Researchers observed killer whales favoring Weddell seals as their primary target despite the availability of other prey species. The study provides insight into the cooperative hunting behavior of killer whales in Antarctic waters.
Researchers developed a biological memristor using human blood, exhibiting memory effects when exposed to voltage polarity and magnitude. The breakthrough demonstrates the potential for creating liquid memristors from human tissues, paving the way for future cyborg devices.
Researchers estimate that lifting the ban on HIV-infected organ donation could provide transplants to 500 patients annually. The study suggests that this change would not only benefit HIV-positive patients but also reduce waiting times for non-HIV infected patients.
Researchers have successfully treated severe Crohn's disease with a new cell therapy approach using Type 1 regulatory lymphocytes. The preliminary results indicate improved condition and good tolerability, paving the way for further phase 2b clinical trials.
Researchers grew mesenchymal stem cells as tiny spheres to form a variety of cell types, expanding their potential for regenerative medicine. The 3D technique recreates the microscopic environment found in human bodies, allowing MSCs to specialize more rapidly and completely.
A study found that depression erodes intimate relationships by impairing partners' ability to perceive each other's thoughts and feelings. The more depressed a woman is, the less accurately she infers her partner's emotions, leading to increased alienation and depression in both partners.
A case study reports that singing lowered a 76-year-old woman's blood pressure from 240/120 mm Hg to acceptable levels for knee replacement surgery. The patient's blood pressure remained lower after continued singing for several hours, and she was cleared for successful surgery.
Scientists at Queen's University have won a £2 million grant from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) to study dark matter, dark energy, and the Sun. The funding will support international collaborations with top universities, including Harvard and Vanderbilt.
Researchers from the University of York and Manchester have extracted protein from a 600,000 year old mammoth fossil, providing a near complete collagen sequence. This breakthrough enables the identification of ancient fossils and opens up new possibilities for studying extinct animals.
A global consensus report defines meibomian gland dysfunction as a chronic, diffuse abnormality affecting the tear film. The report proposes a universal classification system and diagnostic tests to aid clinicians in diagnosing and managing MGD-related disorders.
The Kepler spacecraft provides clear views of changes in star brightness, allowing astronomers to probe a star's core and determine its density and chemistry. The mission helps understand the life cycle of red giant stars, including whether they burn hydrogen or helium in the core.
A new study found that teenage fatherhood significantly impacts young adult outcomes, including a 15-point reduction in high school graduation rates and an 11-point increase in receiving a GED. The experience of teenage fatherhood also increases the likelihood of full-time employment and military service.
A new study found that human metapneumovirus and bacterial pneumonia contributed to the deaths of mountain gorillas in Virunga National Park. The virus was closely related to strains circulating in South Africa, suggesting that tourists may have carried it into the parks.
A new study in The FASEB Journal found that free access to scientific journal articles does not increase their citations, contradicting the widely-held 'open access citation advantage' theory. The research suggests that open access articles are seen by more readers but not cited more frequently.
Researchers at Ohio State University used mass spectrometry to discover that pyrrolysine is produced through a simple series of chemical reactions involving two lysine molecules. The finding provides a more complete understanding of how amino acids are made and offers new insights into the biosynthesis pathway.
Scientists have developed a fast-recharge, three-dimensional lithium-ion battery that recharges in minutes, not hours. The new battery has a longer lifespan and can store more energy per unit volume, making it ideal for electric cars.
A new study suggests that fatality figures from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill may have been greatly underestimated, with a true death toll potentially 50 times higher. Marine conditions and far-off deaths mean recovered carcasses only account for a small proportion of fatalities.
Research from the University of Toronto Scarborough found that traditional problem-focused approaches to work-life balance can cause more problems due to stress and exhaustion. In contrast, avoiding conflicts by taking breaks can lead to reduced conflict between life roles and improved satisfaction with life.
A study from Michigan State University suggests that lack of motivation and equipment are the primary barriers to physical activity among adolescent boys. An after-school exercise program may help overcome this decrease in exercise, according to researcher Lorraine Robbins.
Researchers discovered that HIV envelope protein complex can be exposed to raise more broadly cross-reactive antibodies against HIV. This finding could lead to the development of effective vaccines against HIV and AIDS.
A study published in The Lancet found that properly trained auxiliary nurse midwives and nurses can administer safe, low-technology medical abortion services as effectively as doctors. This could expand access to safe abortion services in developing countries where unmet need is greatest.
A team of researchers has built a computer model of a bacterial cell's crowded interior, accurately simulating the behavior of living cells in response to environmental stimuli. By analyzing the distribution of molecules within the cell, they found that molecular crowding affects individual molecule movement and chemical reactions.
Researchers from the Belle Collaboration observed h b (pronounced h-sub-b) and h b (2P) particles in Japan's KEK particle accelerator data. This discovery will help test theories describing the strong force and provide a better understanding of the universe.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that neural stem cells in the brain's memory area become activated after injury and remodel the area with newly generated nerve cells, but this process may be limited by a finite pool of stem cells.
The new stereo-EEG method enables exact localization of functionally important brain areas, improving the safety of epilepsy surgery. The technique also provides a more pleasant experience for patients, with thin recording electrodes placed through small holes.
A new therapy program using virtual reality and scents like smoke and spices helps servicemen recover from wartime experiences. Researchers seek to reduce flashbacks and anxiety in veterans diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
A new paper suggests that potentially habitable planets orbiting white dwarfs could be much easier to find than other exoplanets. The study proposes a survey of the 20,000 closest white dwarfs, which could be detected using a 1-meter ground telescope.
The Navy has awarded $10.8 million to 21 young researchers at 18 academic institutions as part of the 2011 Young Investigator Program. The program supports outstanding faculty researchers in STEM fields, with annual research grants of approximately $170,000 for three years.
UBC researchers found that death anxiety leads people to support intelligent design and reject evolutionary theory. Studies suggest that existential concerns can be addressed by naturalistic approaches like evolution, promoting a sense of meaning and purpose.
Researchers have identified a promising new approach to treating alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma by targeting the Igf1r and Her2 pathways. This method has shown promise in preventing resistance to current treatments, with significant increases in tumor cell killing when combining inhibitors.
The molecular disease model for melanoma (MDMM) classifies the disease into molecular subtypes and provides treatment guidelines for each subtype. The MDMM is maintained online and updated continuously based on input from the melanoma community.
Researchers found that viewers were heavily influenced by a continuous response tracking measure called the 'worm', which can compromise democratic decision-making. The study suggests that biased worms in live debates could determine election outcomes.
Researchers used a new virus-based technique to map individual nerve pathways in mice and found significant diversity in how the olfactory system is wired. This suggests that each person's unique wiring may contribute to their distinct olfactory experiences, raising questions about how humans perceive smells.
A study published in Journal of Health Psychology found that individuals with asthma are 1.26 times more likely to be smokers and twice as likely to be nicotine dependent than those without asthma. The researchers suggest addressing tobacco use and dependence in relation to asthma care.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have successfully created ordered layers of nanoparticles using spincasting, a technique that utilizes centrifugal force to distribute liquids onto solid substrates. This approach has promising results for the creation of materials with various uses, from optics to electronics.
Navindra Seeram has discovered 54 beneficial compounds in pure maple syrup, with 20 previously identified compounds playing a key role in human health. The research also reveals anti-inflammatory properties and potential uses in fighting cancer, diabetes, and bacterial illnesses.
A study published in Blood reveals that imatinib treatment has no significant impact on the outcome of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients aged 65 and older. The research found that complete hematologic response rates, cytogenetic response rates, and overall survival rates were similar between younger and older patients treated wit...
Researchers at the Salk Institute have developed a mathematical framework to understand how neurons in the retina encode visual information. The study reveals that only information about pairs of temporal stimulus patterns is relayed to the brain, with higher-order combinations being less important than previously thought.
A new treatment approach targeting CML stem cells is being tested, offering a potential cure for patients resistant to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Hydroxychloroquine has shown promise in killing cancer cells undergoing autophagy, a state that allows them to survive and return after standard therapy.
Researchers found low Rho GDI-alpha protein levels in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer tumors, predicting recurrence. MTA2 protein levels rose with declining Rho GDI-alpha, combining to predict tumor progression.
Researchers have identified a gene that controls the behavior of stem cells in the intestine, which can lead to bowel cancers. The team aims to grow healthy stem cells into transplant tissues to replace damaged intestines, potentially treating patients with Crohn's disease and some cancers.
Researchers report that US military personnel in Iraq are frequently exposed to polluted air with fine particulate matter, exceeding guidelines and posing long-term health threats. Chronic exposure has been linked to various health problems, including increased hospital admissions and cardiovascular disease.
Laccase enzymes have been found to contribute significantly to lignification in Arabidopsis, playing a central role in the formation of this biopolymer. The study's findings suggest that genetic engineering of laccases could lead to improved saccharification and biofuel production.
Researchers at the University of Missouri found that being in a good mood decreases working memory capacity. Participants who watched a comedy routine showed improved moods but struggled with memory recall, highlighting the negative impact of positive mood on working memory storage.
Researchers have identified key aspects of learning based on decades of research, including repetition, reward, visualization, active engagement, and others. These neurobiology-based strategies can improve retention and depth of understanding in medical education.
The Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation, along with the Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, presented inaugural JVIR Editor's Awards for outstanding clinical research paper and laboratory investigation. The awards recognized significant contributions to clinical and pre-clinical research in interventional radio...
Studies reveal Tet protein maintains pluripotency in stem cells by silencing differentiation genes while activating pluripotency genes. The protein's product, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, plays a crucial role in regulating transcription and is the first genome-wide location of its role in development and disease.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have discovered genetic pathways that selectively starve kidney cancer cells. The study found that inactivating the von Hippel-Lindau gene can block cells from using oxygen to generate energy, forcing them to use alternative methods such as glycolysis.
A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that combining diet and exercise improves physical performance by 21% in obese seniors, compared to 12% with weight loss alone and 15% with exercise alone. This combination also leads to significant improvements in strength, balance, and quality of life.
A study found that individuals with amyloid plaques and no cognitive impairment exhibited similar brain structure changes to those with Alzheimer's disease. The researchers aim to identify potential therapeutic targets to prevent the development of dementia.
A new study found that consuming candy and chocolate in moderation is not associated with adverse health effects. The study, which examined over 15,000 adults, showed that candy consumption was linked to lower risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.
A study by UC Davis researchers found that frequent CT scans for testicular cancer surveillance are associated with a higher risk of secondary malignancies in older men. The study suggests that alternative imaging techniques, such as ultrasound and MRI, may be more suitable.
A new study reveals that triclocarban (TCC) accumulates rapidly in fish, with levels reaching 1,000 times higher than those in the water. This is the first report of TCC uptake and metabolism in fish species, highlighting concerns about its potential endocrine-disrupting effects.
A study published in PLoS One found that viewers were heavily influenced by the 'worm', a continuous response tracking measure used in live debates. The researchers concluded that the worm's small sample size makes it vulnerable to manipulation and compromises the public's ability to form independent opinions.
A new study by UCLA researchers has found that a key regulator of cholesterol and fat metabolism in the liver also plays a crucial role in the development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. LXRs, master regulators of cholesterol and inflammatory gene expression, control the fibrosis-making cells of the liver.
Late blight, a devastating disease affecting potato and tomato production worldwide, will be studied using an integrated approach of research, education, and extension. The project aims to develop diagnostic tools, resistant plants, and improved management guidelines to reduce on-farm costs and fungicide use.
A new study by Indiana University professor Evan Ringquist finds that emissions trading programs do not create heavily polluted areas in minority and low-income communities. The study analyzed data from the sulfur dioxide allowance trading program and found no evidence of 'hot spots' or increased pollution in these areas.
The new guidelines provide evidence-based guidance for the initiation and safety monitoring of multiple medications used in treating JIA, including biologic therapies. The recommendations aim to improve short- and medium-term outcomes for children with JIA.
USDA scientists have discovered a previously unknown population of American elms that carry genes for resistance to Dutch elm disease. The diploid trees were found in the wild and may hold the key to combating the disease, which has killed millions of trees since its arrival in the US in 1931.
Researchers at Caltech found that warm ocean waters off the eastern coasts of these continents heat the air above it, forming atmospheric waves that draw in cold air from the northern polar region. This process explains why the northeastern United States and eastern Canada experience colder winters than similar latitudes in Europe.
Researchers found that increasing protein to 25% of total calories helps reduce late-night desires to eat and increases feelings of fullness. Lean cuts of pork are a high-protein food option that can be easily incorporated into daily meals.
A Michigan State University study found that women who view sexual harassment as merely bothersome do not experience distress, unlike those who see it as frightening. For men, however, sexual harassment is distressing regardless of perception. The research surveyed over 6,000 women and men in the military.
A new three-drug cocktail has been shown to eliminate the hepatitis C virus in patients more effectively than the current two-drug regimen, with significantly higher rates of sustained virologic response. This breakthrough treatment offers new hope for patients who have not responded to previous therapy.
Researchers investigate widespread basement erosion during late Paleocene-early Eocene in Laramide Rocky Mountains. Additionally, they explore anomalous clastic wedge development and V-shaped conjugate strike-slip faults with implications for planetary geology.
Researchers identified a potential new treatment for juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, a rare form of childhood leukemia. The experimental drug, known as a MEK inhibitor, alleviated symptoms and delayed disease progression in mouse models.
A decades-long study demonstrates that low doses of estrogen combined with growth hormone in prepubescent girls with Turner syndrome has a synergistic effect on growth, increasing their height and improving cognitive functioning. The treatment also shows benefits for psychosocial development.
The Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation has received a major corporate pledge of $500,000 from Navilyst Medical to support its Discovery Campaign. This funding will be used to support grants, research consensus panels, registries, studies addressing comparative effectiveness, clinical trials, and educational programming.
A new hepatitis C drug, boceprevir, has shown significant promise in treating patients with hard-to-treat cases. The study found that the drug helped cure more patients than traditional treatment methods within 36 weeks.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have found that mucus can facilitate the penetration of toxic substances into cells, potentially leading to new treatments for diseases like cancer. The study suggests a new approach for delivering hydrophobic drugs, which could be absorbed through the lungs or digestive system.
Bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke in patients with diabetes, with 70% remission in two years and 30% remaining 15 years later. The surgery also reduces new cases of diabetes by 80% among obese patients.
A study published in Nature reveals that Basic Yellow 1, a neurodegenerative marker, also has anti-aging properties in nematode worms. The compound extends lifespan by more than 50% and slows disease-like pathology in healthy worms.