Articles tagged with Bones
Researchers reconciled inconsistencies between two pre-existing data sets for kaolinite, a major earth and industrial material. The findings provide a unifying approach for explaining crystal and mineral dissolution and growth, with implications for understanding geological time, nuclear waste storage, and biomedical issues.
Researchers identified a novel syndrome marked by rapid cartilage debonding and stripping away from bone in an affected family. The condition causes joints to be exceptionally susceptible to shattering, despite being diagnosed with various disorders in the past.
Researchers at Southampton and Nottingham universities are developing a new method of gene delivery to promote bone tissue formation. The technique, if successful, could provide a new source of bone tissue for orthopaedic procedures, addressing healthcare needs associated with trauma, degenerative disease, and age-related bone loss.
Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies may increase the risk of periodontitis due to inflammation and bone loss. Research suggests that obtaining adequate vitamin D through sunshine or fortified foods is crucial to prevent this.
Researchers have discovered a novel Group B Streptococcus (GBS) gene, iagA, that helps the bacteria invade the human blood-brain barrier, leading to meningitis. A glycolipid treatment has been found to induce long-term anergy in natural killer T cells, which could impact its use as an immune activator.
Scientists create ceramic nanospheres to fill fluid-filled channels in teeth, reducing sharp pain. The novel approach has the potential to be a game-changer for treating dental hypersensitivity.
Researchers propose a two-stage screening approach to identify individuals with low bone mineral density and increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. This could lead to improved cost-effectiveness in treatment, reducing the economic burden of fractures on individuals and society.
Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have discovered that the brain regulates bone density by controlling the activity of interleukin 1 protein. This finding holds promise for developing new treatments for osteoporosis.
Researchers at Sunnybrook Hospital have developed a unique mouse model that enables scientists to study how breast cancer spreads. By analyzing the genetic makeup of tumour cells, they hope to predict which tumours will metastasize and develop new treatments.
The discovery confirms a long-term association between people and livestock in southern Africa, challenging the view that the Kalahari was isolated. The findings provide insights into the spread of domestic livestock throughout Africa, highlighting the role of diseases such as tripanosomiasis in delaying their introduction.
A randomized trial of vitamin D3 supplements on postmenopausal black women found no significant difference in bone mineral density. Despite low initial levels of vitamin D, both groups experienced temporary increases in BMD before declines over three years.
A study of 106 postmenopausal women found that alveolar bone loss is the strongest predictor of tooth loss in this population. The risk of tooth loss increases by 3 times for each millimeter of alveolar bone loss and 2.5 times for each millimeter of clinical attachment loss.
Researchers found that alendronate, combined with calcium and vitamin D, significantly prevented further bone loss in liver transplant patients for four months after the procedure. After three years, patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis showed improved BMD despite not reaching normal levels.
Scientists at UC Santa Barbara have made a groundbreaking discovery about the molecular mechanisms that hold human bone together, revealing a 'glue' that absorbs shock and helps prevent fractures. The findings may lead to new therapies for bone fracture treatment and prevention.
A study in the American Thoracic Society's journal found that ethambutol can cause ocular toxicity, particularly in patients with renal insufficiency. The researchers recommended monthly visual acuity and color discrimination testing for patients taking high doses of the drug or receiving it for extended periods.
Researchers have developed a new technique using carbon nanotubes to mimic the role of collagen in bone tissue, leading to improved mechanical strength and flexibility for artificial bone grafts. This breakthrough could lead to a new type of bone graft for fractures and potentially even treat osteoporosis.
Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty treatments offer pain relief for osteoporosis sufferers, with the National Osteoporosis Foundation estimating 44 million Americans over 50 affected. The procedures stabilize fractured bones and prevent movement, providing significant cost savings.
Gordon wins the award for her research on treating bone loss in anorexic patients, while Mandl is recognized for his development of a real-time automated biosurveillance system to monitor bioterrorist attacks and outbreaks. The PECASE awards aim to nurture outstanding beginning scientists and engineers.
Researchers have developed a whole-body MRI technique that can scan patients' entire bodies in under 20 minutes for cancer spread to bone, detecting 100% of cases. This method offers better sensitivity and specificity than other methods, making it a promising tool for non-invasive cancer diagnosis.
Researchers have identified MMP-7 as a key player in prostate cancer-driven bone destruction, revealing a potential therapeutic target for controlling cancer-induced bone loss. The study's findings suggest that MMP inhibitors may be effective in interrupting osteolysis and promoting bone growth.
Researchers at Purdue University found that African-American and Caucasian adolescent girls handle sodium and calcium differently, leading to varying rates of hypertension and osteoporosis. The study concluded that excessive salt intake reduces bone density in both races, with Caucasian girls losing more calcium through their urine.
A study published in JAMA found that black women had a significantly lower risk of fractures than white women at every level of bone mineral density. Despite this, researchers emphasize the importance of considering individual factors such as body weight and other risk factors when assessing fracture risk.
Researchers at Yale University identified IRAK-M as a key regulator of bone cells, finding that its presence prevents bone loss and its absence leads to severe osteoporosis in mice. The study suggests IRAK-M could be a new target for treating or preventing osteoporosis.
Researchers found that a peptide called GPCS significantly inhibited bone mineral loss in isolated bone cells from newborn rats. Additional studies are needed to determine the mechanism of action and effectiveness of GPCS on human bone health.
Bone SPECT outperforms FDG PET in detecting breast cancer metastases, with a sensitivity of 85% and accuracy of 96%. PET's limitations make it less effective in revealing certain types of lesions.
Researchers found a link between high phosphorous levels and vascular calcification, leading to increased risk of cardiac problems. Treatment with an experimental medication alleviated skeletal weakening and decreased signs of vascular calcification in mice.
Researchers found evidence of the first elephant shrews' presence in North America, suggesting a greater animal migration than previously thought. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of mammalian evolution and the history of continental breakups.
A recent study suggests that patients with osteoporosis may have coexisting celiac disease, which can lead to impaired calcium and vitamin D absorption. Screening for celiac disease in patients with osteoporosis may be recommended to correct bone loss.
Research demonstrates that the sympathetic nervous system mediates bone resorption through a receptor on bone cells, which is required for osteoporosis development. Preventing this effect could lead to the prevention of osteoporosis. Drugs like beta blockers show promise in reducing fractures and may be repurposed to target bone health.
Tissue engineering aims to regenerate human tissue through artificial means, mimicking the body's natural processes. Researchers at U-M School of Dentistry are working on combining therapies to improve tissue engineering outcomes, such as using parathyroid hormone and bone morphogenetic proteins.
A new Georgia Tech micro-CT imaging technique helps tissue engineers develop better bone grafts by analyzing vascularization and mineralization. The technique provides high-resolution 3D images of bone repair, enabling researchers to optimize implant design and improve bone healing.
A new gene therapy technique converts dead bone grafts into fully functional, living tissue by triggering the body's natural bone remodeling response. This method uses genetically modified viruses to activate key proteins in healthy bones, effectively turning a dead bone splint into the patient's own, whole bone.
A study led by William Giannobile at the University of Michigan showed that gene therapy involving BMP-7 can produce nearly 50% more supporting bone around dental implants. This breakthrough has potential to reduce the need for bone grafts in reconstructive surgery.
Researchers have discovered a single human stem cell population derived from the bone marrow that can regenerate myocardium after myocardial infarction. This breakthrough has significant implications for treating heart failure and major morbidity associated with myocardial infarction.
Researchers at the University of Alberta found that adding calcium and vitamin D therapy alone provides significant benefit for patients with Crohn's disease who suffer from osteoporosis or osteopenia. The study concluded that physicians should consider BMD testing and drug therapy only for high-risk patients, not those with mild Crohn...
A study of 3,107 older adults found that screening for osteoporosis using a bone density test reduced the incidence of hip fractures by 36% compared to usual medical care. The study provides new evidence for the effectiveness of osteoporosis screening in preventing fractures.
Researchers at the Mayo Clinic have developed a new method to repair cleft palates using distraction osteogenesis, which gradually lengthens bone and soft tissue. The technique has shown promising results in animal studies, with some degree of bony closure observed in most treated animals.
Individuals with obesity produce more toxic oxygen molecules that lead to changes in fat-derived hormones and contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Treatment with antioxidants reduces ROS production and improves diabetes symptoms.
Research demonstrates that platelet aggregation and the release of LPA support bone metastases in breast cancer. Inhibiting platelet activity with Integrilin or targeting LPA signaling may slow tumor growth and reduce metastasis.
A study found that cancer patients receiving long-term bisphosphonate therapy were at risk of developing jawbone necrosis, a condition that can lead to bone death and require surgery. The condition is often associated with tooth extractions or other major dental work while on the drugs.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a method to align carbon nanotubes and filaments, similar to collagen fibers in real bones. This alignment improves cell adhesion and growth, potentially leading to better artificial joints that last longer and attach more securely to human bones.
A nationwide study found that women taking osteoporosis medications had fewer bone abnormalities and less knee pain associated with osteoarthritis. The research suggests that these medications, primarily alendronate and estrogen, may offer protective benefits for the development of knee OA.
FOSRENOL effectively controls hyperphosphatemia, a leading cause of renal osteodystrophy and bone pain in ESRD patients. Long-term use maintains bone health status without worsening bone status, unlike aluminum-based phosphate binders.
Researchers found that estrogen deficiency triggers the expression of interferon gamma, which stimulates T cell activation and TNF production. Estrogen treatment increases TGFb levels in bone marrow, leading to bone preservation.
A mouse study challenges the idea that a specific gene region is responsible for Down syndrome's characteristic facial features and traits. Researchers found that mice with only two copies of this region still exhibited shorter bones, contradicting previous assumptions.
Researchers at Tufts University found a significant gap in care for fracture patients, with few treated for osteoporosis despite increased risk of re-fracture. The study suggests that primary care physicians play a crucial role in reducing this risk through targeted counseling and medication.
Two studies found that soy-based diets improved cholesterol levels and increased bone mass in monkeys, suggesting a potential benefit for premenopausal women. The research suggests that soy may provide a potent protection against cardiovascular disease and could help maintain bone health after menopause.
Running and jumping exercises are most effective for strengthening bones in children, as they stimulate new bone growth where it is needed. Unlike swimming or biking, these activities do not affect longitudinal growth, making them a recommended choice.
A retrospective study found that low-dose ketamine infusions provided complete relief from CRPS pain for 76% of patients, with 54% remaining pain-free for three months or more. The therapy's effectiveness was linked to its ability to block NMDA-receptor complexes involved in pain processing.
A study by Dr. Massey Beveridge highlights the importance of orthopedic care in developing countries, where road traffic injuries and falls are major causes of disease burden among children. With only 400 surgeons serving 200 million people, access to simple surgical and obstetrical procedures could prevent up to 10% of all deaths.
Researchers are using genetically engineered 'mighty mice' to study the relationship between muscle and bone health. They hope to find a way to build bone and avoid osteoporosis in young people. Early evidence suggests that exercise may not have as much of an impact on bone density as previously thought.
The American Physiological Society (APS) has awarded over $140,000 to minority students pursuing careers in physiology. These Porter Physiology Fellows are conducting innovative research projects that aim to improve our understanding of various physiological processes.
A new study challenges the long-held view that high-dose steroids cause bone loss in children. Researchers found no signs of osteoporosis in 60 steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome patients, contradicting previous findings in other childhood diseases treated with steroids. Obesity may actually stimulate bone growth and increase bone mass.
A blood stem cell has been found to give rise to bone in mice, suggesting a potential basis for treatments to repair or restore bone. The study used retroviral integration site analysis to prove that a single type of stem cell can produce two distinct bodily tissues.
Thomas Jefferson University is developing a clinical trial using a bone-targeted agent to treat microscopic bony metastasis in high-risk prostate cancer patients. The trial aims to improve death rates from prostate cancer by combining hormones and radiation with the targeted agent, Quadramet.
A team of archaeologists has uncovered a cooking hearth and bone fragments at Alder Creek Camp in the Tahoe National Forest, providing new evidence to locate the Donner Party camp and settle debates about cannibalism. The discovery includes broken china, bits of jewelry, musket balls, fragments of a wagon, and a chunk of a writing slate.
Researchers discovered that human stem cells can replenish muscle fibers in mice with Duchene muscular dystrophy, offering a potential treatment. In contrast, elevated cyclic AMP levels halted egg maturation in females, while HIV protease inhibitors impaired osteoclasts leading to bone loss.
A large-scale study found that soy protein supplementation with isoflavones had no effect on cognitive function, bone mineral density, or cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women. The authors suggest that the timing of supplementation may be a key factor in determining its efficacy.
The absence of platelet-activating factor receptor in mice with induced menopause leads to improved bone mineral density and volume. Osteoclasts are responsible for PAF's mechanism of action, and inhibiting PAF receptor function reduces bone resorption.
A new mouse model study identifies the connection between maternal immune activation and reproductive hormone secretion systems, linking them to pregnancy loss. The researchers found that an inflammatory response caused by activated CD40 receptor led to embryo resorption due to decreased progesterone levels.