Articles tagged with Gender
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study by University of Toronto researchers found that a six-point performance rating scale reduces the gender gap in ratings, with both sexes getting top rankings almost equally. Altering the ratings scale can limit the expression of pre-existing biases, such as stereotypes associating brilliant performance with men more than women.
A recent study found a disproportionate increase in female youth suicide rates compared to males, particularly among younger youth. The study's findings indicate a narrowing of the gender gap in youth suicides, suggesting that future work should examine gender-specific risk factors and inform intervention strategies.
A new study by University of Michigan researchers found that LGBT employees report worse job experiences, less respect from supervisors, and lower job satisfaction compared to their non-LGBT colleagues. Racial/ethnic minority LGBT respondents also face additional challenges.
A new study by Ohio State University and Purdue University found that young children are better teachers when it comes to learning new words. The research suggests that toddlers learn more effectively from other children, rather than adults or family members.
Research reveals that American TV shows geared towards children aged 2-12 feature predominantly male characters, with 64% of males dominating the screen. Female human characters are more racially diverse, while non-human characters are almost exclusively male.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that the human brain perceives women less humanity and more like an object when they are dressed in a swimsuit or underwear. This perception might trigger treatments typically observed in interactions with objects, leading to gender violence.
A survey of 471 undergraduate women physicists found that nearly three-quarters had experienced gender harassment, leading to diminished sense of belonging and imposter phenomenon. The study emphasizes the need for a cultural shift in physics departments to address sexual harassment and promote diversity and inclusion.
A recent study published in the European Sociological Review found that having a female manager does not lead to higher earnings for women. Despite increasing representation of women in management positions, the gender gap in earnings remains significant, with women earning an average of 7% less than men.
A new research study by RCSI found that 15.8% of male medical students never felt intimidated during surgical placements, compared to 6.9% of female students. The study suggests that a lack of role models in surgery is a major deterrent for women in pursuing a career in surgery.
Researchers at Georgia State University discovered that societal expectations around gender roles can alter the human brain at a cellular level. This finding suggests that epigenetic marks in the brain drive differences between males and females, influenced by gender identity rather than just biological sex.
Researchers analyzed over 90,000 narrative medical school evaluations, finding significant differences in how female and underrepresented minority students are described. Evaluators often used personal descriptors to describe performance, with strikingly different words for men and women. The study also identified biases in descriptive...
A CABI-led study found that women face unequal access to agricultural advisory services, hindering their contribution to farming. The research proposes training female extension workers as 'lead contact' farmers to improve information dissemination and reduce gender inequalities.
A new study from Iowa State University found that same-sex couples are less likely to be approved for mortgages, with approval rates ranging from 3-8% lower. Same-sex applicants also faced higher interest and fees, with the difference adding up to $86 million annually.
Researchers found a small male advantage in mental rotation skills among children aged six to eight, with no difference detected among preschoolers. The study suggests that other factors may be more important than biology in driving the gender gap in spatial skills during childhood.
A study on Spanish teen series reveals that audiences tend to favor male and female characters based on gender, with males being seen as 'rebels' and females as 'nice people'. The study highlights the need for more diverse and complex characters to break away from traditional stereotypes.
A systematic review of 55 studies found that people with inflammatory arthritis experience higher rates of sexual dysfunction compared to others, primarily due to disease-related factors such as pain and mobility restrictions. This highlights the importance of considering the impact of inflammatory arthritis on sexual health and intima...
The UC Davis program aims to close the gender gap in STEM learning by providing mentors and hands-on STEM education tools to 11-year-old girls. The one-year pilot program will recruit 15,000 girls and pair them with mentors for up to 20 hours of guidance.
A recent study by the University of Kansas researcher Margaret Kelley found that first-year engineering students who hold progressive attitudes, including those about gender equity, are more likely to drink less. The researchers argue that this behavior becomes in conjunction with their more progressive attitudes on women in the profes...
A University of Colorado Boulder study found that gender quotas in local governing bodies can significantly reduce global deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions. When offered financial incentives, groups with gender quotas conserve more trees than those without quotas, even when men are present in decision-making roles.
A study in Ghana found that awareness of Female Genital Schistosomiasis is lacking, affecting disease control in girls and women. The researchers' findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address stigma and promote understanding of this chronic gynecological condition.
Researchers analyzed over 7 million Taiwanese records to discover wealth correlations among kinship members up to second cousin level. Wealth patterns differ by gender, with males showing stronger connections than females.
A study of over 800 medical residents found that standardized training is needed to address the unique clinical needs of LGBTQ patients, who face significant health issues due to discrimination and harassment. Despite improvements in knowledge after online training, resident training years had no impact on baseline scores.
A study published in Academic Emergency Medicine found that the gender-based salary gap persists among academic emergency medicine physicians, with a $12,000 disparity remaining unchanged. The study suggests that deliberate strategies be developed to train employers on preventing gender bias and prioritize pay parity.
A widely-used adoption assessment tool is found to be inadequate for measuring the needs of lesbian and gay couples who adopt cross-racially. The study, which tested 236 adoptive parents, highlights the need for more sensitive screening tools that can address the unique experiences of these families.
A new program aims to address this fear by providing patients with accurate information about treatment options and reducing the stigma around seeking help. The study found that nearly half of adults who die by suicide saw a primary care clinician within a month prior to their deaths.
A study of young people's preferences for love and relationships in fiction TV series reveals a gap between cognitive and emotional spheres. Young people value aspects like intimacy, passion, and enjoyment, but often conform to traditional gender stereotypes.
A new study by Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona researchers shows that tactile and proprioceptive stimulation can improve the effects of perinatal hypoxic and ischemic brain injuries throughout life. In particular, male mice benefited from sensory stimulation with reduced neurological damage and improved functional capacities.
A recent study from Baylor University found that women are more likely to believe the Bible is literally true than men. However, this may be because they report higher levels of closeness to God, which increases with prayer and Bible study. The study suggests that intimacy with God plays a key role in literalism, rather than gender.
A new study reveals that nearly half of new mothers and a quarter of new fathers leave their full-time STEM jobs within four to seven years of having their first child. This trend is attributed to cultural expectations and workplace obstacles, with women being more likely than men to switch to part-time work or leave the workforce alto...
A new study by the University of Exeter found that men and women value ecosystem services differently, with implications for sustainable development goals. The research, led by Professor Katrina Brown, identified how cultural and traditional gender roles influence resource use and management.
A study by the University of New South Wales found that male teachers are more likely to receive higher scores than female teachers in certain subjects. The research, published in PLOS ONE, analyzed over 525,000 student experience surveys and found bias against female teachers from non-English speaking backgrounds.
A Michigan Medicine-led study found that increased hours of education related to caring for transgender patients does not correlate with improved knowledge among physicians and other providers. Transphobia was the only predictor of provider knowledge, highlighting the need for medical education to address unconscious bias.
Researchers Profs. Sonia Kang and Sarah Kaplan offer five solutions to address structural and systemic barriers to advancing women in science, medicine and global health. The authors challenge common myths about diversity and inclusion and propose innovative interventions to create a more inclusive environment.
Game behavior can be analyzed to predict a person's personality features, including gender. Researchers used machine learning on large amounts of game data from the Steam gaming platform to make accurate predictions. The study shows that even limited information about gameplay and achievements can provide good predictive values.
A study analyzing 24,000 Canadian grant applications reveals that women are less successful in receiving funding when reviewers focus on the calibre of the applicant rather than the strength of the science. The gender gap is more pronounced when evaluating leadership and expertise as principal investigators.
A study of 15 highest-ranked social sciences and public health universities reveals persistent gender disparities in senior positions, with women concentrated in junior roles. Ethnic minority representation also lags behind, with women of color severely underrepresented in senior positions.
Women physician researchers make 7-8% less per year than men, leading to tens of thousands of dollars less in lifetime wealth. Researchers used new models to calculate the impact of salary disparities on accumulated wealth.
US preschool-aged children exhibit intersectional bias towards black boys, differing from positive responses to other groups. This early evidence highlights the importance of addressing bias in young children.
A study found that preschool-aged children exhibit gendered racial bias, with less positive evaluations of Black boys compared to Black girls, White boys, or White girls. This bias was present in both White and non-White children and is linked to social biases observed in adults.
A recent study published in Nicotine & Tobacco Research found that female smokers experience more stress and craving after viewing cellphone-delivered stress-inducing images than male smokers. This suggests that improving quit outcomes in women may require gender-specific cessation strategies. Researchers hope to use the data from this...
A new study challenges typical admissions criteria for physics Ph.D. programs by finding that GRE scores don't predict successful completion of doctoral degrees. Undergraduate GPA is the only robust predictor of Ph.D. completion, with no correlation between GRE test scores and completion rates across various demographics.
Researchers found that social media posts about sons receive 1.5 times more likes than those about daughters, perpetuating a gender imbalance. Posts featuring sons also tend to be liked more by both men and women, reinforcing the notion that boys are more important.
Researchers at UNIGE found that the feminization of men leads to an increase in homophobia as some men assert their manhood by stressing heterosexuality and rejecting homosexuality. The study suggests that this rise in homophobia is mainly among traditional men, who struggle with the decline of the anti-feminine norm.
Researchers found that male students' social connections influence leadership positions, while female students need both high network centrality and same-gender support to succeed.
A Canadian study found that asking patients about their sexual orientation and gender identity in primary care can lead to more inclusive and affirmative care for trans and nonbinary individuals. The study's findings suggest that including flexible response options and clear definitions can improve patient experiences.
A review aims to help primary care physicians care for vulnerable adolescents with gender dysphoria, emphasizing individualized approaches and collaborative decision-making. The review highlights the need for optimal care for this population, particularly in addressing gaps in research and ethnocultural diversity.
A study from the University of Kent discovered that part-time working mothers with flexible schedules often end up doing more unpaid overtime. This is despite having more control over their work hours. The researchers found an average increase of around 20 minutes in unpaid overtime for part-time working mothers.
A recent study by Tània Verge and Javier Astudillo found that executive positions in politics are heavily gender-skewed. Female candidates face obstacles such as lower party leadership advantages and more rigorous scrutiny when reapplying, despite having more political experience.
A new study by Lehigh University researchers found that women and men reach similar negotiation outcomes in a neutral setting, challenging the notion that men are more effective negotiators than women. The study suggests that individual behavior is more influenced by context than gender differences.
Non-binary individuals experience significant health disparities, including higher rates of psychological stress and poverty, according to a new study. Researchers call for improved care and awareness of non-binary patients in healthcare settings.
A new measurement tool, BIGI, provides a simplified but more accurate picture of gender inequality, focusing on educational opportunities, healthy life expectancy, and overall life satisfaction. Men are on average more disadvantaged than women in 91 countries, while women have a relative disadvantage in 43 countries.
Emergency department patients who are sexual or gender minorities report higher satisfaction with form-based information collection compared to nurse-led inquiries. The study's findings highlight the importance of addressing health disparities among these populations.
A new study by Nicolas Davidenko and colleagues reveals that a small tilt of the head can reduce the left-gaze bias and increase the upper-eye bias when viewing faces, making people more approachable. This finding has potential implications for individuals with autism and amblyopia.
Researchers found that age and sex play a greater role in forming psychological boundaries than culture. In the study, youth had a higher level of personal sovereignty than adolescents, with men being more concerned with territory sovereignty and women with time habits sovereignty.
Researchers have developed a neural network that can accurately detect age and gender from video frames, outperforming existing convolutional neural networks. The new method aggregates confidence levels using mathematical statistics and Dempster-Shafer theory, enabling the detection of age and gender with improved accuracy.
A new study, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, will investigate why few men are employed in early years education. The research team will work with hubs of EYE professionals, academics, and practitioners from Norway to identify best practices for recruitment, support, and retention.
Researchers found that customization features inspiring autonomy, community, and competence led to increased tracked workouts and weight lifted. Relatedness and competence also predicted user behavior, with gender playing a role in these effects.
A new study by University of Oklahoma sociologist Meredith Worthen reveals clear 'sexuality gap' between exclusive heterosexuals and others, as well as gender gaps among mostly heterosexual and lesbian, gay, and bisexual students. The research suggests that liberal attitudes are more common among LGB individuals, particularly women.
New research reveals that a third of UK workers believe flexible working creates more work for others and harms their career prospects. Men are more likely to view part-time and reduced-hour workers as negatively impacted, while women suffer from such stereotypes, leading to low uptake of flexible working rights.
Researchers at Virginia Tech are leading a national concussion study to examine the impact of gender on injury response, exploring how men's and women's rugby and lacrosse athletes respond differently to head injuries. The $1M grant will support data collection using advanced sensors and imaging techniques.