The RAND Corporation is conducting a $12 million study to improve understanding of the factors that influence children's educational and social development in Los Angeles County. The study, which has already yielded insights into neighborhood influences on children, aims to enroll 1,000 additional families across 60 neighborhoods.
Researchers found a distinctive, arboreal rodent in Peru's Manu National Park with long dense fur and a blackish crest. The discovery sheds light on the evolution of Neotropical arboreal rodents.
In a groundbreaking experiment, researchers found that fish can use transitive inference to understand their place in the pecking order. By observing rival males fight and watching which rival they spent more time near, bystander fish could infer their relative strength and navigate social hierarchies.
A new paradigm in immune regulation has been discovered, where LAG-3 protein acts as an immunological molecular brake controlled by the strength of the T cell receptor signal. The study shows that cleavage of LAG-3 proteins on activated T lymphocytes allows them to greatly increase their proliferation rate during an immune response.
Researchers found a rare Y chromosome type, known as hgA1, in one third of men with a specific Yorkshire surname, suggesting a centuries-old connection to Africa. The study sheds light on the complex history of human migration and challenges traditional notions of racial identity.
Multidetector CT (MDCT) technology can accurately detect bowel perforations without the need for contrast media, making it a game-changer in emergency medicine. The study found that MDCT correctly identified bowel perforation in 73 of 85 patients.
Children with Williams syndrome exhibit universal sociability, but cultural differences influence social behavior in the US and Japan. Their social phenotype is shaped by both genes and interactions with the environment.
Researchers found estrogen induces expression of PI-9, a granzyme inhibitor that prevents immune cells from killing tumor cells. High levels of estrogen increase resistance to immune attack in breast cancer cells.
Researchers successfully reactivate p53 in mice, causing tumors to self-destruct through senescence and apoptosis. This breakthrough offers potential new strategies for cancer treatment.
A study published in The American Journal of Human Genetics identifies the chitinase 3-like 1 gene as a potential risk factor for schizophrenia. Genetic variations in this gene were found to be associated with schizophrenia, suggesting that genes involved in biological response to adverse conditions may play a role in predisposition.
The National Science Foundation has awarded a four-year grant to the Center for Workshops in the Chemical Sciences (CWCS), supporting series of workshops for college professors. The workshops have had an enormous impact on course development, programs, and majors at many institutions.
A team of UCLA and Caltech chemists has demonstrated a large-scale, ultra-dense memory device using reconfigurable molecular switches. The device stores information using bistable rotaxane molecules, which can be switched at very modest voltages.
A recent study found that social and cultural factors contribute to regional differences in male serial killers in the United States. The study, led by James DeFronzo, examined data from 1970 to 1992 and discovered a correlation between high execution rates and southern states with more serial killers.
Researchers at MIT have shown that re-activating the tumor suppressor gene p53 can cause tumors to shrink or disappear in mice. The study offers critical genetic evidence that continuous repression of p53 is required for a tumor to survive.
Researchers found that ion channels are physically bound to G proteins, allowing for precise targeting of electrical signals. This discovery could lead to the development of more efficient drugs for epilepsy and other nervous system diseases.
The microshutters will enable scientists to block unwanted light from objects closer to the camera in space, letting the light from faraway objects shine through. This technology allows the telescope to focus on the faint light of stars and galaxies so far away, they formed early in the history of the universe.
Claire Ting's project aims to determine how genomic differences become advantages in the capacity for photosynthesis of cyanobacteria under certain environmental conditions. The research will also examine molecular responses and mechanisms triggered by changes in light, temperature, and other environmental factors.
A study published in BJU International found that a topical anaesthetic spray delayed ejaculation by five times as long, with participants experiencing an average delay of four minutes. The TEMPE spray, containing lidocaine and prilocaine, showed promising results in delaying premature ejaculation.
Men diagnosed with breast cancer are at a significantly high risk of developing a second primary cancer, particularly those of the breast, stomach, and skin. The researchers recommend closer monitoring and screening for these men to reduce the risk of second cancer.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have developed a way to coat nanoparticles with a chemical that helps them slip through the body's protective mucus barrier. This breakthrough could lead to more effective treatments for diseases like cancer and infections, delivered directly to affected areas without unwanted side effects.
A new species of cichlid, Ptychochromis loisellei, has been named in honor of Dr. Paul Loiselle, an ichthyologist who has dedicated his career to safeguarding Madagascar's freshwater fishes. The newly described black and gold cichlid is about five inches long and found in several river systems in the northeastern part of the country.
The partnership makes Depression and Anxiety, a leading journal on anxiety disorders, accessible to a broader audience. The journal will provide essential information for researchers and clinicians in the behavioral sciences, ultimately enhancing its impact in advancing research and treatment of anxiety disorders.
Research suggests that women's implicit stereotypes about math ability and their gender identity impact their performance in mathematical fields. Women who hold strong gender stereotypes perform worse than those without such biases.
Scientists identify a DNA repair enzyme, OGG1, that may predict high risk of developing head and neck cancer in smokers. The OGG blood test could help identify those at risk and encourage quitting.
A new study challenges the notion of deep societal divisions in Mexico following the 2006 presidential election. The research suggests that elite-level politics are more polarized than ever, while mass voting patterns reveal moderation and a lack of clear divisions. The findings contribute to a better understanding of Mexican democracy.
Researchers have developed a new nanotechnology that can examine single molecules to determine gene expression, enabling more accurate analysis of individual cancer cells. This technology uses a GRIN approach combining genomics, robotics, informatics, and nanotechnology.
Researchers at Weizmann Institute create ultra-miniaturized keypad locking mechanism using fluorescent probes and iron ions. They achieve distinguishable outputs by controlling the logic gate within a reaction time frame.
Research found prenatal exposure to nicotine alters brain areas critical for learning and reward, programming the brain for relapse to nicotine addiction. Pregnant women who smoke may need tailored smoking cessation approaches due to increased risk of relapse after birth.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and other institutions have developed a test of string theory, which involves measuring the scattering of high-energy particles in particle collisions. The test could eventually be performed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) if the predicted predictions are not found.