Articles tagged with Bones
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University are developing a novel approach to building vascular networks in engineered tissues using custom-designed synthetic molecules and embryonic stem cells. Their goal is to produce networks that can grow and maintain themselves like natural blood vessels, paving the way for improved human lives.
A study of 166 breast cancer patients found nearly 70% had low vitamin D levels, increasing fracture risk. High-dose supplements improved levels and boosted bone mass, helping mitigate disease symptoms.
A gluten-free diet can rapidly increase bone mineral density in children with celiac disease, leading to complete recovery of bone mineralization. Early diagnosis and a strict gluten-free diet are critical in preventing complications such as reduced bone mineral density and osteoporosis.
The study finds that Archaeopteryx grew slowly, taking 970 days to mature, similar to dinosaurs, and its bone growth rate was three times slower than living birds. This challenges the common perception of Archaeopteryx as a bird-like creature.
Researchers at Duke University have found a new mechanism of bone formation that works without inducing bone breakdown, suggesting a targeted approach to fighting osteoporosis and other degenerative bone diseases. The discovery involves the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway and beta-arrestin molecule.
A new study reveals that people with coeliac disease are at risk of developing osteoporosis due to an immune system attack on their bone tissue. Researchers have identified a protein called osteoprotegerin as the target of this attack, leading to rapid bone destruction and severe osteoporosis.
The debut edition of Science Translational Medicine describes a microfluidics device for detecting tiny amounts of estrogen, which could improve breast cancer screening. Researchers have also identified a novel mechanism to protect patients from graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplants.
The discovery of Ardipithecus ramidus provides new information on human evolution, suggesting that humans did not evolve from apes but rather that apes evolved from humans. The 4.4 million-year-old skeleton is more informative than the famous 'Lucy' fossil and sheds light on human behavior and anatomy.
Researchers discovered that Tyrannosaurus rex and its relatives had a potentially deadly infectious disease similar to trichomonosis, which causes swollen jaws and holes. The study found evidence of face-biting marks on many specimens and suggests that cannibalism or head-biting may have spread the disease.
Research suggests that diabetes accelerates bone loss and impairs fracture healing due to increased levels of inflammatory molecules like TNF-α. This can lead to delayed bone fracture healing and an increased risk of fractures in diabetics.
The International Osteoporosis Foundation's Health Professional Awareness Grants support innovative projects promoting osteoporosis knowledge among clinicians and allied health professionals. Five grants were awarded to patient societies in Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Singapore for their awareness programs targeting health...
The Arthritis Foundation of India Trust has won the prestigious IOF Linda Edwards Memorial Award for its innovative campaigns to raise awareness about osteoporosis. The organization, established in 2002, has been recognized for its efforts to improve bone health and patient care across India.
A recent study published in Cell by Yale School of Medicine researchers identified a novel brain pathway where leptin regulates bone mass and suppresses appetite through serotonin pathways. The findings contradict the prevailing view that leptin primarily acts in the hypothalamus.
Scientists have discovered a potential therapeutic strategy for reversing rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis by manipulating the levels of NF-κB p100, a key inhibitory protein. The study found that increasing NF-κB p100 levels can limit bone destruction and inflammation in both diseases.
Researchers found that elephants use two pathways to 'hear' ground-borne vocalizations: somatosensory pathway through feet and trunks, and bone conduction pathway through toenails. This allows them to understand seismic communication over long distances.
Researchers have discovered that space radiation can cause rapid bone loss in mice, which may lead to new treatments for cancer patients and astronauts. The study's findings suggest that existing medications like bisphosphonates could prevent this early loss of bone mass.
The Bcl-xL protein prevents bone breakdown by negatively regulating the bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts. In mice, Bcl-xL promotes osteoclast survival and decreases extracellular matrix production, leading to increased osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
Researchers have found that T cells from individuals with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) are resistant to cell death triggered by repeated stimulation of a cell surface protein complex, leading to uncontrolled expansion upon infection. Additionally, a molecular regulatory network controlled by the protein SPDEF governs alle...
Researchers found that bone lead levels were associated with a higher risk of death from all causes and cardiovascular disease. The study suggests that bone lead may be a better biomarker for cumulative exposure to lead, leading to important public health implications.
Research uses bacteria to produce biofilm layers containing biopolymers that act as strong adhesives, resulting in better mechanical strength and surface coverage. The biocoating method could lead to improved bone implant materials with enhanced properties.
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center have identified a previously unknown leptin-serotonin pathway in the brain that simultaneously promotes appetite and bone mass accrual. The discovery reveals that leptin acts on serotonin in the brain stem, increasing appetite and bone mass.
New research from Purdue University raises concerns about estrogen supplements claiming to improve bone health in postmenopausal women. While some plant-derived isoflavones show modest effects, many supplements lack efficacy or are less effective than current treatments for osteoporosis.
Scientists discovered that downregulation of IRF-8 gene increases production of osteoclasts responsible for bone breakdown. The study found that IRF-8 suppresses osteoclast activity and inhibits NFATc1 protein function, potentially leading to new therapeutic approaches.
Researchers identify a link between high cholesterol and osteoporosis, with the immune system playing a key role in bone loss. The study found that oxidized LDL triggers an immune response, leading to excessive bone damage.
A new UCLA study reveals the immune system plays a crucial role in bone loss, with high cholesterol levels contributing to the disease. The research identifies a new approach for treating osteoporosis using immune-based therapies.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that adults born with very low birth weight have significantly lower bone mineral density compared to their term-born peers. This increased risk of osteoporosis in adulthood highlights the importance of monitoring and addressing this issue for individuals born preterm.
Researchers have copied the sandcastle worm's natural glue to create a synthetic adhesive for repairing bones, which could revolutionize fracture treatment. The new adhesive is biocompatible and twice as strong as the natural glue it mimics.
A recent study found that the type 1 cannabinoid receptor is key to bone development and osteoporosis. Cannabis may reduce bone strength in young people but protect against osteoporosis in older age.
Researchers found that early human hunters in central Israel between 400,000 and 250,000 years ago were skilled at big-game hunting like later stone-age hunters, but shared meat differently. The earlier humans were less efficient and specialized when it comes to carving flesh from their prey.
A recent review suggests that limb-sparing surgery does not provide a significant benefit to patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The study found that early and late complications are more common with limb-sparing surgery, but some advantages were seen for higher surgical sites in the lower limb, such as the hip.
Research suggests humans and African apes have distinct wrist bone features that indicate independent evolution of knuckle-walking behavior in two separate lineages. A study examining juvenile and adult wrist bones found key features associated with knuckle walking present in 96% of chimpanzees, but only 6% of gorillas.
A new study re-examining Tyrannosaurus rex remains has confirmed the presence of proteins from blood and bone, tendons, or cartilage, resolving a long-standing controversy over detectable biochemical remnants. The analysis also found evidence of substances typical of bird-like bones, which were previously disputed.
Researchers found that freshwater fish like largemouth bass, which feed primarily on fish, have remained relatively unchanged over time. Once they evolved the optimal size and shape for catching fish, natural selection kept them in an evolutionary holding pattern.
A new study reveals that specialized blood cells have bone-forming potential and can contribute to abnormal bone growth in rare genetic disorders like fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. This discovery has significant implications for understanding FOP and other conditions where bone forms outside the skeleton.
Two matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) proteins contribute to bone metastasis in advanced breast cancer by degrading extracellular matrix and stimulating osteoclast activity. This discovery supports therapeutic targeting of MMP1 and ADAMTS1, potentially mitigating bone complications in advanced metastatic breast cancers.
The study aims to reduce bone damage and fractures in laying hens by providing omega-3 supplemented diets. Researchers will house 16 flocks of 1,500 hens each in identical free-range systems to compare the effects of high and standard omega-3 diets.
A UAB study reveals the human protein TGF beta-1 plays a crucial role in balancing bone resorption and formation. The discovery could lead to better bone-building therapies and new osteoporosis drugs, offering hope for patients with bone diseases.
Prof. Noam Eliaz's electrochemical coating process improves implant functionality, longevity, and integration into the body. The new coating reduces materials failure by 33% and has potential to spur new bone growth.
Researchers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography found that high CO2 levels in water lead to abnormally large ear bones in fish, a vital structure for sensing orientation and acceleration. The study suggests potential implications for the survival and behavior of affected fish.
Researchers have discovered evidence of woolly mammoth survival in Britain until around 14,000 years ago, challenging conventional beliefs about their extinction. The findings, published in the Geological Journal, suggest that climate change may be a likely explanation for their disappearance.
A new study found that combining rosiglitazone with metformin reverses the negative impact on bone healing caused by rosiglitazone. This beneficial effect was observed in an experimental rat model, where metformin improved bone formation and density compared to rosiglitazone treatment alone.
A new study found that bariatric surgery nearly doubles the expected risk of fractures, especially hand and foot fractures, in patients who underwent weight loss surgery to treat medically complicated obesity. The researchers analyzed data from 97 patients with an average age of 44 years and found a total of 31 fractures after surgery.
A 700,000-year-old fossil bone bed in California has been found to be a record of normal life and death, rather than a catastrophic event. The bone bed, which features shark teeth and seal bones, was formed under unusual climatic conditions that kept sediment at bay.
Recent studies on mud transport, Appalachian promontories, Pisco valley drainage basins, and Eocene Arctic forests shed light on geological processes. The findings suggest that abiogenic methane emissions may be more prevalent than thought and reveal clues about ancient life in the High Arctic.
A £4M funding award will support a multidisciplinary study combining stem cell science and tissue engineering to develop new treatments for bone fractures and orthopaedic problems. The research aims to improve our understanding of skeletal cell activity, scaffold development, and environmental factors that affect tissue regeneration.
Researchers have identified a potential new focus for treating osteoporosis and periodontitis by inhibiting nuclear factor-kB, a master protein controlling inflammation and immunity. This balance is crucial in bone formation and resorption.
Scientists at Eindhoven University of Technology have made a groundbreaking discovery in biomineralization, the process that forms bones, teeth, and shells. They were able to capture three-dimensional images of nanoparticles using the world's most modern electron microscope, revealing the earliest stages of this complex process.
MDC researchers have elucidated a molecular mechanism that regulates the equilibrium between bone formation and bone resorption. They found that two different forms of a gene switch – LAP and LIP – determine this process. The study suggests that an imbalance in the ratio between these two isoforms may play a role in osteoporosis.
A new study provides clear protocols for clinicians to follow, updating fracture risk algorithms and creating simple tables to guide doctors. The findings suggest that repeat bone density measurements can help prognosis of fracture in patients at risk due to age and other factors.
A recent study published in the Journal of Periodontology found that marginal bone remodeling occurs between implant placement and prosthesis placement. After a five-year follow-up, minimal mean bone change was observed, indicating dental implants can be an effective tooth replacement option.
MIT engineers have developed a new tissue scaffold that can stimulate bone and cartilage growth when transplanted into joints. The technology has shown promise in small defects and could offer a more effective, less expensive, and easier alternative to current treatments for sports injuries and arthritis.
A study published in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery found that 96 percent of cementless metal components remained securely fixed in place after 20 years. The implants showed promise, especially for younger patients, but wear-related problems were more common among those under 60.
Researchers studied 243 wounded Marines to identify risk factors for heterotopic ossification, a condition where bone forms in soft tissues. The study found that age, traumatic brain injury, amputation, and multiple injuries are key contributors to the development of this abnormal bone growth.
A Purdue University study shows that dairy promotes better bone growth and strength compared to calcium carbonate, with bones of rats fed nonfat dry milk being longer, wider, more dense and stronger. The study found a strong effect of having dairy as a calcium source followed by periods of inadequate calcium.
New research suggests that dinosaur bones from the Ojo Alamo Sandstone may date from after the extinction event, and could indicate that some species survived for up to half a million years. The study uses chemical investigations and evidence of rock age to support the hypothesis.
Researchers at Uppsala University and colleagues analyze fossil upper arm bones from ancient vertebrates, revealing two distinct life histories. Ichthyostega, a more terrestrial animal, undergoes significant changes in limb shape and muscle attachments as it grows, while Acanthostega remains aquatic with less dramatic transformations.
A recent study published in Osteoporosis International found that the bone density of vegan Buddhist nuns was identical to that of non-vegetarian women, despite lower protein and calcium intakes. The researchers noted that fruits and vegetables may have positive effects on bone health.
Scientists at Boston University discovered Resolvins, a new family of biologically active products of omega-3 fatty acids with therapeutic potential. These compounds have been shown to resolve periodontal inflammation and regenerate tissues in experimental gum disease models.
Professor Juliet Compston has received the IBMS John G. Haddad, Jr. Award for her significant contributions to clinical research in bone and mineral metabolism. Her work focuses on metabolic bone disease, osteoporosis, and the effects of glucocorticoids on bone health.
The study suggests that humans were experimenting with agriculture by cultivating local grains, rather than adopting from southern rice-farming areas. The findings provide insight into the origins of agriculture in northern China.