Articles tagged with Gender
A team of researchers from Princeton and Stanford University has developed methods to obtain fairer data sets containing images of people. They propose improvements to ImageNet, removing non-visual concepts and offensive categories, such as racial and sexual characterizations.
A European research project highlights the need for more resources and greater gender competence to make science equality measures effective. The study analyzed 19 interventions in six countries, including Spain, and found that Spanish institutions have one of the most advanced legislative frameworks but lack sufficient resources.
A recent study from Cornell University found that even brief periods of solitary confinement significantly increase an inmate's risk of death after release. The research analyzed nearly 14,000 former inmates and discovered a 60% higher mortality rate among those who experienced solitary confinement, primarily due to non-natural causes.
Researchers have discovered 21 gene variants associated with estrogen signaling pathways in the brain of transgender individuals, suggesting a potential biological link to gender dysphoria. These variants may disrupt normal masculinization of the brain during critical periods of development.
A special issue of Young explores how young people use music to express their feelings on the crisis, with studies focusing on feminist reggaeton in Spain and rap/mahragan in Egypt. The research shows how these genres have become politicized tools for subversive empowerment and resilience.
The study, conducted at FiraTàrrega market in Tàrrega, Spain, found that women are more likely to cooperate and have a better understanding of their partner's intentions. Men, on the other hand, tend to be more impulsive and less cooperative when interacting with someone of the same gender.
Researchers will develop new tools and protocols to mitigate and address gender and ethnic bias in job advertising, hiring, and professional networking processes. The project aims to reduce labour market inequalities caused by these biases.
A recent study by Virginia Tech researchers found that individuals perceive fonts to have political attributes, with serif fonts viewed as more conservative and sans-serif fonts leaning liberal. The study suggests that font choices can convey ideology through letterforms, with implications for political campaign professionals.
New Zealand researchers reveal a significant gender pay gap, with men earning an average of NZ$400,000 more than women over their lifetime. Only 40-70% of the pay gap can be attributed to research performance and age.
A new study published in Family Practice shows a significant gender gap in biomedical paper publication rates, with women accounting for 48% of first authors in primary health care journals. The study found that women are less likely to publish articles on trials and have fewer research grants, contributing to the disparity.
Research shows that children aged 3-6 consider dominant individuals to be boys, with a power-masculinity association observed in both boys and girls. However, in some situations, particularly when considering power relations with the opposite gender, girls do not significantly identify with the dominant character.
Researchers found that people rarely used the pronoun 'she' when referring to the next U.S. president before the 2016 election, despite believing a woman would win. The study suggests an implicit bias against using 'she' in such contexts, which persisted even after Clinton's expected victory.
A study by Dr Jingnan Chen from the University of Exeter Business School found that highlighting women's achievements in the workplace can significantly increase their willingness to lead. In mixed-gender teams, public feedback about a woman's performance can encourage capable women to take on leadership roles.
A study by the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine found that teenage boys who witness their peers abusing women and girls are more likely to bully and fight with others. In contrast, those with equitable gender attitudes had lower odds of reporting violent behaviors.
A global study found that attitudes towards gay men and lesbian women vary greatly across countries, with gay men consistently rated more negatively. The researchers identified three exceptions where negative attitudes were not correlated with gender norms, including China, India, and South Korea.
A survey of homes in rural India reveals that men dominate electricity use patterns, suggesting that households with electrified access may benefit more from male members. Despite efforts to improve female well-being through clean energy, women reported that only a quarter experienced increased time for personal activities.
A study by Dr Brianna Verigin found that nearly half of all lies are told by a small number of prolific liars, who use their charm and words to deceive others. These expert liars prefer face-to-face interactions and often lie to close family members and colleagues.
A new study published in the Cambridge Journal of Economics finds that countries taking the 'low road' to growth, like the US, experience adverse effects on wellbeing and future prosperity. In contrast, Scandinavian countries that take the 'high road' by investing in social reproduction see positive effects on human welfare.
The editorial highlights burnout among physicians, including women, and the persistent gender gap in the neurology workforce. The authors suggest structural changes to address these issues, such as flexible work hours, daycare, and mentorship programs.
Researchers found that women in Ethiopia often delay seeking care due to social taboos surrounding genital and breast diseases, while men may be deterred by economic dependence on their partners. The study suggests integrating NTD treatment into primary healthcare can address these gender-related challenges.
A new review analysis published in Nature Astronomy finds that increasing diversity among astronomers can lead to significant research discoveries and improved innovation. The study highlights progress in gender equity, with initiatives such as the Pleiades Awards leading to a culture change in Australian astronomy.
Recent research suggests that gender dysphoria may be caused by altered activity in the distress, social behavior, and body-ownership networks. This new theory challenges the existing understanding of the condition.
A study on the Eromin Center, one of the first LGBT counseling centers in the US, highlights the importance of clinical activism and community-based practice in providing support for LGBT people. The center's approach, which focused on self-acceptance and personal strengths, has had a lasting impact on the field of mental health care.
Men with more traditional views on gender roles tend to have higher allostatic loads due to stress, while those with progressive views are protected. Financial dependency on women is not linked to increased stress, but traditional beliefs about gender roles are.
A study of over 300 transgender children found that their gender identity is as strong as that of cisgender children, regardless of how long they have lived in their assigned gender. This suggests that transgender children may be self-socializing to learn how to 'be' their current gender.
A study of 317 transgender children in the US and Canada found that their gender development is comparable to that of cisgender peers. The research suggests that social transition timing does not impact gender identity, paving the way for further exploration of demographic and family influences on gender development.
A new study by George Washington University's Amanda J. Visek found that girls and boys alike rank trying their best and working hard as key to having fun in youth sports, while winning is ranked 40th in importance. The study also uncovered small yet intriguing differences in fun priorities depending on age or gender.
A Mayo Clinic study found that men reported higher levels of physical activity and greater confidence in maintaining good health habits compared to women. Women, however, had lower self-reported levels of physical activity and lower confidence in their ability to maintain it.
Researcher Nora Wendl is re-examining the life and legacy of Edith Farnsworth, a pioneering female physician who commissioned Ludwig Mies van der Rohe to build Farnsworth House. By removing Mies-designed furniture, Wendl aims to showcase Farnsworth's own design vision and challenge traditional narratives of modern architecture.
A recent study published in Comparative European Politics found that EU attitudes on gender quotas in management boards are divided, with stronger support in countries like Cyprus and Portugal. The study revealed a paradoxical relationship between support for the quota and actual gender equality in each country.
Despite small gains, women make up only 18% of medical school deans and 26% of chairs in pediatrics; researchers argue that basic scientific principles can foster gender equity. Initiatives have failed due to lack of institutional support, and diversity task forces risk widening inequities.
Preliminary research suggests that higher levels of social support can reduce the negative effects of discrimination on heart health in transgender and gender non-conforming adults. The study found a link between lower levels of social support and increased rates of risky drinking and lower sleep duration.
Researchers argue that incorporating sex and gender into scientific studies can improve experiments, reduce bias, and lead to new discoveries. Examples include advancements in climate change research, facial recognition systems, and social robots. The goal is to increase transparency and promote inclusion in research.
Researchers analyzed data from Fitbit Flex 2 devices and phone apps to understand the impact of individual discrimination events on college students' daily lives. On average, students who experienced unfair treatment were more physically active, interacted with their phones more, and spent less time in bed.
Researchers found facial analysis services performed worse on transgender individuals and were unable to classify non-binary genders, highlighting outdated stereotypes in the systems' assessment of gender. The study suggests moving away from gender classification altogether and using more specific labels like 'long hair' or 'make-up',
A study published by the American Psychological Association found that consumers are less likely to support organizations led by women after an ethical failure, but more willing to forgive them for competence failures. The research highlights the impact of gender stereotypes on consumer perceptions of female-led companies.
A new study found that showing young children examples of gender-nonconforming peers who exhibit positive traits reduced bias against them. The intervention was tested on 315 Hong Kong Chinese children aged 4-9 years old.
Using audio recordings, researchers found that listening to speech patterns allowed strangers to accurately predict social class, age, gender, and race more than half the time. Speech patterns were less accurate for social class judgments compared to other categories, suggesting they may perpetuate social inequality.
A study examining sociodemographic factors associated with passing American Board of Surgery board exams found that women and family-salaried physicians were more likely to pass. General surgeons who identified as Asian or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander also had higher board exam passing rates.
A study by University of Tokyo researchers found that parental gender role attitudes and negative images of STEM fields contribute to Japanese girls' reduced university participation. Parents who support gender equality can encourage girls to pursue STEM fields.
A new study by New York University researchers found that children associate White men with 'brilliant' more than White women, but not Black men and women. Children's views on intellectual abilities differ depending on the ethnicity of the individuals being reasoned about.
The American Geriatrics Society advocates for an end to gender-based discrimination in the workforce and care, recognizing its negative impact on public health. The organization's position statement outlines four recommendations to address bias and promote diverse perspectives.
A University of Colorado Boulder study found that women tend to take cover during emergencies and prepare for evacuation but often struggle to convince men to do so. Women are also relegated to traditional roles such as homemaker after disasters, while men focus on finances and lead community efforts.
A new study reveals that prioritizing a subset of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) would lead to greater overall progress. Focusing efforts on Life below Water, Life on Land, and Gender Equality goals reinforces virtuous circles and achieves better outcomes.
A four-year study of over 500 research institutions found that promotion, recruitment, and retention of women to senior roles are lacking in STEM. Despite efforts by some institutions to implement supportive policies, the report suggests a persistent need for action to achieve gender equity.
A study of 3.5 million books found that words describing women tend to focus on physical appearance, while those describing men refer to behavior and personal qualities. The analysis highlights the potential impact of biased language on AI systems and employee recommendations.
Researchers used convolutional neural networks to analyze electrocardiogram data from over 500,000 patients, estimating their 'physiologic age' and determining sex with high accuracy. The study suggests AI-enhanced EKGs could help doctors identify asymptomatic conditions and improve healthcare outcomes.
The article provides a comprehensive overview of gender affirmation surgical therapies encountered in diagnostic imaging. It defines normal postsurgical anatomy and describes select complications using a multidisciplinary, multimodality approach. Key findings include the importance of regular prostate cancer screening for trans-female ...
A study of over 1,200 US college students found that gender minority students are between two and four times more likely to experience mental health problems than their cisgender peers. The research highlights the need for colleges and universities to take action to protect and support trans students on campus.
Transgender men who become pregnant are at higher risk for depression, mental health struggles, and difficulty in receiving proper medical care. Nearly 25% reported negative health experiences, with many seeking alternative non-physician providers.
A new study finds that female executives decrease the wage-gap for women at the top of a firm while widening it at the bottom. Female leadership also improves firm performance by boosting sales per worker when led by female CEOs.
A new paper highlights individual and systemic challenges faced by early-career female family physicians, including implicit bias, burnout, and unequal pay. The authors call for practical strategies such as training, flexible scheduling, and comprehensive leave policies to support female physicians and promote gender equity.
The Lancet Group's new Diversity Pledge and No All-Male Panel Policy aim to increase the representation of women and colleagues from low-income countries among editorial advisers, peer reviewers, and authors. The policies also commit to reflecting a broader range of voices in communications activities.
Despite progress, women's attitudes toward equality with men have shown no signs of improvement over the last four decades. The study found that highly educated white people who work long hours are more likely to hold negative attitudes toward women's work.
A recent study found that people on both sides of the political spectrum value proportionality in achieving success, with liberals caring more about equity and conservatives valuing proportionality. The researchers aimed to understand the moral foundations behind political partisanship and how it influences policy support.
Researchers found that turtle embryos move towards warmer ends of eggs and develop into females or males based on the temperature gradient. This study provides a rare 'good news' story about conservation, as it suggests that turtles may be more resilient to climate change than thought.
A recent study by Washington State University researchers found that women and professionals outside of university settings are underrepresented in high-impact, peer-reviewed archaeology publications. The authors suggest that structural barriers, lack of time and resources, and limited opportunities contribute to this disparity.
A new study found that women and racial/ethnic minorities are underrepresented in US emergency medical services, with less than a quarter of newly certified paramedics being female. The gaps are more pronounced among paramedics, who provide critical invasive interventions and make complex decisions.
Researchers from the University of Otago propose a more nuanced approach to gender divisions in elite sports, considering principles of inclusion and fairness. They suggest alternatives to current guidelines, including options for transwomen's participation, to balance diversity and fair competition.
A new Northwestern University analysis reveals that women's perceived competence has increased relative to men's, consistent with their growing participation in the labor force and education. However, women are still seen as less ambitious and decisive than men, a disadvantage in relation to leadership.