Articles tagged with Gender
A study found that women are more likely to be inspired by female role models than male ones, suggesting they may provide a valuable example for women trying to determine their potential. The research also suggests that female participants were more likely to choose women as role models and consider the gender's impact on their choice.
Researchers analyzed data from over 5,000 premature births and found that black baby girls were twice as likely to survive compared to white baby boys. Baby girls also had a significant survival advantage when born weighing less than 1,000 grams.
A Swedish study found that patients diagnosed with depression were 1.5 times more likely to develop coronary heart disease than those without depression. Young adults between 25-39 years old had an even higher risk of developing CHD, with a ratio of 3.
A survey of 1,139 smoking patients found that women are more likely than men to believe nicotine causes cancer and feel guilty about their smoking habit. Women also reported a higher fear of gaining weight and managing stress without cigarettes when quitting, highlighting the need for targeted tobacco cessation programs.
A new report reveals women in 'male' careers still face significant barriers, including institutional sexism and lack of female scientist role models. The study found only one in ten women work in research and development jobs, compared to 60% of men. To address this, the report recommends establishing a platform for female scientists,...
Researchers found that hermaphroditic sea slugs can resolve mating conflicts by trading sperm with their mates. This behavior allows them to balance the costs and benefits of copulation between genders. The study provides new insights into the reproductive strategies of hermaphroditic animals.
Research by Ellen Rutten explores how Russia has been portrayed as a young woman of flesh and blood, with a focus on the role of the state and intellectual elite. The study reveals that modern writers have increasingly emphasized the sexual dimension of this metaphor, assigning it to Russian rulers from Lenin to Putin.
According to a meta-analysis of studies, males and females show more similarity than difference in cognitive abilities, communication, social traits, and well-being. However, motor behaviors, sex-specific aspects, and aggression exhibit marked differences.
A group of women scientists and administrators analyzed the issue of bias in science careers, highlighting four broad challenges: pipeline, climate, unconscious bias, and balancing family and work. The study reveals that these barriers prevent women from advancing in their careers and achieving equity.
Researchers found that disadvantaged individuals tend to prioritize being friendly and dressing nicely during doctor visits. The study aims to advance understanding of patients' everyday strategies for getting quality healthcare.
Disaster research presented at the American Sociological Association Centennial Meeting challenges the common perception that minorities are disproportionately affected by disasters. The study finds patterns in human behavior and societal organization that mirror these disasters, highlighting that disaster is a normal part of life.
This study examines how language gender systems impact brand attitudes and evaluations. In Spanish, consistent formal markers enhance brand recall, while semantic associations drive brand evaluation. In English, formal cues determine initial brand name gender, but congruent semantic associations improve brand evaluations and recall.
Anna-Karina Hermkens' research on the Maisin people highlights the crucial role women play in ceremonial exchange systems, challenging traditional anthropological perspectives. The study reveals how barkcloths, made from paper mulberry trees, are intertwined with ideas about gender and sexuality.
Researchers found that people constructing job criteria favor the strengths of dominant groups. However, committing to hiring criteria beforehand eliminates gender discrimination in hiring decisions.
Researchers at North Carolina State University discovered a link between dinosaurs and living birds by finding medullary bone in a T. rex fossil, indicating the dinosaur was female and likely producing eggs. The presence of this tissue provides an objective means of sexing dinosaurs.
A new study finds that childhood sexual abuse significantly increases the risk of developing health and social problems in both males and females. The study of over 17,000 California adults reveals a 25% rate of female victims and a 16% rate of male victims, with similar negative health outcomes for both genders.
A study by the Monell Chemical Senses Center found that homosexual men and lesbian women have distinct patterns of body odor preferences compared to heterosexual men and women. Gay men preferred odors from gay men and heterosexual women, while being least preferred by other groups.
A study of over 800 participants found that each gender tends to think risks are higher for their own sex than for the other. Men were more likely to believe men are at risk of accidents, while women believed women are more likely to experience cancer and mental illness.
The study found marked differences among countries, with Turkey, Brazil, and Mexico showing the highest number of women faculty. Despite increasing numbers of female physicians, disparities persist in specialties like rheumatology, influenced by factors such as family vs. career emphasis and cultural norms.
A study found that women with heart conditions are less likely to receive bypass surgery due to conservative treatment decisions and biases. Women's mortality risk is often compared to men's, but the author argues that this perspective neglects the potential benefits of surgery for women with similar medical profiles.
A recent survey of UK scientists suggests a link between success and encouragement, with women performing better than men in some areas. The UK is working to improve these numbers through initiatives like the Athena Project, which aims to promote women's careers in science, engineering, and technology.
A new study challenges the traditional understanding of sex assignment, suggesting that genetics and brain development may influence gender identity. Researchers highlight the need for more nuanced laws and policies to protect individuals with ambiguous genitalia.
Research by Kathleen Gerson and Jerry Jacobs found that combined work hours of families, not individual work experience, reveal the time squeeze. Parents in two-income households cut back on joint working time to cope with pressures, but fathers actually work more hours when children are home.
A recent study analyzed hourly wages by gender and union affiliation among Canadians. Male visible minorities in unions earned 12% less than European background males, while unions improved women's wages on average. The findings suggest that unions must develop specific goals to target wage disparities faced by ethnic minorities.
Research finds that women who head households tend to support Democratic candidates, even in close races. This shift occurs when women become economically independent from men and develop their own perspectives.
Two studies found that news media reports can shape readers' beliefs about sex differences, with conservatives more likely to attribute differences to biology. Readers tend to trust information from science reporting more than biased sources.
According to a study by Yale University, older female runners aged 50-59 improved their average race time by 2.08 minutes per year, significantly exceeding male runners of the same age. The older male runners also showed an accelerated rate of improvement, outperforming younger men in the 60-69 and 70-79 age categories.
Research reveals that women in IT jobs face complex interactions of factors including social networks, age, parenthood, and education level. Managers can address the issue by creating diverse networking opportunities and helping employees develop their own skills.
Research suggests that men tend to have poorer outcomes in short-term group therapy for complicated grief, with symptoms improving less among males than females. The study's findings emphasize the importance of considering patient gender when selecting treatment options.
A study by Cornell University's R. Brinkley Smithers Institute found a significant link between workplace drinking and gender harassment. Women experienced a more-than-twofold increase in incidents of gender harassment when men consumed additional alcoholic drinks during work hours.
Research by Brown University's Jennifer L. Lawless and Richard L. Fox found that women are less likely to run for office due to low self-perceived qualifications and lack of encouragement. Despite equal performance in campaign fundraising and vote totals, women remain underrepresented in U.S. political institutions.
A study of 524 patients found Mexican-Americans are more likely to have a family history of stroke. Researchers believe this population is ideal for studying family stroke risks due to significant associations between ethnicity and stroke factors.
A study by Professor John Cairney and Julie Ann McMullin found that people's self-esteem drops after middle age, especially for low-income earners. The researchers suggest changing negative perceptions and stereotypes associated with gender and age can help build confidence as we age.
Researchers are working on developing individualized nutritional plans based on a patient's genetic makeup, age, lifestyle, and ethnicity. This tailored approach aims to improve health outcomes by providing the right nutrients at the right time.
Researchers found that men's brains showed greater activity in cognitive regions when given pain stimuli, while women's brains responded more strongly in limbic regions. These differences may have evolved due to distinct roles of men and women in stress responses, with women's brains being more nurturing and protective.
A UCLA study found 54 genes produced differently in male and female mouse brains prior to hormonal influence, suggesting genetic influences on sexual differences. The research may help explain why people feel male or female and inform the development of treatments for intersex infants.
A Dartmouth study analyzing Medicare data from 1998-2000 found that racial disparities in knee replacement surgery exist not only by sex but also by geographic location. Despite similar rates among African-American women and white women, black men were half as likely to undergo the procedure as their white counterparts.
According to a survey, allowing sex selection in Germany and the UK would be unlikely to skew biological sex balance. However, experts argue that selecting the sex of offspring raises ethical concerns about parental desires vs. unconditional acceptance of children. Most respondents have no intention of using sex selection techniques, r...
A survey of over 1,000 men and women in Germany and the UK found that there is little support for sex selection for non-medical reasons. In Germany, only 6% would take advantage of preconception sex selection, while in the UK, it was even lower at 21%. The researchers conclude that any potential gender imbalances due to sex selection a...
Research shows a shift toward 'medicalization' of deviation from women's traditional roles, while men's depressive illness is increasingly described in terms connoting work and aggression. The study highlights the importance of accurate media representation in influencing patient-doctor communication about mental health concerns.
A new study found that managers who supervise predominantly female teams receive lower pay, while those who work with mostly male teams earn more. The study also discovered that younger and older workers are perceived as less valuable, resulting in lower compensation for managers supervising these age groups.
A new study finds that family-friendly policies do not reinforce traditional division of household labor, contrary to previous theories. In fact, some women report using policies to alleviate stress and resentment, while others find them liberating by encouraging husbands' involvement in home-based tasks.
A Penn State sociologist analyzed five NBC sitcoms from 1997-98, finding a high rate of gender harassment and a lower but still troubling rate of sexual harassment. The researcher argues that these incidents perpetuate a hostile work environment and minimize the seriousness of sexual harassment.
Research shows that most women cannot rely on private pensions for adequate income in later life, highlighting the need for improved state pensions and carer credits. Single women have a significant private pension advantage compared to married or divorced women.
According to a study by Fred Pampel, measures of gender equality do not explain the gap between men's and women's lung-cancer death rates. The gap is best explained historically, with women's smoking following men's on the upswing after a typical lag of around three decades.
A study by Professor Shelley Peterson found that teenagers' writing is closely linked to gender stereotypes, with students tending to write socially acceptable themes. The research revealed that students were reluctant to explore non-traditional topics, instead favoring traditional gender roles and styles.
Researchers are re-examining Darwin's sexual selection theory, finding it doesn't fit many species' behaviors. Scientists propose a more comprehensive approach incorporating social and reproductive roles in sexuality.
A new study reveals persistent gender inequalities in the Philadelphia region, with women facing lower median incomes and overrepresented in low-paying jobs. The report also highlights the disproportionate burden of caring labor on women, which contributes to their lower earnings.
Researchers studying baby loggerheads from 10 beaches across the Southeastern US found an unexpectedly small percentage of males, with only 15% of hatchlings from one northern beach being male. The study has significant implications for the future of the entire Southeastern loggerhead population.
A study by Gerianne Alexander found that male and female monkeys showed similar preferences for 'boy' and 'girl' toys as human children, suggesting innate preferences. The findings suggest that perceptual cues attract males to active play objects like cars and balls, while females prefer toys with nurturing functions.
A study by Northeastern University's David DeSteno reveals that both men and women experience more distress from sexual than emotional infidelity. The findings challenge long-held evolutionary theories on jealousy.
A new study by Cornell University finds that women who care for spouses are more likely to retire earlier, while men who are caregivers delay their retirement. The study, which analyzed data from over 700 employees and retirees, highlights the significant impact of caregiving on retirement decisions.
A recent study found that youth who experience discrimination report a higher stress burden, particularly black students who face more frequent experiences with prejudice. The research also highlights the importance of strong racial identity in enhancing self-esteem for black youth.
Studies of 39 adults born with genital ambiguity found that most were satisfied with their assigned sex and had good physical and sociological outcomes. The research suggests that families and doctors should consider individual needs when making decisions about gender assignment.
A study by Pauline Entin, PhD, found no significant gender difference in running speed for horses, which contradicts the assumption that men are faster than women. In contrast, female horses have been successful in premier events and dogs show a similar lack of gender-based segregation in racing.
A study by Dr. Scott Myers and Dr. Alan Booth found that sons rely on more factors than daughters to become forerunners, with early family life in a two-parent household playing a crucial role. In contrast, women tend to develop egalitarian attitudes through education and entering the workforce.
Dr. Marianne Legato receives the American Medical Women's Association Woman in Science Award for her groundbreaking research on gender-specific medicine, aiming to redefine traditional health models and improve women's health outcomes.
A recent study by University of Toronto professor Cecilia Reynolds found that women are underrepresented in school leadership positions and often face limited opportunities for advancement. Women who do become principals are frequently assigned to challenging schools, perpetuating gender imbalances in the education system.
Researchers at UW-Madison found that female rats have an improved protective reaction to oxygen deprivation, suggesting a role for estrogen in respiratory control. The study suggests that gender hormones may be a factor in the development of obstructive sleep apnea, particularly in women.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) has announced eight institutional transformation awards to enhance the participation of women in science, engineering, and academia. The awards aim to improve diversity in STEM fields by creating models that can be replicated nationwide.