Articles tagged with Bones
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A team of researchers led by the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine has confirmed that a gene from the measles virus plays a key role in the development of Paget's disease of bone. The study found that osteoclasts in affected patients express a viral protein, leading to characteristic bone lesions and increased risk of fracture.
Scientists use atom-probe tomography to map millions of individual atoms in a sea creature's tooth, revealing organic/inorganic interfaces. This breakthrough opens up possibilities for tracking fluoride in teeth and cancer, osteoporosis drugs in bone, and designing new materials with improved properties.
A new species of pterosaur, Gwawinapterus beardi, has been discovered on Hornby Island off Vancouver Island in British Columbia. The fossil, dated to 70 million years ago, features small teeth and a wing span of approximately 3 metres.
Studies found that most anti-epileptic drugs increase the risk of non-traumatic fractures in individuals aged 50 and older. Anti-epileptic drugs are associated with greater bone density loss, particularly in post-menopausal women. The study identified phenytoin and carbamazepine as the most significant contributors to this increased risk.
The IOF and IFCC have identified research priorities and recommended specific bone turnover markers (s-PINP and s-CTX) as reference analytes for clinical and observational studies. Standardized protocols would greatly increase the clinical and research potential of BTMs, improving patient management and treatment adherence.
Experts flag vitamin D deficiency as a major concern in the region, with severe deficiency across India and Pakistan. Interactive maps tracking vitamin D levels by region are being developed to identify problem areas and stimulate research studies.
Denosumab was found to delay the time to first skeletal-related event by 18% and the time to first and subsequent event by 22%, while overall survival and disease progression were similar between groups. The treatment also showed a lower rate of jaw osteonecrosis compared to zoledronic acid.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have created a new computer method to measure mechanical stress in fat cells, which can help control the amount of fat produced by these cells. The study has direct applications in weight loss programs, treating bedsores, and managing chronic diabetes.
Researchers have identified a potential solution for preventing osteoporosis using potassium citrate supplements. Additionally, waist circumference measurements in children may be a better predictor of heart disease risk than body mass index. Early urine tests can also predict pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia.
A recent study found that bone density remained stable for three years in patients who took a drug holiday from bisphosphonates, a popular class of osteoporosis drugs. The researchers recommend taking drug holidays after four to five years, but the study suggests that this duration may be longer, potentially up to three years.
Research identifies a key mechanism in bone formation after resorption, revealing the importance of TGF-?1 and skeletal stem cell recruitment. The study suggests that using PTH before antiresorptive drugs could be an effective therapy for osteoporosis treatment.
A new surgical procedure using Kryptonite superglue has improved the recovery of heart patients after open-chest surgery, accelerating healing and reducing complications. The adhesive allows for new bone growth, enabling patients to breathe deeply without powerful painkillers.
Researchers at UMass Medical School have developed FlexBone, a synthetic bone material with bone-like properties, to replace traditional bone transplants. The material facilitates tissue repair by absorbing proteins from the surrounding tissue, accelerating healing, and delivering growth factors.
Research highlights include colorful connections in the brain, disease-detecting lights for osteoporosis monitoring, and direct laser cooling of molecules. New techniques like Raman spectroscopy and two-photon microscopy are also being showcased.
A team of researchers has discovered that lubricin, a synovial fluid glycoprotein, reduces wear to bone cartilage. This discovery has significant implications for the treatment of osteoarthritis, the most common form of joint disease.
A study by the University of Michigan found that teriparatide, a drug marketed for osteoporosis, can also heal bone wounds in gum disease patients. The treatment showed a 29% improvement in bone-level measurements on x-rays, compared to a 3% improvement in the placebo group.
A new study found that Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher rate of abnormal bone density and osteoporosis in IBD patients. The study, which included 161 patients, revealed that nearly half of those with IBD under age 50 had reduced bone density.
A new study found that women aged 67 and older with normal bone mineral density scores may not need re-screening in 10 years. The researchers calculated estimated times for 10 percent of the women to transition to osteoporosis, finding that it would take about 16 years for this group to develop osteoporosis.
Materials scientists from Jena University have created a cellulose implant that can trigger the regeneration of cartilage produced naturally in the body. The implant, which consists of a sponge-like structure with two different surfaces, is designed to adhere to bone and stimulate cartilage growth.
Researchers found that androgen deprivation therapy is associated with structural decay of cortical and trabecular bone in men with prostate cancer. The study used virtual bone biopsies to assess bone microarchitecture and found a link between testosterone deficiency and increased fracture risk.
A new soy-based natural S-equol supplement reduced the frequency of moderate to severe hot flashes and muscle and joint pain in postmenopausal U.S. women. The study found that lower doses of Natural S-equol significantly improved symptoms, with no clinically significant adverse effects.
A new nutritional supplement containing S-equol has been shown to reduce moderate to severe hot flashes, muscle and joint pain, and improve bone density in postmenopausal women. The supplement also lowers 'bad' LDL-cholesterol levels and is considered safe for long-term use.
A study published in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery found that 43% of patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery have insufficient vitamin D levels. Vitamin D is essential for bone growth and absorption of calcium. Patients are advised to screen for low levels before surgery, as deficiency may negatively impact patient outcomes.
A new species of dinosaur, Sarahsaurus, discovered in Arizona suggests that dinosaurs did not spread globally by overpowering other species but instead took advantage of a natural catastrophe. The fossil, which lived around 190 million years ago, shows that sauropodomorphs started out small and later evolved to large size.
Researchers at Hebrew University discover a group of substances in the body controlling bone density, leading to development of a new osteoporosis drug. Oleoyl serine increases bone density in both healthy and osteoporotic mice, offering a promising approach to reversing bone loss.
A $1.76 million study at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute investigates the role of two proteins, osteocalcin and osteopontin, in bone fractures over time. The research aims to develop new methods of diagnosing osteoporosis and treating related bone diseases.
Spanish researchers have discovered a genetic link between the 677C>T variant and osteoporotic vertebral fractures in post-menopausal women. This finding highlights the importance of genetic analysis in identifying individuals at high risk for bone-related illnesses.
A novel nano-CT imaging technique enables researchers to visualize the nano-structure of bone samples with high precision. This allows for better understanding of structural changes related to osteoporosis and development of new therapeutic approaches.
A new study shows that bone-anchored leg prostheses significantly improve function and quality of life for younger amputees. The treatment, developed over 20 years, involves attaching prostheses directly to the bone using a titanium implant.
Researchers have found a new potential treatment target for bone disease osteomyelitis by interrupting the bacterial death signal that instructs bone cells to die. Blocking this signal could prevent or treat painful bone infections resistant to antibiotics.
Researchers developed models to investigate non-healing bone fractures, suggesting cell transplantation as a potential treatment. The study used an animal model and mathematical modeling to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Researchers will explore fundamental questions about bone health and the immune system in a microgravity environment. The NIH is funding experiments on osteoporosis, immune response suppression, and excessive alcohol use.
Researchers have identified a critical regulatory switch in mesenchymal stem cell lineage allocation, which could lead to the development of new treatments for obesity and osteoporosis. The 'Sprouty' protein has been shown to regulate body fat and bone mass, with potential applications for weight loss and bone density improvement.
The discovery of Balaur bondoc, a large theropod dinosaur from Late Cretaceous Europe, reveals an animal with advanced adaptations and fused bones. Its presence indicates that the region had intermittent faunal connections with the mainland up to the end of the Cretaceous period.
A University of Illinois professor has developed a nutritious salmon baby food for toddlers, citing the importance of omega-3 fatty acids for brain development and preventing coronary artery disease. The product's taste was found to be mild and appealing to parents, with an encouraging sensory panel response.
A new study reveals that ancient alligators and giant tortoises lived on Ellesmere Island above the Arctic Circle despite six months of darkness, with average temperatures ranging from 66-68°F (19-20°C). The research provides insights into past and future biodiversity in the High Arctic as climate change impacts the region.
A study of 140 overweight children found that those with signs of poor blood sugar regulation had less bone mass, a measure of bone strength. Higher abdominal fat was linked to lower bone mass and more body fat overall was associated with higher bone mass.
A study found that valproate reduces collagen production by almost 60% and osteonectin levels by 28% in SMA cells, contributing to bone loss in these patients.
Researchers at Stevens Institute of Technology have developed a novel biomimetic approach using nanofibers to reconstruct intricate bone tissue, focusing on engineering cortical bone. The team aims to create robust platforms for complex tissue structures, with potential applications in reconstructive and transplant surgery.
Researchers have created a material for bone grafts that attracts stem cells and growth factors to promote bone regrowth and integration. The synthetic graft heals similarly to natural bone implants in animal tests, suggesting potential as a replacement for traditional grafts.
A 3-year study found no significant positive effect of soy isoflavones on preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women. However, a moderate dose of 120mg showed a modest benefit when combined with lifestyle factors.
A statistical analysis of chemicals found in walleye ear bones reveals that almost all Maumee-spawned walleyes were hatched there, but only two-thirds of Sandusky-spawned walleyes originated from the same river. This study helps wildlife officials determine which rivers are at risk of overfishing.
Researchers identify neogenin as a crucial protein in skeletal development, which can disrupt cartilage and bone formation if mutated. This finding offers new insight into treating osteoarthritis and provides potential therapeutic targets.
Children with celiac disease are at risk for poor bone health, but adding vitamins K and D to their diets can reduce this risk. Incorporating physical activity into daily routines also boosts bone strength and Vitamin D intake through outdoor exercise.
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center discovered that bone resorption plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. The study suggests that stimulating the release of insulin and improving glucose uptake in cells could be a new target for type 2 diabetes treatment.
Two new studies reveal a key molecular link between bone remodeling and metabolism, finding that osteocalcin levels are tied to insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Osteocalcin treatment improves symptoms in mice with diabetes-like conditions.
A new study by Johns Hopkins researchers found that insulin is required for normal bone development and may provide a link between bone health and metabolic diseases like diabetes. The study suggests that insulin action in bone provides a critical signal that links metabolism and metabolic disease with bone health.
Researchers have discovered that bone cells' spindly extensions can sense mechanical stimulation, signaling the release of bone-growth factors. This breakthrough could lead to therapies for osteoporosis and bone loss associated with aging.
A comprehensive Argentinean epidemiological study found that one out of three women aged 50 or over suffers from osteoporosis, with a prevalence of vertebral fractures in 16% of women aged 50 or older. The study estimated annual costs of hip fractures and vertebral fractures to exceed $250 million USD per year.
Researchers found that men with high-risk prostate cancer lose significantly less bone mineral content as they age compared to healthy men. The study, published in BJUI, suggests a possible link between prostate cancer and bone health, which could lead to new prevention strategies.
Researchers at Loyola University Health System found long-lasting disruptions in hundreds of genes involved in bone formation in rats exposed to binge drinking. The study suggests that lifestyle-related damage done during young adulthood may have repercussions lasting decades.
A University of Leicester archaeologist has discovered a bone belonging to a late 19th-century tortoise from Stafford Castle, providing the earliest archaeological evidence for pet tortoises. This find sheds light on the changing attitudes towards family pets in British society during the late 19th century.
A new study from Purdue University found that higher protein intake can lead to weight loss in postmenopausal women, but also increases the risk of bone mineral density loss. Researchers analyzed data from two controlled diet studies and found that older women who consumed more protein through meat sources experienced faster bone loss ...
Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute created a new mouse model of multiple hereditary exostoses, a rare childhood disease characterized by abnormal bone growths. The study reveals the molecular basis of the disease and provides a tool to screen new treatments.
A large population-based study found that individuals treated with vitamin A analogues do not have an increased risk of fractures. The research, published in Archives of Dermatology, analyzed data from two nationwide registers and found no association between retinoid use and fracture risk at any skeletal site.
A new study from North Carolina State University found that calcium-deficient piglets developed fat cells instead of bone-forming cells, potentially leading to lifelong bone health issues. The researchers plan to investigate the effects of early life calcium deficiency on bone density and strength in a longer-term study.
The IOF-Servier Young Investigator Research Grant was awarded to two young researchers, Dr. Frank DeVries and Dr. Davide Ruffoni, for their innovative projects on osteoporosis. The grant aims to estimate the risk of fracture in patients with bariatric surgery and understand the mechanisms of implant integration in osteoporotic bone.
The International Osteoporosis Foundation recommends optimal vitamin D status through serum 25OHD levels and effective sun exposure. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with decreased muscle strength, increased risk of falls and osteoporotic fractures.
A team of paleontologists, geochemists, and physicists used X-ray technology to analyze the Thermopolis Archaeopteryx fossil, revealing half a dozen chemical elements that were part of the living animal itself. The study confirms that feathers in the fossil are actual fossilized feathers containing phosphorus and sulfur.
A 150-million-year-old 'Dinobird' fossil has been found to contain remnants of the animal's original chemistry, including phosphorous and sulfur in its feathers. The discovery could revolutionize the field of palaeontology by providing a new avenue for learning about long-extinct creatures.