Articles tagged with Gender
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A European Molecular Biology Organization study reveals that traditional gender roles and negative workplace cultures limit women's career advancement. Women publish less, have fewer mentoring opportunities, and are slower to advance due to family responsibilities.
A Northwestern University study found that tones of voices can alter visual processing, suggesting a direct input from early auditory processing to visual perception. Researchers used pure tones to test whether sounds can influence perception of face gender, with results showing bias towards male or female faces based on tone frequency.
A recent study published in Critical Care found that children under four are highly susceptible to sepsis, which can lead to severe disease states and death. The study analyzed data from nearly 300 children with sepsis and purpura between 1988 and 2006, revealing that younger age is a critical factor in determining survival rates.
Researchers have discovered a stable sex hormone signature in cells that may provide a more sophisticated way to determine sex than just identifying the presence of the Y chromosome. This breakthrough could lead to improved counseling for intersex individuals with ambiguous gender identities.
A study by UC Davis found that nearly one-third of California's top public companies have no women at the top, despite a few firms having high female representation. The research highlights the need for more gender diversity in corporate leadership positions.
A study by Mary Murphy found that women experience identity threat when outnumbered in MSE settings, leading to decreased performance expectations and actual performance. The study suggests that situational cues can contribute to the performance gap between men and women in these fields.
Research suggests that previous divorce experiences significantly impact a person's chances of entering into a new, successful relationship. Divorced individuals often prefer less committed types of relationships and have different partner preferences than those without a divorce experience.
A study of 12 patients undergoing male-to-female gender reassignment found that nasal surgery resulted in more feminine facial profiles. The procedure was highly effective, with most patients very satisfied with the results and reporting significant improvements in their overall perception of themselves as female.
A recent study by the University of Warwick found that doctors' genders can impact the early detection of coronary heart disease (CHD) in women. The researchers discovered that female doctors were more likely to consider psychological explanations for women's health problems and paid attention to presentation style, potentially diverti...
Scientists at University College London discovered that autistic children can understand people's behavior based on stereotypes, such as gender and race. This ability can be used to aid their learning and socialization, and may even help them integrate better into society.
Research suggests that African-Americans experience lower slow wave activity (SWA) during sleep than Caucasians, a finding that may relate to reported poor sleep quality and higher risk of insulin resistance. This difference in SWA could impact physical health, emotional well-being, mental abilities, productivity, and performance.
Researchers at the University of Warwick found that sexual orientation affects mental tasks like navigating, but age does not discriminate based on gender. The study revealed that homosexual and bisexual individuals outperformed heterosexual counterparts in certain tasks.
A longitudinal study found that young people's gender attitudes develop in response to various factors, such as family composition, parental values, and sibling relationships. Most youth become less traditional over time, but certain groups, like first-born boys with brothers and traditional parents, exhibit more conservative attitudes.
A Penn State study tracked youth's attitudes for most of the school age and adolescent years, finding varying patterns of change according to gender, birth order, and parent influences. Most youth became less traditional over time, but firstborn boys with brothers and traditional parents remained more traditional.
A recently discovered fossil skull of Aegyptopithecus zeuxis, an ancient primate relative of humans, apes, and monkeys, contradicts previous assumptions about its brain size. The study suggests that the species' brain was smaller than expected, with a visual cortex indicating sharp vision, and may have had a large social group.
The APS 19th Annual Convention examines how scientific investigations can lead to stigmatization of certain populations. Panelists discuss historical examples of 'stigma from science' in studies of gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, and culture.
Research finds that siblings of people who have had a stroke are at increased risk of also having a stroke, with some groups facing even higher risks. The study suggests a possible genetic link to ischemic strokes in certain ethnic groups.
A study published in BMC Medicine found that women from all ethnic backgrounds outperform men in passing UK medical exams. Non-white candidates also performed better than their white counterparts, with non-white females excelling in clinical skills and communications assessments.
A new study by Dr. Carmelia Suleiman explores the role of gender in media interviews with politicians Bill and Hillary Clinton. Researchers found that language choices and habits in conversation were influenced more by the interviewers' perspectives than the interviewees' genders.
A national survey reveals a gender gap in America's school systems, with women making up only 18% of school leaders. Minority women face additional challenges, often serving troubled districts and taking longer to secure superintendent positions.
The Extreme Makeover show promotes a radical makeover program that enforces conformity to societal norms. The program sells the idea of cosmetic surgery as a means to uncover one's authentic self, but actually reinforces gender, age, class, and race standards.
A study published in Journal of Vision found that people can accurately extract information from silhouetted face profiles about their front-view counterparts. The results showed a high classification accuracy for gender and age traits, with male silhouettes identified as male 83.3% of the time.
Researchers at New York University and Texas A&M University found that perceived attractiveness depends on the compatibility of biological sex and gendered cues. Female targets were judged more attractive when perceived as feminine, while male targets were more attractive when perceived as masculine.
A comprehensive review highlights clinically relevant differences in women and men's heart disease prevalence, presentation, management, and outcomes. Young women with acute coronary syndrome face higher mortality rates than young men.
A recent study has found that male and female rates of robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault have closed significantly over the past few decades. The research suggests a decline in violence against men and women, with notable differences in intimate partner violence and non-lethal victimization.
A study of European research ethics committees found that while some had informal rules for gender diversity, few had formal requirements to ensure equal representation of both sexes. Despite EU policy on gender equality in health research, limited attention was paid to these issues.
Research suggests that women's implicit stereotypes about math ability and their gender identity impact their performance in mathematical fields. Women who hold strong gender stereotypes perform worse than those without such biases.
A new study by Purdue University researchers found statistically significant differences in the severity of injuries suffered in accidents involving men and women drivers, as well as drivers within three age groups. The study used mathematical models to calculate various probabilities using data from one-vehicle accidents in Indiana.
Scientists discovered distinct brain regions processing gender, ethnicity and facial identity, contradicting previous assumptions about face recognition. These findings have implications for understanding conditions like autism spectrum disorders and may lead to improved methods for enhancing face recognition abilities.
Research published in Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases found that women with rheumatoid arthritis have a significantly lower chance of entering remission compared to men. After two and five years, approximately 32% and 31% of women were in remission respectively, compared to 48% and 52% of men.
Researchers found that whites who avoid using race in social interactions tend to exhibit less friendly nonverbal behaviors, such as reduced eye contact. This study suggests that attempting to appear colorblind may have unintended results and actually lead to perceived distance and unfriendliness.
African-American women have the highest mortality rate for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), according to a new study. The study found that racial disparities exist in IPAH mortality and morbidity, with African-American women exhibiting the highest mortality rate when compared with all other groups.
This study examines the feminist perspective on the body, using Merleau-Ponty's theory as a framework. The researchers explore gender differences and propose that language consists of imposed rules and standards.
A recent study warns that a surplus of men in societies favoring male babies could lead to increased antisocial behavior, violence, and organized crime. The distortion of natural sex ratios has resulted in an estimated 80 million missing females in India and China alone.
Research by Cornell sociologist Sharon Sassler found that cohabiting working-class couples follow traditional patterns in advancing their relationships and pursuing careers. The study suggests that societal institutions of gender shape behaviors in these alternative living arrangements.
Recent studies examine voting gaps in America, finding significant differences in support for George W. Bush based on race, ethnicity, religion, class, region, gender, age, and education. The research also explores the impact of class divisions, the religion gap, and the urban-rural divide.
A recent study by Judith Kleinfeld at the University of Alaska Fairbanks found that boys trail girls in literacy scores, with a larger percentage of boys scoring below basic in reading and writing tests. The study highlights the need to address the issue and boost boys' basic skills in reading and writing.
A Stanford scientist who has lived as both male and female argues that women's underrepresentation in science is due to bias, not innate differences. He cites studies showing bias in grant applications and research evaluations, highlighting the need for a more inclusive approach.
A recent UCLA study discovered thousands of genes behave differently in male and female organs, shedding light on the gender gap in disease risk and drug response. The findings may explain why males and females diverge in terms of disease severity and response to treatment.
A recent study found that men tend to gauge their partner's sexual interest before women do, with men's ratings of women influenced by physical attractiveness but not agreeableness. Women, on the other hand, rated their male partners higher on both physical attractiveness and agreeableness.
A recent study published in Tobacco Control found that teenagers who smoke just one cigarette are at risk of becoming regular smokers for up to three years. The researchers analyzed data from over 6,000 young people and found that those who had tried a single cigarette were twice as likely to become regular smokers by the age of 14.
The Salk Institute research found that humans have neurons selective for gender based on motion cues, which adjust their selectivity on the fly. This mechanism allows humans to adapt quickly to local gait patterns, reflecting inherent differences in shape and movement.
A study found that nearly a quarter of men and women consider minimal video capture a privacy violation, with women expressing greater concern than men. Women were also more likely to be uneasy about their images being viewed at off-campus locations or in public places.
A study of 167 women in IT across four countries reveals that cultural factors, such as societal messages and family dynamics, play a significant role in shaping career choices. The research suggests that recognizing diversity may lead to more opportunities for women, and challenges traditional assumptions about work-life balance.
Research by Dr. Robert Drago and Carol Colbeck found that both men and women engage in productive and unproductive bias avoidance behaviors. Productive behaviors minimize family commitments to improve work performance, while unproductive behaviors produce the appearance of commitment without actual benefits.
A study found that women are more likely to be inspired by female role models than male ones, suggesting they may provide a valuable example for women trying to determine their potential. The research also suggests that female participants were more likely to choose women as role models and consider the gender's impact on their choice.
Researchers analyzed data from over 5,000 premature births and found that black baby girls were twice as likely to survive compared to white baby boys. Baby girls also had a significant survival advantage when born weighing less than 1,000 grams.
A Swedish study found that patients diagnosed with depression were 1.5 times more likely to develop coronary heart disease than those without depression. Young adults between 25-39 years old had an even higher risk of developing CHD, with a ratio of 3.
A survey of 1,139 smoking patients found that women are more likely than men to believe nicotine causes cancer and feel guilty about their smoking habit. Women also reported a higher fear of gaining weight and managing stress without cigarettes when quitting, highlighting the need for targeted tobacco cessation programs.
A new report reveals women in 'male' careers still face significant barriers, including institutional sexism and lack of female scientist role models. The study found only one in ten women work in research and development jobs, compared to 60% of men. To address this, the report recommends establishing a platform for female scientists,...
Researchers found that hermaphroditic sea slugs can resolve mating conflicts by trading sperm with their mates. This behavior allows them to balance the costs and benefits of copulation between genders. The study provides new insights into the reproductive strategies of hermaphroditic animals.
Research by Ellen Rutten explores how Russia has been portrayed as a young woman of flesh and blood, with a focus on the role of the state and intellectual elite. The study reveals that modern writers have increasingly emphasized the sexual dimension of this metaphor, assigning it to Russian rulers from Lenin to Putin.
According to a meta-analysis of studies, males and females show more similarity than difference in cognitive abilities, communication, social traits, and well-being. However, motor behaviors, sex-specific aspects, and aggression exhibit marked differences.
A group of women scientists and administrators analyzed the issue of bias in science careers, highlighting four broad challenges: pipeline, climate, unconscious bias, and balancing family and work. The study reveals that these barriers prevent women from advancing in their careers and achieving equity.
Researchers found that disadvantaged individuals tend to prioritize being friendly and dressing nicely during doctor visits. The study aims to advance understanding of patients' everyday strategies for getting quality healthcare.
Disaster research presented at the American Sociological Association Centennial Meeting challenges the common perception that minorities are disproportionately affected by disasters. The study finds patterns in human behavior and societal organization that mirror these disasters, highlighting that disaster is a normal part of life.
This study examines how language gender systems impact brand attitudes and evaluations. In Spanish, consistent formal markers enhance brand recall, while semantic associations drive brand evaluation. In English, formal cues determine initial brand name gender, but congruent semantic associations improve brand evaluations and recall.
Anna-Karina Hermkens' research on the Maisin people highlights the crucial role women play in ceremonial exchange systems, challenging traditional anthropological perspectives. The study reveals how barkcloths, made from paper mulberry trees, are intertwined with ideas about gender and sexuality.
Researchers found that people constructing job criteria favor the strengths of dominant groups. However, committing to hiring criteria beforehand eliminates gender discrimination in hiring decisions.
Researchers at North Carolina State University discovered a link between dinosaurs and living birds by finding medullary bone in a T. rex fossil, indicating the dinosaur was female and likely producing eggs. The presence of this tissue provides an objective means of sexing dinosaurs.