Research on bone health and repair. Covers bone healing, mineral density, skeletal evolution, and radiopharmaceutical trials.
Researchers found that genetically engineered muscle-derived stem cells (MDSC-B4) improved cartilage repair in rats, with well-integrated repaired tissue at 8, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery. The study also showed that MDSC-B4 could differentiate into chondrogenic cells depending on the type of medium they grew in.
Researchers are working on a three-year €2.5 million project to isolate and expand mesenchymal stem cells from cord blood for use in therapies. The goal is to create viable new medical uses for these stem cells, which could be used to repair bone defects and fractures.
Researchers have identified a new vitamin D-related compound that inhibits the production of c-Fos protein, which plays a key role in bone breakdown and resorption. In contrast, a nuclear protein called Tlx acts as an oxygen-sensing switch to regulate angiogenesis in retinal astrocytes.
Researchers have identified vitamin D as a potential target for preventing bone loss and osteoporosis. The study suggests that vitamin D may signal anti-osteoclastogenic action, which could lead to new treatments for this condition.
The study reveals that the calcium-sensing receptor is crucial for the proper localization of blood stem cells in the bone marrow. Without this receptor, stem cells are unable to adhere to essential bone proteins and have limited regenerative capabilities.
Researchers analyzed bone fragments at the Donner Family campsite in California's Tahoe National Forest, finding no conclusive evidence of cannibalism. The team discovered domestic and wild animals were consumed, but human bone was not identified.
Research suggests that maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy influences bone growth and risk of osteoporosis in offspring. Studies have found that women who took vitamin D supplements or were exposed to higher levels of sunlight during pregnancy had fewer deficiencies and lower risk of osteoporosis in their children.
Researchers discovered that substances produced in the body called endocannabinoids, which are present in bones and other tissues, help preserve bone density. A new synthetic compound has been developed to activate CB2 receptors, slowing osteoporosis development without psychoactive side effects.
Researchers have discovered that cannabinoid receptors, particularly CB2, play a crucial role in regulating bone density and reducing the risk of osteoporosis. The study found that mice with a specific gene defect exhibit lower bone density, while patients carrying a variant of the CB2 gene have a three-fold higher risk of osteoporosis.
A study of ancient Egyptian remains and art reveals that dwarfs were highly respected and integrated into society. Elite dwarfs held important positions, while ordinary ones specialized in various occupations, suggesting a positive image of short people in ancient Egypt.
A study of over 2,000 older adults found that higher magnesium intake was associated with increased bone density. The recommended daily allowance is significantly lower than the amount most people receive.
Researchers found that plateosaurs adjusted their growth to environmental conditions, growing faster in abundant food and slowing down during scarcity. This discovery challenges the conventional understanding of dinosaur growth, which was previously thought to be similar to modern mammals.
Chronic alcohol abuse can disrupt the balance of bone remodeling, leading to measurable bone loss over a few years. Alcohol-induced bone disease weakens bones and predisposes individuals to increased fracture risk and delayed fracture healing due to decreased osteoblast activity.
The shift in commonly used PTH assay has led to inconsistent results, potentially causing increased parathyroidectomy rates, unnecessary medication use, and adynamic bone disease among dialysis patients. Researchers have developed a more specific assay for PTH to address these concerns.
Researchers at UF have discovered a population of stem cells with characteristics of adult and embryonic stem cells in cultures derived from bone tumor biopsies. These findings suggest that osteosarcoma, a common bone malignancy in children, may be linked to primitive stem cells.
Researchers have confirmed that Gigantopithecus blackii, a gigantic ape weighing up to 1,200 pounds and measuring 10 feet tall, roamed the same region as early humans in southern China. The species is believed to have co-existed with humans during a time of major evolutionary change.
Scientists have developed a laser imaging technique that can assess bone strength more accurately, predicting the likelihood of young women developing osteoporosis in later life. By measuring collagen content, the new Raman spectroscopic technique eliminates the impact of overlying tissues.
Researchers reveal that a mesh-like protein skeleton gives red blood cells their rubbery ability to stretch without breaking, facilitating oxygen diffusion across the membrane. The model also suggests that deformation of the cell can enhance oxygen movement through narrow capillary openings.
The study aims to determine the window of time when smoking delays bone healing and identify ways to prevent it. Researchers hope to develop treatments that speed up healing in persistent smokers and those with bone injuries.
Researchers reconciled inconsistencies between two pre-existing data sets for kaolinite, a major earth and industrial material. The findings provide a unifying approach for explaining crystal and mineral dissolution and growth, with implications for understanding geological time, nuclear waste storage, and biomedical issues.
Researchers identified a novel syndrome marked by rapid cartilage debonding and stripping away from bone in an affected family. The condition causes joints to be exceptionally susceptible to shattering, despite being diagnosed with various disorders in the past.
Researchers at Southampton and Nottingham universities are developing a new method of gene delivery to promote bone tissue formation. The technique, if successful, could provide a new source of bone tissue for orthopaedic procedures, addressing healthcare needs associated with trauma, degenerative disease, and age-related bone loss.
Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies may increase the risk of periodontitis due to inflammation and bone loss. Research suggests that obtaining adequate vitamin D through sunshine or fortified foods is crucial to prevent this.
Scientists create ceramic nanospheres to fill fluid-filled channels in teeth, reducing sharp pain. The novel approach has the potential to be a game-changer for treating dental hypersensitivity.
Researchers have discovered a novel Group B Streptococcus (GBS) gene, iagA, that helps the bacteria invade the human blood-brain barrier, leading to meningitis. A glycolipid treatment has been found to induce long-term anergy in natural killer T cells, which could impact its use as an immune activator.
Researchers propose a two-stage screening approach to identify individuals with low bone mineral density and increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. This could lead to improved cost-effectiveness in treatment, reducing the economic burden of fractures on individuals and society.
Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have discovered that the brain regulates bone density by controlling the activity of interleukin 1 protein. This finding holds promise for developing new treatments for osteoporosis.
Researchers at Sunnybrook Hospital have developed a unique mouse model that enables scientists to study how breast cancer spreads. By analyzing the genetic makeup of tumour cells, they hope to predict which tumours will metastasize and develop new treatments.
The discovery confirms a long-term association between people and livestock in southern Africa, challenging the view that the Kalahari was isolated. The findings provide insights into the spread of domestic livestock throughout Africa, highlighting the role of diseases such as tripanosomiasis in delaying their introduction.
A randomized trial of vitamin D3 supplements on postmenopausal black women found no significant difference in bone mineral density. Despite low initial levels of vitamin D, both groups experienced temporary increases in BMD before declines over three years.
A study of 106 postmenopausal women found that alveolar bone loss is the strongest predictor of tooth loss in this population. The risk of tooth loss increases by 3 times for each millimeter of alveolar bone loss and 2.5 times for each millimeter of clinical attachment loss.
Researchers found that alendronate, combined with calcium and vitamin D, significantly prevented further bone loss in liver transplant patients for four months after the procedure. After three years, patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis showed improved BMD despite not reaching normal levels.
Scientists at UC Santa Barbara have made a groundbreaking discovery about the molecular mechanisms that hold human bone together, revealing a 'glue' that absorbs shock and helps prevent fractures. The findings may lead to new therapies for bone fracture treatment and prevention.
A study in the American Thoracic Society's journal found that ethambutol can cause ocular toxicity, particularly in patients with renal insufficiency. The researchers recommended monthly visual acuity and color discrimination testing for patients taking high doses of the drug or receiving it for extended periods.
Researchers have developed a new technique using carbon nanotubes to mimic the role of collagen in bone tissue, leading to improved mechanical strength and flexibility for artificial bone grafts. This breakthrough could lead to a new type of bone graft for fractures and potentially even treat osteoporosis.
Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty treatments offer pain relief for osteoporosis sufferers, with the National Osteoporosis Foundation estimating 44 million Americans over 50 affected. The procedures stabilize fractured bones and prevent movement, providing significant cost savings.
Gordon wins the award for her research on treating bone loss in anorexic patients, while Mandl is recognized for his development of a real-time automated biosurveillance system to monitor bioterrorist attacks and outbreaks. The PECASE awards aim to nurture outstanding beginning scientists and engineers.
Researchers have developed a whole-body MRI technique that can scan patients' entire bodies in under 20 minutes for cancer spread to bone, detecting 100% of cases. This method offers better sensitivity and specificity than other methods, making it a promising tool for non-invasive cancer diagnosis.
Researchers have identified MMP-7 as a key player in prostate cancer-driven bone destruction, revealing a potential therapeutic target for controlling cancer-induced bone loss. The study's findings suggest that MMP inhibitors may be effective in interrupting osteolysis and promoting bone growth.
Researchers at Purdue University found that African-American and Caucasian adolescent girls handle sodium and calcium differently, leading to varying rates of hypertension and osteoporosis. The study concluded that excessive salt intake reduces bone density in both races, with Caucasian girls losing more calcium through their urine.
A study published in JAMA found that black women had a significantly lower risk of fractures than white women at every level of bone mineral density. Despite this, researchers emphasize the importance of considering individual factors such as body weight and other risk factors when assessing fracture risk.
Researchers at Yale University identified IRAK-M as a key regulator of bone cells, finding that its presence prevents bone loss and its absence leads to severe osteoporosis in mice. The study suggests IRAK-M could be a new target for treating or preventing osteoporosis.
Researchers found that a peptide called GPCS significantly inhibited bone mineral loss in isolated bone cells from newborn rats. Additional studies are needed to determine the mechanism of action and effectiveness of GPCS on human bone health.
Bone SPECT outperforms FDG PET in detecting breast cancer metastases, with a sensitivity of 85% and accuracy of 96%. PET's limitations make it less effective in revealing certain types of lesions.
Researchers found a link between high phosphorous levels and vascular calcification, leading to increased risk of cardiac problems. Treatment with an experimental medication alleviated skeletal weakening and decreased signs of vascular calcification in mice.
Researchers found evidence of the first elephant shrews' presence in North America, suggesting a greater animal migration than previously thought. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of mammalian evolution and the history of continental breakups.
A recent study suggests that patients with osteoporosis may have coexisting celiac disease, which can lead to impaired calcium and vitamin D absorption. Screening for celiac disease in patients with osteoporosis may be recommended to correct bone loss.
A new Georgia Tech micro-CT imaging technique helps tissue engineers develop better bone grafts by analyzing vascularization and mineralization. The technique provides high-resolution 3D images of bone repair, enabling researchers to optimize implant design and improve bone healing.
Research demonstrates that the sympathetic nervous system mediates bone resorption through a receptor on bone cells, which is required for osteoporosis development. Preventing this effect could lead to the prevention of osteoporosis. Drugs like beta blockers show promise in reducing fractures and may be repurposed to target bone health.
Tissue engineering aims to regenerate human tissue through artificial means, mimicking the body's natural processes. Researchers at U-M School of Dentistry are working on combining therapies to improve tissue engineering outcomes, such as using parathyroid hormone and bone morphogenetic proteins.
A new gene therapy technique converts dead bone grafts into fully functional, living tissue by triggering the body's natural bone remodeling response. This method uses genetically modified viruses to activate key proteins in healthy bones, effectively turning a dead bone splint into the patient's own, whole bone.
Researchers at the University of Alberta found that adding calcium and vitamin D therapy alone provides significant benefit for patients with Crohn's disease who suffer from osteoporosis or osteopenia. The study concluded that physicians should consider BMD testing and drug therapy only for high-risk patients, not those with mild Crohn...
A study led by William Giannobile at the University of Michigan showed that gene therapy involving BMP-7 can produce nearly 50% more supporting bone around dental implants. This breakthrough has potential to reduce the need for bone grafts in reconstructive surgery.
Researchers have discovered a single human stem cell population derived from the bone marrow that can regenerate myocardium after myocardial infarction. This breakthrough has significant implications for treating heart failure and major morbidity associated with myocardial infarction.
A study of 3,107 older adults found that screening for osteoporosis using a bone density test reduced the incidence of hip fractures by 36% compared to usual medical care. The study provides new evidence for the effectiveness of osteoporosis screening in preventing fractures.
Researchers at the Mayo Clinic have developed a new method to repair cleft palates using distraction osteogenesis, which gradually lengthens bone and soft tissue. The technique has shown promising results in animal studies, with some degree of bony closure observed in most treated animals.
Individuals with obesity produce more toxic oxygen molecules that lead to changes in fat-derived hormones and contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Treatment with antioxidants reduces ROS production and improves diabetes symptoms.
Research demonstrates that platelet aggregation and the release of LPA support bone metastases in breast cancer. Inhibiting platelet activity with Integrilin or targeting LPA signaling may slow tumor growth and reduce metastasis.
A study found that cancer patients receiving long-term bisphosphonate therapy were at risk of developing jawbone necrosis, a condition that can lead to bone death and require surgery. The condition is often associated with tooth extractions or other major dental work while on the drugs.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a method to align carbon nanotubes and filaments, similar to collagen fibers in real bones. This alignment improves cell adhesion and growth, potentially leading to better artificial joints that last longer and attach more securely to human bones.