Articles tagged with Gender
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The study used event-related potentials to assess grammatical gender processing in German, revealing that participants found it difficult to process sentences with mismatches. Grammatically masculine role-nouns seem to be interpreted as specific to men, yet are regularly used to refer to all genders.
New research finds that State pension age changes are forcing many older workers, particularly women, to live precarious lives due to physically demanding jobs and insecure employment. Researchers argue that state-provided financial support mechanisms are needed to enable people to exercise control over their retirement timing.
A study by North Carolina State University found that women are more likely to support strict marijuana policies due to their religious beliefs and lower rates of cannabis use. Mothers, in particular, do not differ from childless women in terms of their views on marijuana policy or reported use.
The article argues that men should take intentional action to combat implicit and explicit biases that have kept women from advancing in the field. Women are often underrepresented in leadership positions due to societal perceptions and biases.
A study found that women face discriminatory attitudes in the Russian public administration, with many preferring male bosses and experiencing bias in hiring. Women often choose informal power over formal promotion, citing societal expectations and physical attractiveness.
A new study reveals that bias-based bullying causes greater harm to students, especially when they are targeted due to multiple identities. The research found that protective factors have varying effectiveness across different types of bullying.
The essay emphasizes the importance of inclusive communication in patient care, highlighting the need to avoid assumptions about gender identities and use gender-inclusive language. Using respectful approaches can help clinicians offer patient-centered care that moves beyond binary gender concepts.
A new study by Adrian Hoffmann and Jochen Musch found that people are significantly more prejudiced against women (37%) than initially thought (23%), as indirect questioning methods reveal honest responses. The study suggests that women are more reluctant to express prejudice, possibly due to societal expectations.
A study by Queen Mary University of London reveals that countries with higher levels of gender inequality have a disproportionate number of female child deaths. Girls in these societies face unequal access to healthcare and are more likely to be at risk of mortality due to their sex.
Researchers found that using priming can lead to significant changes in competitive behavior among both men and women. The study revealed that when men were primed to exert influence, they became more cautious, while women became more confident. This breakthrough has implications for education and professional training.
A yearlong program for adolescent refugee girls in Sub-Saharan Africa successfully promoted healthy transitions to adulthood, reducing reports of sexual and physical violence. The COMPASS program taught life skills geared to build girls' knowledge of violence risk factors and empower them to advocate for their rights and physical safety.
A new study suggests that more equal women's opportunities and resources lead to distinct differences in preferences between men and women. The research, based on survey data from 76 countries, found a stronger differentiation in preferences in more developed and gender-equal counties.
A new study published in the Journal of Applied Psychology finds that psychopathic tendencies can help men rise through management ranks, but have a negative impact on women's leadership prospects. The researchers suggest that this double standard may be due to societal expectations and gender norms.
A recent study found that personality differences between men and women are largest in the most gender equal countries. Women generally rated themselves as more neurotic, social, inquisitive, caring, and responsible than men, with these relative differences being larger in gender equal countries.
A growing number of Australians question traditional gender boxes, with QUT research examining biological and sociological factors associated with non-binary gender identity recognition. The study found that taller female height is a statistically-relevant factor influencing self-identification as non-binary.
A recent study at the CHEST Annual Meeting 2018 revealed that women are underrepresented as Fellows in CHEST but have increased application rates. The study found significant differences in gender distribution among specialties and letter of recommendation authors, highlighting barriers to academic advancement for women.
A recent study by Stevens Institute of Technology found that both men and women favor female politicians, with men rating them significantly higher than male politicians. The survey of 1,400 voting-age Americans revealed that men, particularly Democratic men, assess women politicians more favorably than male politicians.
A new study reveals women are two and a half times less likely to ask a question in departmental seminars compared to men. Despite an equal gender ratio, women's self-reported feelings towards speaking up differ significantly from those of men.
The study found that entertainment media has a long way to go to improve stereotypes about women in STEM careers. Despite the presence of female role models, girls and women are less likely to pursue STEM if they don't see themselves represented in media.
A survey of 6,082 racially/ethnically diverse high school students in California and Florida found associations between nonconforming gender expression and mental distress. The study highlights the need for more research on the topic, particularly among adolescents independent of sexual orientation.
Research by American Psychological Association reveals that girls exhibit better reading and writing ability than boys as early as the fourth grade. The achievement gap widens further with age, particularly for writing tasks. Experts attribute this to factors such as peer pressure, learning disabilities, and differences in brain function.
A recent study found that women veterans with chronic musculoskeletal pain are more likely to use complementary and integrative health (CIH) therapies, such as meditation, yoga, and acupuncture. The study, which analyzed data from nearly 500,000 men and women veterans, showed that rates of CIH use varied by race/ethnicity and age, with...
A systematic review found that middle-aged drinkers with no drinking problem have minor or non-existent health concerns about their drinking behavior. Factors such as respectability, gender, and social influences play a significant role in shaping their attitudes towards drinking.
The study analyzed the ways children's gender narratives reinforce or disrupt gender inequality, revealing two master narratives that emphasize differences between boys and girls. Alternative narratives, including incongruent and counternarrative types, challenged these dominant stories, with some children explicitly questioning and re...
A study by The BMJ reveals a small but significant pay gap between white and black minority ethnic (BME) hospital doctors in England. For consultant grades, the gap is larger, with white consultants earning an extra £4,644 per year compared to BME consultants. Further investigation into the reasons behind these differences is warranted.
A study found that men exceed women in university and federal entomology jobs by a roughly 3-to-1 ratio, despite women earning over 40% of doctoral degrees in entomology. The research highlights the need for gender equity in academia and government.
This Inter Faculty volume delves into the importance of engagement in human sciences, discussing identity, linguistic concepts, and ethical interpretation. Research papers explore topics such as maintaining national minority rights, grammatical gender in Japanese and Ancient Greek languages, and Confucian ethics.
A study by researchers at Binghamton University found that individuals with traditional masculinity beliefs are more likely to blame victims and less likely to report rapes. The findings suggest that challenging these beliefs may help increase reporting of rapes and prevent victim-blaming.
A study by international female scientists found that women represent 30% of the CGE community but only 15-18% in prestigious roles. The researchers identified common barriers including gender stereotyping, the 'maternal wall', microaggressions, and harassment, which can hold women back in their careers.
A study using machine learning analyzed over 2,500 participants to rank determinants of future affluence. Occupation and education were the best predictors, followed by location, gender, and surprisingly, delay discounting, a person's ability to wait for rewards.
New research from Florida State University reveals troubling disadvantages against women in business, including bias and unequal treatment in the stock market. Women CEOs are paid less, have shorter tenures, and their companies experience worse stock performance despite being equally profitable as those run by men.
A study by the University of Adelaide found that companies with a balanced mix of men and women on their boards experience significantly fewer environmental lawsuits. This suggests that female directors contribute to reducing corporate environmental litigation, with a saving of up to $3.1 million per lawsuit.
Researchers developed an IoT-based platform called OBSY that improved active learning engagement and outcomes in primary school students. The device, designed to be child-friendly, enabled students to visualize data and experiment with different conditions, leading to higher learning engagement and improved outcomes.
A study analyzed 50 top-grossing US films and found that women are now more often cast as characters holding positions of power. Despite this improvement, women are still under-represented on screen. The researchers also found that female lead characters were more likely to hold high-ranking positions and display physical aggression.
A UC Davis study found that countries with high women's labor force participation support equal rights, while liberal Western nations endorse individualism. Former socialist states maintain patriarchal views, despite strong maternity provisions.
Researchers found that people from Nordic countries, North America, Australia, and New Zealand have the best spatial navigational abilities. Spatial navigation ability declines steadily across adulthood, but is also influenced by country wealth and gender equality.
A new study by researchers at the University at Buffalo School of Management found that men are still more likely than women to emerge as leaders, despite a narrowing of the gender gap in recent decades. The study attributed this persistence to societal pressures and unconscious biases against communal traits.
A 19-year review of nearly 582,000 heart attack cases reveals that female patients have a significantly higher survival rate when treated by women doctors. The study's findings also suggest that male doctors with more female colleagues in the ER can improve survival rates for female patients.
A new study found that female patients treated by male physicians had lower survival rates compared to those treated by female physicians. Increasing the presence of female physicians in emergency departments may improve outcomes for these patients.
A new study found that men's reports of lifetime sexual partners are skewed by extreme numbers and estimating rather than counting, contributing to the notorious 'gender gap'. Adjusting for attitudes towards casual sex and excluding paid-for partners narrowed the gap.
A new research study by Lehigh University's Eric P.S. Baumer found that current Facebook users are more likely to be middle-aged, female, not seeking employment, and from higher-income households. Respondents who had looked for work in the past four weeks were more likely to have deactivated their accounts. The study also reveals socio...
A recent study analyzed 34,770 NIH research grantees and found that women who obtain NIH funding stay in the workforce longer, but are less successful at receiving funding for project renewals. The findings suggest a need to encourage women to enter academia and support continued grant submissions.
Researchers found that humans working in ORs follow primate patterns of hierarchy and gender, with conflicts mainly occurring between team members from different ranks. The study also showed that cooperation varied by gender composition of the team, with less cooperation when there were more male members.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that female presenters receive more polarized comments on TEDx and TED-Ed videos than male presenters. The research team attributed this to historical gender norms and the online community's tendency to respond harshly to women in traditionally male fields.
Researchers developed a metric called the Facebook Gender Divide based on aggregate statistics from 1.5 billion users across 217 countries. The study found that countries with lower Facebook Gender Divide are rapidly approaching economic gender equality.
Research in the Journal of Applied Social Psychology found that individuals show in-group favoritism when it comes to representation on US currency. For example, those from high-status groups prefer to maintain their dominance, while lower-status groups and change-seekers prefer women or diverse alternatives.
Research published in Journal of Applied Social Psychology found that Americans exhibit in-group favoritism when choosing currency faces. Individuals with lower-status groups preferred female representation, while those from high-status groups favored existing figures.
A Penn study highlights the value of collecting patients' sexual orientation and gender identity, but cautions medical providers against drawing conclusions from this data. The research emphasizes the need for comprehensive care and detailed questions about a patient's behaviors when clinically relevant.
A new Yale study analyzes the changing use of Title IX from 1994 to 2014, revealing that complaints citing discrimination in academics are the most common type filed, while athletics complaints are the least. The study also shows that private schools with high selectivity rates face higher numbers of specific kinds of complaints.
Psychologists at Rice University argue that organizations must provide training, support, and opportunities for growth to eliminate the wage gap. The researchers highlight myths regarding the gap and offer suggestions for its elimination, including removing barriers, providing equal growth opportunities, and promoting diversity.
A study found that smaller societies with female leadership have higher female representation, but still lag behind male representation, indicating a need for constitutional commitments to equality. Academic societies can promote gender equity through supporting female leadership and making an outward commitment of equality.
A new study aims to identify the causes of the gender pay gap in medicine through dataset interrogation and qualitative evidence, with the goal of offering actionable recommendations. The project, led by Professor Carol Woodhams, will inform future decision-making for the Doctors' Pay Review Body.
Survey data shows Trump's early presidency exacerbating demographic and cultural differences between Republicans and Democrats. Author Gary Jacobson warns of Democratic prospects for winning House control if Trump's approval ratings remain below 40%.
A study found that brain activity and structure in transgender adolescents are more similar to their desired gender than their assigned biological sex. This suggests that differences in brain function may occur early in development, making brain imaging a useful tool for earlier identification of transgenderism in young people.
A new poll finds that older adults are generally satisfied with their sex lives, but health-related issues, lack of communication, and age-related changes can affect intimacy. Nearly two-thirds of older adults are interested in sex, and 73% say they're satisfied with their current sex life.
Older adults are more likely to adhere to a group exercise program when they work out with people their own age. A recent University of British Columbia study found that participants in age-targeted groups attended an average of 9.5 more classes than those in mixed-age groups.
Research by Dr Heather Ford and colleagues found that female scientists are at a disadvantage in presenting their research, particularly in early career stages, where men dominate senior roles. The study calls for increased opportunities for students and early-career researchers to present at conferences.
A study of 2.3 million LinkedIn users found that revealing the number of applicants increases applications from diverse backgrounds, including women and inexperienced workers. This could help companies close diversity gaps and bolster labor markets.
A 15-year dataset of academic journals found that only 45% of researchers are women, with some disciplines having significantly fewer than 45%. The study identified areas that need new initiatives and reforms to reach gender parity.
A recent study reveals that women are underrepresented in STEMM fields, with some disciplines showing a significant gender gap. The research suggests that it may take decades or even centuries to close the gap in certain fields, highlighting the need for practical measures such as reforming academic publishing and peer review.