Articles tagged with Bones
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Two studies suggest that periodontal diseases are a threat to women of all ages. Women taking oral contraceptive pills are more likely to experience gingival bleeding and deeper periodontal pockets. Periodontal bacteria are also linked to bone loss in postmenopausal women, highlighting the importance of good oral health throughout life.
A new species of long-necked, gliding reptile has been identified from CT scans of fossilized bones. The Mecistrotrachelos apeoros had curved feet, suggesting it lived in trees and exhibited gliding behavior.
Researchers found that percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) significantly reduces tumor volume and alleviates symptoms in patients with radioiodine-ineffective bone metastasis from thyroid cancer. PEI's effectiveness was also linked to improved quality of life for selected patients.
Research suggests that young women are at risk for bone loss if they follow extreme diets and engage in rigorous exercise. Women may need to consume more calories to support bone health, as low energy availability can impair bone formation.
Researchers use archaeology, biochemistry, and ecology to study the behavior and ecology of northern fur seals over 1,500 years. They find evidence of reproductive behavior in prehistoric populations that differs from modern populations.
Scientists found a new species of sea anemone, Anthosactis pearseae, living on the carcass of a dead whale 1.8 miles below sea level. The anemone is small and white, with roughly uniform tentacle length, and may provide clues about human impact on deep-sea ecosystems.
Researchers found that bat flight is distinct from bird flight, particularly at small scales, due to its collapsible membrane and twisting wing path, generating different wakes and lift during the upstroke.
A University at Buffalo study finds that IL-17, a primary cause of bone destruction in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, protects bones from infectious pathogens in the oral cavity. Researchers discovered that blocking IL-17's receptor increases susceptibility to periodontal disease.
A Cornell University study found that graduate students ate 27% less chicken wings when they could see leftover bones accumulating on their table, compared to tables where food was cleared. The study suggests using environmental cues like empty glasses or bottles to curb overeating and overdrinking at social gatherings.
A study published by the American Academy of Periodontology found that subjects with periodontitis exposed to secondhand smoke experienced greater bone loss than those not exposed. This highlights the devastating effects of secondhand smoke on oral health, emphasizing the importance of smoke-free environments.
A 40,000-year-old human skeleton found in China suggests that modern humans may have migrated to the region via multiple routes rather than a single 'out of Africa' event. The discovery provides valuable insights into the emergence of modern humans in eastern Asia.
Researchers discovered a new cell type in pythons that degrades bone, allowing for efficient calcium absorption from prey.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science have discovered that the impermeable ring formed by osteoclasts is composed of individual podosomes held together by protein filaments. This unique structure allows the cells to confine bone-eating acids and enzymes, enabling efficient bone digestion.
Dutch researchers have developed a DNA layer that improves attachment, recovery, and immune response to body implants. The coating, patented by Jeroen van den Beucken, approximates the body's natural material, reducing inflammation and immune responses.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo have discovered that estradiol helps maintain bone density by stopping the activation of caspase-3, an enzyme involved in osteoblast apoptosis. This finding suggests that estrogens may prevent both bone loss and fractures through anti-apoptotic effects on bone cells.
Dr. David Mooney is recognized for his groundbreaking work on tissue engineering and tissue regeneration, including blood vessel and bone regeneration. He will receive the IADR Isaac Schour Memorial Award, a prestigious honor acknowledging outstanding scientific contributions in the field.
Karin Vargervik is being recognized for her extensive work on experimental and clinical issues related to bone formation and remodeling. Her research has focused on craniofacial growth, development, and malocclusions, with a particular emphasis on etiological factors.
A two-year study found that the drug risedronate reduced hip fractures in people with Parkinson disease by three times compared to placebo. Risedronate also increased bone mineral density and decreased biomarkers for bone loss, effectively controlling osteoporosis progression.
Research suggests that genetic variations in MMP1 and vitamin D synthesis genes are associated with a higher risk of complications after hip replacement surgery. Patients with specific genetic variations were more likely to experience aseptic loosening and deep infection.
Many dinosaurs had small genomes, with a clear dichotomy between theropod and ornithischian lineages. The researchers found that theropod genomes were smaller than expected, with an average of 8.4% repetitive DNA.
Researchers argue that bone quality is a flawed concept due to lack of precise definition and established measurement methods. The idea was initially proposed as a solution to explain the paradox of osteoporosis, but ultimately relies on increasing whole bone strength rather than targeting specific 'bone quality' features.
Researchers identified a critical molecular pathway in osteosarcoma, finding it also present in cats and dogs. This discovery could lead to advances in palliative care for companion animals with skeletal tumors.
Recent research suggests that humans likely inhabited the Americas before the Clovis People, who have been considered the first inhabitants of the New World. The revised dates for the Clovis time period indicate a shorter duration and overlap with other sites, casting doubt on the Clovis-first model.
A team of Penn State researchers found that plant-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may have a protective effect on bone health. The study, which included a controlled diet with three diets high in PUFA, showed significant decreases in biomarkers of bone resorption.
Researchers have made progress in restoring bone function using bone tissue engineering, which uses stem cells to regenerate bone tissue. This technique has shown success in animal studies and holds promise for clinical applications, but further research is needed to overcome existing challenges.
Researchers are investigating the causes of bone loss in astronauts due to prolonged weightlessness. The study focuses on the role of integrins, which may be key to decreasing bone cell production and preventing fractures.
A recent study suggests that the 'probe to bone' test, used to diagnose bone infections in people with diabetes, may not be as reliable as thought. The test, which feels for bone inside a wound, is only slightly better than chance when used alone.
The new CTX system will enable doctors and scientists to see inside living humans and animals, tracking 3-D skeletal movements with precision. This technology has applications for basic and applied research, including biomechanics, orthopedic surgeries, and injury treatments.
Researchers found that seeing leftover chicken bones on plates led to a 43% increase in eating, while those who ate off clean plates consumed less. The study suggests serving yourself onto a plate and stopping when it's empty can help prevent overeating at Super Bowl parties.
Paleogenetic research requires well-preserved archeological material, but treatment and storage conditions can deteriorate DNA. A new study shows that treating fossils like biological samples during excavation and after improves DNA amplification rates.
A unique clinical study under way at FSU means to find out if daily prunes can help keep the doctor away by reversing bone loss in postmenopausal women. Researchers are expanding treatment options for osteoporosis, a debilitating disease affecting 10 million Americans.
Researchers found that a medication used to reduce toxic side effects of chemotherapy can also increase bone tumor growth in mice. Physicians are advised to closely monitor cancer patients' bone health with regular scans and prescribe medications to prevent bone loss when needed.
A new study published in the Journal of Periodontology found that breastfeeding mothers who consume insufficient Calcium may be at risk for increased bone loss around their teeth and gums. The research emphasizes the importance of a high-Calcium diet during lactation to promote healthy periodontal tissues.
Researchers at NIH have discovered a gene responsible for a previously unexplained, fatal form of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. The CRTAP gene plays a crucial role in collagen production and is found to be nonfunctional in patients with this rare disorder, leading to deformed brittle bones.
Researchers have discovered that mutations in the p62 gene are associated with abnormal bone cell development, but do not cause full-blown Paget disease. Meanwhile, a study found that GIP and GLP1R hormones influence energy levels beyond the pancreas, affecting brain cells, adipose tissue, and body weight.
Researchers have discovered that oxidative stress contributes to neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, they found that IFN-gamma stimulates osteoclast formation and bone loss, while targeting FoxM1 may limit liver cancer progression.
Men who lose 3 centimeters or more of height as they age are at an increased risk of coronary heart diseases events, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and death. A study of 4,213 men found that substantial height loss is associated with poor eating habits and weight loss, leading to a higher mortality rate.
Researchers at University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine discovered targeting a single gene can inhibit bone decay while stimulating bone formation. This concept may lead to drug treatments for osteoporosis and other bone diseases.
The discovery of Little Foot, an Australopithecus fossil, has been revised to be around 2.2 million years old, pushing it back from earlier estimates of 3-4 million years. The findings suggest that Little Foot is a distant cousin rather than a direct ancestor of humans.
A new type of biocompatible glass with dual porosity has been developed to mimic the vital functions of bone, facilitating vascularization and cell adhesion. The glass has successfully tested in laboratory experiments and is being further investigated for its potential to stimulate bone regeneration.
Researchers find that organic molecules control the rate of crystal growth, allowing for the tuning of growth rates. The study's findings provide a new understanding of how proteins and biomolecules influence crystal formation.
Researchers found that exercising young rats reduced their risk of bone fractures later in life, demonstrating the importance of childhood exercise for future bone health. The study suggests that short periods of exercise during growth can stimulate bone development and lead to stronger bones.
Long-term Fosrenol treatment improves bone formation and reduces phosphorus levels in CKD stage 5 patients, according to a two-year study. The reformulated tablets also demonstrate efficacy as monotherapy for controlling serum phosphorus levels.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute found that bone stretches more than its fibers and mineral composition, allowing it to sustain large strains without breaking. The hierarchical structure of bone leads to a hierarchical deformation, with soft layers absorbing most of the strain, protecting the mineral phase from excessive loads.
A recent University of Colorado at Boulder study reveals that Paranthropus robustus had a diverse diet including fruits, nuts, sedges, and possibly animals, casting doubt on the idea that its extinction was linked to its eating habits. The findings suggest alternative explanations for the species' demise.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute and ESRF study bone deformation using X-rays, revealing a hierarchical structure that allows bones to sustain large strains without breaking. The findings provide new insight into the design principles behind healthy bone fracture resistance.
New analysis of 30,000-year-old Romanian fossils reveals a mix of human and Neandertal features, challenging the hypothesis that Neandertals were simply replaced by modern humans in Europe around 35,000 years ago. The study also shows that these early humans lacked full anatomical adaptations for hunting with spears.
A US study finds no link between rock climbing and increased osteoarthritis risk, despite increased bone density in climbers' fingers and hands. Climbing style intensity is a significant predictor of bone strength, with bouldering and sport climbing styles correlating with stronger bones.
A newly identified gene mutation in the CRTAP gene helps explain a subset of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) cases, where bones break easily due to abnormal collagen protein modification. The finding may also offer clues to as-yet-undescribed connective tissue diseases and provide insight into collagen formation.
A team of researchers has identified a new genetic mutation responsible for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a condition that makes bones more likely to break. The study found that mutations in the CRTAP gene reduce the ability of a protein involved in collagen formation, leading to weaker bone and increased risk of fracture.
Researchers found PLC-gamma-2 crucial for normal osteoclast development and function in mice with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The protein also regulates B cell differentiation, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for controlling joint destruction and bone erosion.
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center have received a $7.8 million grant to develop new treatments for bone fractures and arthritis. The team will explore ways to predict who is likely to suffer from osteoarthritis after injury and create targeted drug therapies to prevent it.
Researchers found a positive association between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease, particularly in individuals under 60 with significant alveolar bone loss. The study suggests that chronic infections and inflammatory responses from periodontal disease may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
New research suggests that skeletal microdamage resulting from bisphosphonate treatment may be maximal during the first year of treatment and not continue to accumulate with longer periods of treatment. The study found no increase in vertebral microcracks after 3 years of alendronate treatment compared to those treated for 1 year.
Researchers have discovered that the Black-Bone Silky Fowl has significantly higher carnosine levels than other chicken breeds, which may contribute to its long-standing use in traditional Chinese medicine. The study found that carnosine makes up 0.45% of the muscle tissue in Black-Bones, compared to 0.22% in White Plymouth Rocks.
A study on liver transplant patients found that those with low bone density before transplant showed significant improvement afterwards. Bone loss immediately following transplant was common and several risk factors were identified, including PSC, younger age at transplant, and smoking.
A new study questions the use of estrens as estrogen-like molecules for treating osteoporosis. Estrens improved bone strength in mice, but also caused adverse effects on reproductive organs and human breast cancer cells. Further clinical trials are needed to determine their safety.
A human study confirms that immune cells play a destructive role in periodontal disease. Researchers found that B cells and T cells produce RANKL, which induces osteoclasts and leads to bone loss.
A new study recruiting up to 2,000 people from the remote Isles of Orkney aims to discover genes that predispose individuals to osteoporosis. The research will utilize a unique population isolated from the UK mainland, allowing for easier tracking and identification of genetic factors.
The Mayo Clinic team has developed a consensus statement recommending the use of pamidronate over zoledronic acid for starting therapy, and stopping or reducing bisphosphonates after two years for safe management of multiple myeloma. The guidelines aim to minimize adverse reactions while maintaining effective bone disease prevention.