Articles tagged with Gender
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study by UOC researchers found that sexist views within families can impact academic decisions, with girls more likely to confront sexism and seek help, while boys tend to avoid it. The study also highlights the importance of educating both boys and girls on equality and dealing with sexism.
A study by the University of Exeter found that managers who thought gender bias no longer existed were more likely to recommend higher salaries for men and undervalue female staff. The research suggests that holding this belief constitutes a critical risk factor for perpetuating issues of gender bias.
Despite efforts to equalize gender representation in STEM fields, persistent gaps remain, particularly in Physics, Engineering, and Computer Science. Low-achieving men dominate these fields, while high-achieving women are discouraged from entering.
A new study published in Science found that the disparity in PECS majors is not caused by higher math achievement among men. Instead, researchers discovered that low-achieving males were choosing these fields at the same rate as high-achieving females.
A recent study found that despite Oregon's strong laws protecting trans women from discrimination, they often struggle to navigate the healthcare system, leading to delayed or denied care. The study highlights the need for improved training and support for healthcare workers to address these challenges.
A recent analysis found that women comprise only a third of all COVID-19 research authors, with even fewer holding senior author positions. Lockdown measures may have exacerbated these disparities due to competing caregiving duties. The study emphasizes the need for gender equality in science to combat the pandemic effectively.
A new study reveals that opposition to sexual and gender minority rights in the US is correlated with Christian and political conservatism. Participants who identified as Christians were more likely to support laws denying these groups equal rights.
A New Zealand study of almost 50,000 people found that women use more diverse modes of travel and emit lower greenhouse gases. Women take shorter trips, walk more, and are more likely to use public transport than men.
A new study found that primary school students' perceptions of science and scientists are influenced by media stereotypes, with many feeling that a career in science is too difficult or high-pressure. Despite this, most students do not see gender as a barrier to becoming a scientist, showing progress in normalizing women in STEM.
Research by Gijsbert Stoet and David Geary found that men are less likely to pursue tertiary education due to weaker reading abilities and negative attitudes towards women attending college. The study analyzed data from 18 countries, predicting a significant drop in male representation if discriminatory attitudes were eliminated.
A new study finds that preliminary criterion scores do not mitigate racial disparities in NIH grant awards, with black investigators receiving worse scores on all five criteria. The study reveals substantial funding gaps between black and white applicants, with black PIs award probability only 55% of their white counterparts.
A global study involving over 46,000 participants found that younger people report greater feelings of loneliness than older adults. The study also revealed cultural differences in loneliness levels, with individuals in collectivist societies experiencing lower levels of loneliness.
A Cornell University study finds that inquiry-based physics labs, designed to encourage student agency, actually contain gender imbalances and biases when compared to traditional, highly structured labs. The researchers analyzed student behavior in two types of labs and found that men and women take on different roles within groups.
A new study found that facial feminization surgery improves quality of life and provides a more feminine facial appearance in transgender women. The study, which analyzed 66 consecutive patients, showed median scores on a facial feminization score increasing from 47.2 to 80.6 at six months after surgery.
A team of scientists used artificial intelligence to examine whether mandrills' facial features are a result of genetic similarity or selection. They found that half-sisters with the same father exhibit stronger facial resemblance, indicating a possible evolutionary mechanism for social discrimination and nepotism among kin.
A study found significant gender imbalance in medical imaging datasets used to train classifiers, leading to biased AI-based diagnostic systems. The analysis showed that underrepresented groups were misclassified more frequently than the majority group.
A study by University of Rochester researchers found that women quotas in India's local government elections led to a reduction in the representation of lower caste groups, while increasing the representation of Hindu upper castes. The quota policy aimed to increase female representation but ultimately had unintended consequences.
New research by Cornell University reveals that women are more likely to be given inaccurate performance feedback, with underperforming women receiving less truthful but kinder feedback compared to equally underperforming men. This finding highlights a potential obstacle to equality in the workplace.
Research reveals that people struggle to differentiate between outgroup faces due to visual processing quirks. The brain's fusiform facial area responds similarly to same and new black faces, impairing ability to tell them apart
A new study by Meredith G. F. Worthen and Trenton M. Haltom investigates the relationship between leather identity and attitudes toward women, revealing a robust connection among hetero-leathermen. The findings highlight the importance of considering how leather identity shapes misogyny among men.
A clinical program was co-created by autistic transgender youth, their families, and clinical experts to support the specific needs of this population. The model includes three key components: building community, introducing role models, and supporting gender expression through coaching.
Researchers analyzed a large private health insurance database to investigate the association between health insurance nondiscrimination policies and mental health outcomes in gender minority individuals. The study found significant disparities in access to mental health care and treatment, highlighting the need for policy changes.
This study evaluated pedestrian walking speed patterns in Palestine, finding males walk faster than females, while younger pedestrians are also quicker. The research used data from 4,301 pedestrians at six locations, concluding that unsignalized crosswalks don't offer significant benefits.
A new study by Georgia Institute of Technology found that humans hold strong biases against robot competence in various jobs, despite the lack of gender bias. Participants trusted robots only to perform simple tasks, while assigning lower competency ratings to professions like surgery and comedy.
The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a tripling of domestic violence reports in China's Hubei Province, with women performing most of the frontline healthcare work. Researchers call for governments to incorporate gender considerations into their response and leverage technology to support women's access to essential services.
A study analyzing 2,646,550 college entrance tests in Chile found that removing a penalty for incorrect answers narrowed the gender gap in test scores, particularly among high-performing students in some STEM fields. This policy change also reduced the gender gap in the number of questions skipped.
A recent study published in Injury Prevention journal reveals that men are more likely to drive dangerous vehicles and pose a higher risk to other road users. The researchers suggest that greater gender equity in road transport jobs could help lessen these risks.
A new study by Professor Cary Wu finds that women are underrepresented as commentators on published research, hindering scholarly exchange between men and women. The study reveals gendered patterns in academic commenting, which could exacerbate the marginalization of women in the scientific community.
A new analysis of over 26,000 movies produced in the US from 1911 to 2010 reveals a sharp decline in female representation among actors, directors, and producers during the Studio System era. Female producers and directors may help further the careers of other women in the industry.
Researchers analyzed a century of data to find that female representation in the film industry hit an all-time low during the Golden Age. The study found that women's roles were consistently below 50% across job types and genres, with a sharp drop in the 1920s.
A study of 158 transgender teens found that two-thirds have depression, with higher rates among males. Hormone therapy led to significant improvements in gender dysphoria for both affirmed males and females.
A new five-decade study found that progress toward gender equality has slowed down since the 1990s, with women making gains in education and employment but stagnant progress in pay and occupations. Despite early momentum in the 1970s and 1980s, movement towards gender equity stalled beginning in the 1990s.
Despite improved measures of gender equality since 1970, recent decades have seen stalled progress, with some gaps widening. Women now outpace men in higher education and certain occupations, but overall trends suggest a need for cultural and institutional shifts to address remaining disparities.
A study analyzing data from 155 trans women and 55 trans men found that gender dysphoria typically starts in adolescence or early adulthood. The researchers identified a correlation between the age of onset and the likelihood of seeking genital gender-affirming surgery.
A new study published in The Lancet Public Health found that having gender-affirming documents improves mental health among transgender adults. The research, conducted by Drexel University researchers, analyzed data from 22,286 adults and found that those with their preferred name and gender on all identification documents were less li...
A study of over 20,000 American trans adults found that having access to identification documents reflecting their identified gender is associated with reduced psychological distress and lower rates of suicidal thoughts. The authors suggest policy changes to increase access to gender-concordant IDs, including reducing fees and administ...
Griselda Pollock, a world-leading figure in feminist and queer interventions in art history, has been awarded the Holberg Prize for her profound influence on the field. She will receive the award of NOK 6,000,000 at the University of Bergen, Norway.
A study by HSE University researchers found that men reap more benefits than women from additional job-related training, leading to a stronger sense of control over their lives. This disparity is attributed to societal perceptions of masculinity, with 'male' skills like leadership and physical endurance being valued more highly.
Research on over 20,000 online tasks found a significant and persistent gender pay gap despite the absence of overt discrimination. Women's hourly earnings were consistently lower than men's, with task completion speed accounting for some of the gap.
A longitudinal study in Germany found that classmates' gender stereotypes have a negative effect on boys' reading outcomes, including lower motivation and achievement. In contrast, girls experienced positive effects from their classmates' stereotypes. The study suggests that reducing stereotypical behaviors in classrooms can help creat...
Researchers found that women are deemed more trustworthy than men in host photos, while high-quality images with the host interacting with others attract more bookings. Younger hosts and those with poor-quality photos are less sought after.
Researchers analyzed 16 application cycles for Hubble Space Telescope time allocations and found that stripping out personal info can nearly eliminate gender bias. Female lead scientists performed slightly better than men when proposals were completely anonymized, indicating a more equitable review process.
A team of researchers from Princeton and Stanford University has developed methods to obtain fairer data sets containing images of people. They propose improvements to ImageNet, removing non-visual concepts and offensive categories, such as racial and sexual characterizations.
A European research project highlights the need for more resources and greater gender competence to make science equality measures effective. The study analyzed 19 interventions in six countries, including Spain, and found that Spanish institutions have one of the most advanced legislative frameworks but lack sufficient resources.
A recent study from Cornell University found that even brief periods of solitary confinement significantly increase an inmate's risk of death after release. The research analyzed nearly 14,000 former inmates and discovered a 60% higher mortality rate among those who experienced solitary confinement, primarily due to non-natural causes.
Researchers have discovered 21 gene variants associated with estrogen signaling pathways in the brain of transgender individuals, suggesting a potential biological link to gender dysphoria. These variants may disrupt normal masculinization of the brain during critical periods of development.
A special issue of Young explores how young people use music to express their feelings on the crisis, with studies focusing on feminist reggaeton in Spain and rap/mahragan in Egypt. The research shows how these genres have become politicized tools for subversive empowerment and resilience.
The study, conducted at FiraTàrrega market in Tàrrega, Spain, found that women are more likely to cooperate and have a better understanding of their partner's intentions. Men, on the other hand, tend to be more impulsive and less cooperative when interacting with someone of the same gender.
Researchers will develop new tools and protocols to mitigate and address gender and ethnic bias in job advertising, hiring, and professional networking processes. The project aims to reduce labour market inequalities caused by these biases.
A recent study by Virginia Tech researchers found that individuals perceive fonts to have political attributes, with serif fonts viewed as more conservative and sans-serif fonts leaning liberal. The study suggests that font choices can convey ideology through letterforms, with implications for political campaign professionals.
New Zealand researchers reveal a significant gender pay gap, with men earning an average of NZ$400,000 more than women over their lifetime. Only 40-70% of the pay gap can be attributed to research performance and age.
A new study published in Family Practice shows a significant gender gap in biomedical paper publication rates, with women accounting for 48% of first authors in primary health care journals. The study found that women are less likely to publish articles on trials and have fewer research grants, contributing to the disparity.
Research shows that children aged 3-6 consider dominant individuals to be boys, with a power-masculinity association observed in both boys and girls. However, in some situations, particularly when considering power relations with the opposite gender, girls do not significantly identify with the dominant character.
Researchers found that people rarely used the pronoun 'she' when referring to the next U.S. president before the 2016 election, despite believing a woman would win. The study suggests an implicit bias against using 'she' in such contexts, which persisted even after Clinton's expected victory.
A study by Dr Jingnan Chen from the University of Exeter Business School found that highlighting women's achievements in the workplace can significantly increase their willingness to lead. In mixed-gender teams, public feedback about a woman's performance can encourage capable women to take on leadership roles.
A study by the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine found that teenage boys who witness their peers abusing women and girls are more likely to bully and fight with others. In contrast, those with equitable gender attitudes had lower odds of reporting violent behaviors.
A global study found that attitudes towards gay men and lesbian women vary greatly across countries, with gay men consistently rated more negatively. The researchers identified three exceptions where negative attitudes were not correlated with gender norms, including China, India, and South Korea.
A survey of homes in rural India reveals that men dominate electricity use patterns, suggesting that households with electrified access may benefit more from male members. Despite efforts to improve female well-being through clean energy, women reported that only a quarter experienced increased time for personal activities.
A study by Dr Brianna Verigin found that nearly half of all lies are told by a small number of prolific liars, who use their charm and words to deceive others. These expert liars prefer face-to-face interactions and often lie to close family members and colleagues.
A new study published in the Cambridge Journal of Economics finds that countries taking the 'low road' to growth, like the US, experience adverse effects on wellbeing and future prosperity. In contrast, Scandinavian countries that take the 'high road' by investing in social reproduction see positive effects on human welfare.