Articles tagged with Gender
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new technique using infrared spectroscopy can accurately determine the gender of six-week-old turkey poults with over 95% accuracy, potentially saving millions of male chicks from being killed shortly after birth. This method could be used by the breeding industry to identify female eggs for breeding and select female turkeys.
A new study explores the experiences of American female breadwinners, revealing common themes such as control, independence, and guilt. The research highlights the challenges faced by women in this role, including societal and personal expectations, and offers practical implications for organizations and families.
A study published in Psychology of Women Quarterly investigates how the gender-typing of an industry affects the evaluation of teams led by men and women. The research shows that people have higher expectations for the performance of teams when their leaders' gender is consistent with the industry's gender typing.
The university is leading an NIH-funded study to create avatar doctors for role-playing practice, aiming to bridge communication gaps between patients and healthcare providers of different backgrounds. The technology aims to empower patients with the skills needed to manage chronic illnesses.
A new study published in Psychology of Women Quarterly found a significant gender-based pay gap among US faculty members, with women earning an average of 30% less than men. The study analyzed salaries at a large American university and controlled for factors such as education level, experience, and rank.
Research from the University of Gothenburg reveals that preschool children actively challenge and redefine traditional gender structures. Despite teachers' biases, children often share play and learning activities, show concern for each other's well-being, and reformulate possibilities through child-led initiatives.
A study found that workers acknowledge gender discrimination is possible but often downplay its occurrence due to 'gender fatigue,' preventing productive discussion on inequalities between men and women. The researchers suggest exploring strategies to address this issue.
A recent Florida study found that black and Hispanic students are less likely to enroll in advanced courses due to lower scores on eighth-grade exams, but gaps exist between poor and non-poor students. The findings suggest investments before high school age can close these disparities.
Research reveals women with atrial fibrillation are more likely to experience symptomatic attacks, have higher heart rates, and increased risk of stroke due to pooling of blood in the atria. A new gender-specific approach to therapy is recommended to prevent strokes and improve quality of life.
Researchers found that women and men use hesitant language when discussing topics that don't align with their gender, but also exhibit similar patterns of tentativeness in neutral topics. This challenges the notion of innate gender differences in communication style.
A new study from North Carolina State University finds that white men receive significantly more job leads than women and racial minorities, particularly among upper management positions. The disparity is attributed to social capital, a measure of connections to people in various fields of employment.
A University of Cincinnati study reveals women report more sleep disruption than men, attributing it to the unequal distribution of family care responsibilities. The research found that women's lives are more likely to be fragmented by work and family demands, resulting in increased sleep disturbance.
A new study by Ohio State University found that college major is a significant factor contributing to the ongoing gender wage gap. Women are often segregated into majors that lead to lower-paying careers, exacerbating the existing income inequality. The research suggests that this phenomenon has become more pronounced over time.
A large-scale longitudinal study found that nearly fifty percent of women supervisors reported sexual harassment in the workplace, compared to only one-third of women who do not supervise others. The study also revealed that male co-workers and clients used harassment as a means of control against women in power.
A study by McMaster University found that women tend to choose foods with lower calories when dining with a man compared to another woman, while dining with more men leads to even lower calorie choices. The research suggests that social grouping and perceived attractiveness play a role in food selection.
A national survey of US surgeons found that women are more likely to postpone childbearing or not have children due to work demands. The study suggests that flexible work schedules and on-site childcare facilities could help attract and retain female surgeons.
Research highlights the gender disparities in stroke risks, with males outnumbering females by two to one, while women's outcomes worsen with age. Women also face disadvantages in stroke treatment, including lower response rates to tissue plasminogen activator.
A new study reveals that 70% of participants harbor implicit stereotypes associating science with males, leading to boys performing better in eighth-grade science and math. The study highlights the powerful effect of these unconscious biases on gender equity in science engagement and performance.
A new study found that 69% of men and 42% of women in the Netherlands work overtime, with women working one-third fewer hours than men. The research suggests that this pressure harms employee well-being and may lead to demotions or firings for women.
A new study published in Springer's journal Gender Issues highlights the significant problems faced by American boys, including lower literacy levels, higher drop-out rates, and increased rates of mental health issues. The research suggests that policy makers have largely neglected these issues, focusing instead on those affecting girls.
Researchers from University of Wisconsin-Madison report that culture, not biology, underpins the math gender gap. Girls are now performing on par with boys in standardized mathematics tests and taking calculus at the same rate. The study challenges the validity of the greater male variability hypothesis, suggesting that providing femal...
A recent study published in the Journal of Vision found that subtle coloring patterns around the eyes and mouth play a crucial role in rapid gender discrimination. Researchers discovered that the shades of reds and greens in these areas lead to faster gender identification, contradicting previous assumptions about facial features.
A team of psychologists used videoconferencing technology to study how people adapt their head movements and facial expressions when conversing with someone of the opposite sex. They found that gender is not a determining factor in nonverbal communication, as people tend to mirror each other's movements regardless of the perceived gender.
A study found that young children think about gender in a way similar to how they think about species differences. They tend to believe that certain behaviors are innate and not influenced by environment. As children grow older, they begin to understand the role of environment in shaping gender-related behaviors.
A study published in Springer's Sex Roles journal found that gay men are more likely to prefer adopting a boy, while heterosexual men are the least likely. Heterosexual couples tend to prefer girls over boys, with reasons varying by sexuality, including patriarchal norms and perceived socialization challenges.
A study by Cedric Herring found that companies with a diverse workforce reported significantly higher sales revenue, customer numbers, and profitability. The research analyzed data from the National Organizations Survey and found that racial diversity was a key predictor of business outcomes.
A University of Missouri researcher found that perceived educational barriers predict Mexican-American students' educational aspirations more than other factors. The study identified strategies for school counselors and professionals to help students overcome these barriers and achieve their goals.
A national survey found that participants expressed more anger towards individuals with stereotypical mental health conditions, but showed more empathy when their symptoms deviated from expectations. This suggests that stigma-busting campaigns should consider the role of intersecting stereotypes in shaping mental illness stigma.
Research by Dr. Don Kurtz found that men and women in the police force deal with stress differently, which can cause more stress for both genders. Women often feel excluded from war stories and have better coping mechanisms for violent cases.
A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research found that donations are driven by overlap between donors and recipients, rather than cause-worthiness. Women tend to donate more to victims of natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina, while men donate more to victims of terrorist attacks.
A new study reveals that people at high risk of stroke are less aware of the five warning signs, including sudden weakness, vision disturbance, and confusion. Researchers found significant disparities in knowledge among different demographics, highlighting the need for targeted educational campaigns.
Researchers found that politicians' speech patterns reveal a social hierarchy, with black race and female gender assigned subordinate roles, while white males dominate. This study highlights the reproduction of racism and sexism in political discourse, affecting how leaders are perceived.
Research published in BioMed Central's Arthritis Research and Therapy found that women experience more severe symptoms, greater disability, and poorer treatment outcomes compared to men. The study of over 6,000 patients revealed a significant gender gap in disease activity measures, treatments, and clinical characteristics.
A Brown University researcher has discovered that men tend to have more reddish skin and greenish skin is more common for women. The finding has important implications in cognitive science research and potential industry applications in facial recognition technology and advertising.
A recent study published by the American Society for Radiation Oncology found that males diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer have a higher mortality rate than females. The research also revealed that gender is a significant prognostic factor in lung cancer patients' overall survival rates.
Research at Ohio State University found women sexually harassed most often in work groups with a nearly equal mix of males and females. Women in these situations were more likely to experience taunting, patronizing, and predatory behaviors.
A retrospective study found that gender matching in heart transplantation leads to improved short- and long-term survival rates. Male recipients receiving hearts from male donors had a 61% cumulative chance for survival, while female recipients of female donor hearts had a 25% drop in 30-day death rate.
A new study found that family dynamics mediate the relationship between gender and mental health issues for African-American court-involved youth. Both girls and boys showed similar levels of externalizing and internalizing behavior once family dysfunction was taken into account.
A new study reveals that preschoolers critically depend on gender information when making comparisons with peers, leading to lasting negative consequences on behavior and self-concept. Children who see a same-gender or gender-unidentified peer perform better tend to improve their performance and increase positive self-evaluations.
New Northwestern University research reveals that women's physical appearance can impact their chances of winning votes, particularly for men. The study found that female politicians who are seen as both attractive and competent are more likely to win votes, while male politicians with approachable features tend to perform better in el...
A study found that children believe women and people of color have been excluded from the presidency due to discrimination. Many children also attribute this lack to a perceived need for specific attributes, such as intelligence or charisma.
A new study from the University of Texas at Austin found that most elementary school children are aware of racial and gender biases in the US presidency. Children attribute the lack of diversity to discrimination, with some believing it's due to prejudice or skills gaps.
A new study by Timothy Judge and Beth Livingston found that men who believe in traditional roles for women earn an average of $8,500 more annually. In contrast, women with egalitarian views don't make much more than those with traditional outlooks. The researchers controlled for various factors to reach this conclusion.
Research at the University of Toronto found that women experience more psychological distress when supervised by a female boss than by a male boss. In contrast, men tend to perform better under same-sex supervisors, reporting lower levels of stress and physical symptoms.
The September issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior reports findings on mental health and household crowding, barriers to care, workplace dynamics and caregiving. Women in crowded homes are more likely to be depressed than men, while white men attach greater stigma to mental health care.
A groundbreaking study by Brown University economist Yona Rubinstein and Casey Mulligan of the University of Chicago reveals that the apparent narrowing of the gender wage gap in recent decades is due to changes in the type of women entering the workforce, not actual pay increases. The research found that growing wage inequality within...
A new study reveals that when people try to make a positive impression, they may behave in ways that contradict gender stereotypes. Men and women in high-status roles acted in ways that contradicted traditional gender norms during negotiation simulations.
Research finds women whose husbands work long hours are more likely to quit their jobs, exacerbating gender inequality. Professional women with children are disproportionately affected, highlighting a potential return to the 'separate spheres' arrangement.
Researchers found that adolescent girls who experienced serious school failures were significantly more likely to develop depression by age 21 compared to their male counterparts. The study also revealed that early conduct problems in elementary school increased the risk of depression in early adulthood for girls, but not boys.
A new study published in Journal of Marital and Family Therapy found that African-American youth exhibit similar levels of externalizing and internalizing behavior once family dysfunction is accounted for. The research suggests that family issues affect children in African-American families differently than they do in white families.
A new analysis of kidney transplant data found that male kidneys function better in men than women, who have a higher risk of rejection. The study, based on almost 200,000 cases, suggests that gender should be considered when allocating donor kidneys.
A new study by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign finds that US-based companies tend to follow their home-country hiring standards when doing business abroad, even in countries without anti-discrimination laws. This results in lower rates of gender and age discrimination compared to European and Asian firms.
A study published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that optimizing university recruitment strategies and processes can lead to a significant increase in female surgical faculty. The research also identified cultural stereotypes, insufficient mentoring, and family responsibilities as barriers to women's career ad...
A study by Kellogg School of Management Professor Paola Sapienza found that girls' math scores improve in more gender equal societies, with the number of high-achieving girls increasing. In more equal societies, girls outperform boys in reading as well.
A study found that young children tend to associate glasses with intelligence and honesty, but not attractiveness. The findings suggest that media portrayals may be reinforcing stereotypes among young children.
Research found no significant gender gap supporting female candidates, with voters' decisions influenced by the candidate's policies and information rather than their gender. The study suggests women are more likely to support female candidates but evaluated similarly to male candidates based on personal and political considerations.
A new study by University of Oregon doctoral students calls on psychologists and vocational counselors to not only treat but also act as advocates for their transgender clients. The research highlights the need for social advocacy work, improving antidiscrimination policies, and providing resources to address workplace difficulties.
A study led by Julie Juola Exline found that men are more likely to hold grudges and exhibit vengeful behavior compared to women, who tend to be more empathetic and forgiving. This difference can be reduced when men develop empathy towards offenders, making the offense seem smaller.
A study by Dan Warner from Iowa State University found that the jacky dragon lizard thrives when born at temperatures suitable for its gender, affecting sex ratio and population viability. The research has significant implications for the species' adaptation to changing climate conditions.
New research findings suggest that girls may be more susceptible to their friends' drinking, while opposite-sex friends increase drinking for both genders. Genetic analyses indicate shared environmental effects across genders.