Articles tagged with Gender
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study reveals that women are 60% more likely than men to experience radiocontrast-induced nephropathy, a type of kidney damage, after undergoing coronary angiograms. Researchers theorize that a woman's smaller size may be a contributing factor, suggesting potential adjustments to contrast dye dosages.
Scientists from the University of Copenhagen have discovered three distinct clusters of intestinal bacteria, known as enterotypes, which affect digestion, energy metabolism, and drug absorption. These enterotypes are independent of nationality, gender, and age, providing a new biological fingerprint for personalized medicine.
A recent study published in Gender & Society reveals that scouting manuals steer girls towards arts and crafts while discouraging scientific pursuits. Meanwhile, boys are encouraged to pursue careers like engineering and science. The findings highlight the perpetuation of gender stereotypes in scouting organizations.
A study found that depression erodes intimate relationships by impairing partners' ability to perceive each other's thoughts and feelings. The more depressed a woman is, the less accurately she infers her partner's emotions, leading to increased alienation and depression in both partners.
A study by University of Illinois education professors reveals a growing gender gap in math and reading scores, especially in lower grades. Teachers tend to overestimate girls' math achievement and underestimate boys' reading abilities, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
Researchers found that most orthodontists prescribed removable retainers, with 58.2% opting for these over fixed lingual retainers. Patient compliance was generally high, with 60% wearing retainers more than 10 hours a day in the first three months.
A new study has revealed the brain networks involved in person recognition using both face and voice information. The research found that specific regions of the left angular gyrus and right hippocampus are activated when recognizing people from combined visual and auditory cues.
A survey of over 2,000 US and 1,000 UK doctors found that one in five have experienced incompetent colleagues and nearly three-quarters have sounded the alarm. However, many doctors fear retribution for reporting poor performance.
A UK study found that people with higher levels of education and married individuals report better sleep quality. Additionally, job satisfaction plays a significant role in determining the quality of sleep, with those who are least satisfied reporting shorter sleep periods. The study also highlights the impact of work-related pressures...
A study by North Carolina State University found that superficial similarities between training participants and helper agents enhance performance. Participants reported better engagement and focus when the helper's communication style matched their own, leading to improved learning outcomes.
Researchers from Kansas State University discovered that people's enjoyment of movies depends on both the content and their co-viewer. The study found that graphic sex scenes in particular cause discomfort for parents and teens, leading to awkward interactions.
Researcher Sharyn Clough suggests that societal expectations of cleanliness may contribute to higher rates of allergies, asthma, and autoimmune disorders in adult women. By examining the impact of hygiene on health through a gender lens, Clough proposes new ways of understanding the 'hygiene hypothesis'.
Scientists have solved the long-standing problem of pterosaur head crests by discovering a female fossil with an egg, showing females were crestless and males used crests to intimidate rivals. The discovery uses hip size and crest development to sex pterosaurs.
Research reveals that smoking is behind 40-60% of the gender gap in mortality across Europe. The study found that deaths related to smoking and respiratory diseases were significantly higher for men than women.
A recent study published in Psychological Science found that people's perceptions of gender are influenced by their sense of touch. When touched by a hard object, individuals were more likely to categorize neutral faces as male, while soft textures led them to perceive these same faces as female.
This special section of Perspectives on Psychological Science explores how psychologists can avoid stigmatizing groups by framing individual and group differences as strengths. Experts discuss the importance of challenging biases and stereotypes in research, teaching, and advocacy to promote a more inclusive field of psychology.
A recent study found that individuals in high-powered jobs that don't align with their gender are more likely to be judged less competently and face greater scrutiny for mistakes. This phenomenon, known as the glass cliff, can hinder women's career advancement in traditionally male roles.
Researchers at MIT and Harvard discovered that the brain assigns gender to faces based on location, challenging a long-held neuroscience principle. The study found that when people view computer-generated faces without other distinguishing features, patterns of biases emerge based on where the face appears on the screen.
A study by researchers at The Pennsylvania State University found that when teachers call attention to gender, children express stereotyped views and preferences. In classrooms where teachers avoided gender divisions, children showed no change in responses or behaviors.
A study by Penn State psychologists found that highlighting gender differences in preschool classrooms leads to increased stereotyped views among children, with a decrease in playtime with peers of the other sex.
A study at Rice University found that female candidates are described in more communal terms, which can negatively impact their hiring chances. The researchers suggest that traditional gender schemas contribute to these biases, highlighting the need for increased awareness of subtle discrimination in academia and management roles.
Researchers identify five flirting styles: physical, traditional, polite, sincere and playful. Self-awareness can help individuals avoid past dating mistakes and succeed in courtship. The study's results have value beyond research, highlighting the importance of early relationship development.
Cordelia Fine argues that reports of sex differences in the brain are often based on flawed research methods and misunderstood findings. She advocates for a critical evaluation of these claims to avoid reinforcing outdated gender stereotypes.
A Spanish study found that women disproportionately carry the burden of household chores, even as they participate more in the workforce. Only 12% of women share household tasks with their partner, while 55% take on all responsibilities, highlighting the need for greater gender equality.
Researchers discovered that black truffles outcross, meaning they have opposite mating types and engage in sexual reproduction. This finding challenges the long-held assumption that truffles reproduce through self-fertilization alone.
A study of 15-year-olds in seven Eastern European and 16 Western countries found that drunkenness levels increased in Eastern Europe and among girls, but decreased in Western countries and boys. This decline was attributed to changes in socioeconomic conditions and alcohol marketing practices.
Research from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation found that increased education among women of reproductive age led to a significant reduction in child mortality rates. Between 1970 and 2009, 51% of the reduction in child deaths can be attributed to improved education levels.
A new study finds that training can eliminate the gender gap in spatial abilities in first graders, a promising direction for improving girls' math and science skills. The research suggests that early intervention programs can help level the playing field and provide equal opportunities for girls to excel in these areas.
A study by Michigan State University sociologist Aaron M. McCright found that women are more likely to believe in the scientific consensus on global warming than men. The research challenges common perceptions that men are more scientifically literate and suggests gender socialization as a possible explanation for the gender divide.
Scientists at the University of Gothenburg discovered that female rough periwinkles conceal their gender identity to avoid excessive copulation. This results in females copulating less frequently, which is beneficial for their survival. The study highlights a case of sexual conflict where females attempt to conceal their gender.
Dr. Lisa Tatonetti's research reveals that Native American and Alaskan groups have a rich history of Two-Spirit traditions, with many nations having alternate genders and sexuality spaces. Her upcoming book will be the first literary exploration into recorded Two-Spirit literature.
A study by University of Cincinnati professor David Maume found that men who worked late shifts believed it negatively impacted their marriages, whereas most women saw rotating work schedules as a strain on their marriages. Women reported greater difficulty in caring for and nurturing family members due to their schedules.
A psychologist emphasizes that women's suicidal behavior patterns are culturally scripted, with women adopting self-destructive behaviors expected within their cultures. The cultural variability in suicidal behavior calls for 'culturally situated suicidality research and prevention,' according to Silvia S. Canetto.
A study published in Journal of Abnormal Psychology found that subtypes of domestically violent men and women share similar personality traits and characteristics. The analysis of 567 civil psychiatric patients revealed three common subtypes among both genders, shedding light on the complexities of domestic violence.
A new study reveals that men who experience stiff competition for female attention live shorter lives, with mortality rates increasing by 1.6% among those with higher sex ratios. The researchers suspect that this phenomenon is caused by a combination of social and biological factors, including stress and embodiment of the social world.
A study finds that gender harassment, even without unwanted sexual advances, leads to negative personal and professional outcomes for women. Women who experience gender harassment report lower satisfaction with their jobs, higher stress, and poorer overall well-being.
A Rutgers study found that male modesty is viewed as a weakness, negatively impacting employability and earnings potential. In contrast, female modesty has no negative connotations.
A study found that the gender of both the alcoholic parent and child influences psychopathology in children, with female parent-female child pairings showing the strongest effect. The findings suggest a significant positive relationship between parental alcoholism and increased risk of psychiatric illnesses in adult children.
A study by North Carolina State University found that male football players are more comfortable with treatment by male athletic trainers for gender-specific injuries, but have no preference for general psychological conditions. However, they prefer female trainers for non-gender-specific injuries like a dislocated shoulder due to pote...
Researchers found a persistent gender gap in math and science performance among the most talented seventh graders, with boys outnumbering girls by 3-to-1 at extremely high levels. However, the gap has narrowed considerably over time, and girls slightly outnumber boys at higher levels of verbal reasoning and writing ability.
A study by Dr. David Hibbard and Dr. Duane Buhrmester found that competing to win is detrimental to teenage girls' social relationships and well-being, while competing to excel has no gender differences in its effects. Competing to excel benefits both genders, improving self-esteem and reducing depression.
A study published in the European Journal of Public Health found that nearly 10% of Madrid women experience gender-related violence, with significant differences by age and socioeconomic factors. The study highlights the need for preventive intervention and social support to protect vulnerable women.
A new study published in Springer's journal Sex Roles found that toddlers adopt different behaviors and cues from their mothers and fathers during play and caregiving situations. In play, children tend to be more involved in directing interactions, while in snack situations, they accept parental authority.
The Lancet highlights the 10 reasons why women and children are invisible, including a lack of social mission, poor attitudes, inadequate evaluation, and insufficient leadership. The article emphasizes the need for coordination and empowerment to address these issues.
Despite achieving parity by 2015 in only 18 countries, the MDG 3 target for eliminating gender disparity in primary and secondary education remains unmet. The Editorial emphasizes that political discussions around MDGs 4, 5, and 6 have excluded gender equity.
A national survey of surgical residents found that those who are single or do not have children are more likely to pursue specialty fellowships. The study also highlights the growing trend of specialization among surgery residents, which may impact the future of general surgery.
Research by Juan Oliva found that HIV-positive individuals are less likely to find work than their male counterparts, with women facing a significant disadvantage, and factors such as health, education level and type of transmission playing a role in employment status.
A study of female characters in American action films reveals that over 58% are portrayed as submissive to male heroes, while 42% are romantically involved with them. Despite appearances of empowerment, these women often rely on masculine norms and re-articulate gender stereotypes
A study in Canadian Medical Association Journal found new immigrants, especially women and those of South Asian or African descent, have a higher risk of diabetes than long-term residents. Lifestyle interventions and targeted educational programs for recent immigrants are recommended to mitigate this risk.
The rise of female-driven movies marks a significant shift in Hollywood, with films like Precious and Sex and the City receiving critical acclaim. This change is attributed to a shift in identity from traditional 'chick flicks' to more topical and relevant stories for modern women.
Researchers explore why college students prefer hooking up or dating. Women fear emotional attachment, while men value independence in both situations. Men and women agree on benefits and risks of dating and hooking up, with context influencing preferences.
A large-scale Dutch study finds that bullies aim to gain status by dominating victims, while avoiding social rejection from peers. The study also reveals that gender plays a significant role in bullying behavior.
Researchers discover the 'doublesex' gene plays a crucial role in shaping fruit fly brain architecture and behavior, leading to distinct male and female neural circuits. The study sheds light on sex determination and coordination of sex-specific physiology in fruit flies.
Researchers at Dartmouth College found that female brown anole lizards prefer larger males to father their sons, resulting in increased survival rates. This unique mating strategy allows the females to pass on beneficial genes for large size to their offspring.
A study published in Sexually Transmitted Infections found that badly fitting condoms can lead to reduced sexual pleasure for both partners. Researchers surveyed 436 men who reported using poorly fitting condoms, finding a significant link between poor fit and increased rates of breakage, slippage, and penile irritation.
The American Psychiatric Association released proposed draft diagnostic criteria for the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The revisions include new categories for learning disorders and autism spectrum disorders, as well as the addition of dimensional assessments to evaluate symptom severity...
Back-to-work policies are losing impact due to their 'gender blind' approach, neglecting the needs of teenage fathers and men working in childcare. The study emphasizes the importance of targeted support for young fathers to address gender inequalities and promote inclusive policies.
A study published in Springer's journal Sex Roles found that how a woman negotiates condom use influences her perception by others. Women who highlight their sexuality through condom use are judged more harshly than those who simply refuse or discuss concerns about sexually transmitted infections.
Researchers from Oklahoma State University outline a teaching method that uses rapid computer game creation to bridge the digital divide. This approach circumvents traditional barriers to computing, such as prior knowledge of programming, and fosters critical and creative thinking skills.
A recent study by the Academy of Finland has found a correlation between school burnout and parental work burnout. Children of parents experiencing burnout are more likely to experience school burnout, with shared experiences often occurring between adolescents and parents of the same gender.