radiotherapy, has been shown to be effective in all age groups, including those over 75, despite some variability in response.
Professor Diez-Perez has advanced understanding of osteoporosis through original scientific contributions, including epidemiology and clinical care. He is recognized for promoting medical innovation and improving patient outcomes.
Dr. Margaret Gourlay's study defined appropriate bone density screening intervals for older women, reducing the need for frequent tests and targeting those at higher risk of osteoporosis. The research has been instrumental in shaping clinical practice guidelines, benefiting human health and welfare.
Professor Socrates Papapoulos has made significant contributions to advancing osteoporosis research and advocacy worldwide. He is a renowned researcher at the Leiden University Medical Center and IOF Board member, with over 300 publications and several awards.
Dr. Mary Bouxsein has been recognized with the ESCEO-IOF Herbert Fleisch Medal for her outstanding contributions to understanding skeletal fragility through biomechanics. Her work focuses on predicting fracture risk using novel non-invasive imaging techniques.
The European Union faces a significant burden of osteoporosis, with 22 million women and 5.5 million men affected. The annual economic cost of new and prior fragility fractures is €37 billion, with costs expected to increase by 25% by 2025.
Professor Maria Luisa Brandi was awarded the prestigious ESCEO-IOF Servier Pierre D. Delmas Prize for her major scientific contributions to bone and mineral diseases. She is a renowned researcher with numerous patents and publications, recognized nationally and internationally.
A recent study found that zoledronic acid, a common osteoporosis drug, not only slows bone loss but also increases levels of sclerostin, a biomarker that inhibits bone formation. This suggests that combination treatments may be needed to effectively treat osteoporosis and increase bone mass.
Researchers found microwave ablation (MWA) therapy cut pain in half for patients with bone and soft-tissue tumors, lasting up to 15 months. MWA was faster than radiofrequency ablation, with less risk of complications.
A study found that growth hormone therapy can help reverse growth problems in children with kidney failure by increasing bone turnover. However, treatment may not benefit overall bone health and may interrupt the relationship between bone turnover and parathyroid hormone markers.
Researchers at UPV/EHU have created a biodegradable polymer/bioglass composite system that can help mend broken bones. The addition of bioglass to the polymer improves its mechanical properties, but it also reduces thermal stability, which could lead to degradation and harm to cells.
Researchers used hormone levels to estimate when a woman will have her final menstrual period, providing a way to gauge menopause-related bone loss. The study found that levels of estradiol and follicle stimulating hormone can predict the timeline for menopause.
A recent study by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons found that smoking significantly increases the risk of nonunion in fractures involving long bones. The average time to fracture healing is also longer for smokers compared to nonsmokers, highlighting the negative impact of smoking on bone health.
A study by University of Pennsylvania researchers found that younger mice exhibit a more robust healing response compared to older mice. The team identified the Notch signaling pathway as critical to fracture healing, with reduced baseline activity in geriatric MSCs.
Scientists at King's College London found that the middle ear cavity is formed by two different tissue types, one of which is less efficient at clearing debris and more susceptible to infection. This 'evolutionary glitch' may be the reason why some children are more prone to developing chronic ear problems like glue ear.
Researchers have made significant discoveries in musculoskeletal health, including bio-enhanced ACL repair and the diagnosis of posterolateral knee injuries. The new approaches aim to stimulate healing and regeneration, reduce future injury-related osteoarthritis, and improve patient outcomes.
A recent study found that current and past smokers have a higher risk of hip replacement failure compared to non-smokers. The study, which reviewed records of total hip replacement patients between 2007 and 2009, found a significant correlation between smoking and increased revision rates.
A study by the ZEUS group found no significant difference in the incidence of bone metastases between patients receiving zoledronic acid and those on standard treatment. The 50-month study suggested that zoledronic acid may not be effective in preventing hormone therapy-induced bone loss in high-risk prostate cancer patients.
A large observational study found no significant association between maternal vitamin D levels and children's bone mineral content, suggesting that UK guidelines for vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy may be overstated.
A new study elucidates the reproductive strategy of bone-eating worms, shedding light on their postembryonic development and sexual maturation. The researchers observed the duration of the larval stage, male dwarfism, and rapid female spawning, enabling effective reproduction in a food-rich but isolated habitat.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University found a clear genetic connection between fat and bone mass, which can impact body composition and overall health. The discovery highlights the importance of considering both factors in treatment plans to avoid negative side effects.
Researchers have found that a signaling molecule called SDF-1 helps stem cells survive in the low-oxygen environment of bone marrow by activating autophagy, a survival pathway. However, with age or disease, SDF-1's role shifts, reducing stem cell survival and increasing the likelihood of fat cell formation.
Researchers at Brigham Young University found that runners who transition too quickly to minimalist shoes suffer an increased risk of injury. The study suggests a slower and more gradual transition over a longer duration is necessary to minimize the risk of injuries.
A new UCLA study reveals that primary hyperparathyroidism is the leading cause of high blood-calcium levels, affecting mainly women and the elderly, particularly African American women over 50. The condition can lead to bone loss, depression, fatigue, and increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
Scientists at McGill University and the Federal University of Sao Paulo have identified osteopontin as a key player in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), a rare bone disease characterized by soft bones and tooth abnormalities. This discovery may lead to the development of an enzyme-replacement therapy to treat XLH patients.
Polymer implants coated with a bioactive film can bond better with surrounding bone and tissues, reducing complications. The new technique uses microwaves to apply a hydroxyapatite layer that dissolves slowly, promoting stable bonding.
Scientists at Michigan State University found that a natural probiotic supplement can enhance bone density in male mice, but not female mice. The study suggests a possible new treatment for osteoporosis without the risks of traditional medications.
Researchers at Penn Vet have identified a new pathway for stimulating bone growth using the protein Jagged-1. This discovery has the potential to treat bone fractures and improve outcomes for patients with rare metabolic conditions like Alagille syndrome.
Emerging cancer drugs targeting tumor cells may also stimulate osteoclasts to tear down bone, increasing the risk of tumor spread. Researchers recommend closely monitoring patients' bone health when taking these drugs.
Scientists at the University of Southampton have created a method to generate bone cells on nanoscale surfaces, opening up new opportunities for bone repair therapies. The research used human embryonic stem cells cultured on plastic materials with nanotopographical patterns, without chemical enhancement.
Artificial bone created using stem cells and lightweight plastic can heal shattered limbs by encouraging real bone growth. The implant's honeycomb structure allows blood to flow through it, supporting the attachment of patient-derived stem cells.
A new kind of pterosaur, Eurazhdarcho langendorfensis, has been identified by scientists from the Transylvanian Museum Society, University of Southampton, and Museau Nacional. The fossilized bones are approximately 68 million years old and belong to the azhdarchids group.
Researchers analyzed 48 studies on second trimester markers and found that most single markers have only a small effect on modifying the odds for Down's syndrome. However, some markers such as dilated brain ventricles, increased neck thickness, and absent nose bone significantly increase the risk by three- to four-fold.
Researchers discovered a calcified ovarian teratoma in a Roman-age skeleton, shedding light on the presence of this tumour in antiquity. The tumour contained four anomalous teeth and a small bone fragment, providing valuable information for the study of ancient diseases.
A new analysis suggests that saber-toothed cats and American lions didn't drastically change their diet near extinction due to scarcity. Instead, they likely consumed carcass bones regularly, contradicting the idea that food shortage was a main reason for their extinction.
A recent study using dental microwear texture analysis found no evidence of increased starvation in saber-tooth cats before their extinction. Instead, the research suggests that these great cats and American lions were well-fed and actively hunted prey, challenging popular theories on megafaunal extinction.
Forensic experts at Uppsala University identified the remains of Carin Göring, wife of Nazi leader Herman Göring, through DNA analysis. The researchers matched mitochondrial and nuclear DNA with historical records, confirming her identity.
Researchers found that Vietnamese women who received nutrition education counselling showed significant increases in calcium intake and stable bone mass. In contrast, the control group experienced decreased bone mass. The study suggests community-based education programmes can improve bone health in postmenopausal women.
A new study reveals how tiny holes in bones can weaken them, but also shows that strengthening osteocalcin could lead to stronger bones. Researchers suggest that increasing vitamin K intake through foods like spinach and broccoli may help prevent bone fractures.
A study published in Ecology reveals that elk bones can provide baseline ecological data on animal populations, complementing aerial counts and adding a historical component to live observation. The research found moderate shifts in elk habitat use despite recent changes at Yellowstone, including wildfires and wildlife reintroduction.
A study published in the Journal of Immunology suggests that blocking the activity of C5aR can effectively prevent and treat periodontitis. Researchers found that mice treated with a molecule blocking C5aR developed less inflammation and bone loss compared to those without treatment.
A new drug demonstrated dramatic effects on prostate cancer that had spread to the bone, with two-thirds of patients showing improvements on their bone scans. Additionally, 67% of patients with bone pain reported improved pain control after treatment with cabozantinib.
University of Illinois Chicago researcher Karen Troy has received a $1.6 million grant to investigate the effects of mechanical forces on bone strength. She will conduct two studies, one testing dose response and another examining rate-dependent effects, using quantitative computed tomography to measure changes in bone mineral density.
Researchers found that men with higher visceral and total abdominal fat had lower failure load and stiffness, two measures of bone strength. Muscle mass was also positively associated with bone strength. The study suggests that excess belly fat is a risk factor for bone loss in obese men.
A new University of Florida study shows that animal bones can provide valuable geographical data for conservation efforts. By analyzing bone accumulations on the landscape of Yellowstone National Park, researcher Joshua Miller identified critical areas for elk survival during spring and winter.
Researchers found that adding fall history to risk assessment tools improves fracture prediction accuracy, especially in men. The study used data from the Hertfordshire Cohort and showed that incorporating fall history into models increased predictive capacity by six percent.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden suggests that digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) used on standard hand radiographs can help identify patients at higher risk of hip fracture. DXR is a technique comparable to more costly methods and may be used preventively to identify people at risk for osteoporosis.
Research found that adolescents spending long periods in sedentary activities are more likely to have low bone mineral content, increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Participating in high-intensity sports like football or running can significantly reduce this threat, especially for girls.
A study published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology found that denosumab was associated with significantly improved overall median survival in lung cancer patients, including those with non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer. The treatment also showed improved survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma.
An expert panel confirms that calcium supplements are a valuable tool for maintaining bone health, with no increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The panel reviewed the scientific literature and concluded that adequate calcium intake is crucial for strong bones across all age groups.
A new health-economic model shows that increasing dairy food consumption can prevent osteoporotic fractures and reduce healthcare costs. The study found that France, Sweden, and the Netherlands could potentially save millions of euros in healthcare costs by boosting dietary calcium intake.
A new approach for assessing fracture risk combines bone density measures with body size and bone size, predicting risk accurately regardless of race or ethnicity. The study found that this composite bone strength index performed just as well as traditional methods in a group of nearly 2,000 women.
Archaeologists from the University of Leicester found King Richard III remains just inches below Victorian foundations, narrowly avoiding destruction. The team used DNA extracted from a descendant to verify the identity of the remains.
Researchers have developed a new computerized technique to diagnose osteoporosis using X-rays, which estimates bone porosity and improves accuracy over visual examination. The system has shown high accuracy rates of less than 2% in detecting osteoporosis in elderly Asian patients.
Researchers at Penn State developed a method to create a rough surface on bone grafts similar to untreated bone, promoting healing and increasing the likelihood of successful implantation. The new technique uses physical vapor deposition to coat the graft with hydroxyapatite, optimizing its osteogenic properties.
A phase II study found denosumab decreased giant cells and increased new bone formation in patients with giant-cell tumor of the bone, offering an alternative to radical surgery. The treatment reduced tumor burden by 90% or greater in all 20 patients, improving outcomes for young patients who previously required joint replacements.
Scientists have developed a new tantalum nanotube coating that enhances the integration of joint implants with existing bone, promoting improved biocompatibility and reducing the risk of failure. The coating also encourages bone growth and makes the implant more elastic like natural bone.