Articles tagged with Insulin Resistance
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that a gut hormone called cholecystokinin (CCK) activates receptors to regulate glucose levels via a gut-brain-liver neuronal axis. CCK's effects depend on activation of CCK-A receptors, which slow down glucose production in the liver.
PEDF, secreted by fat cells, leads to insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Blocking PEDF action may reverse health complications associated with obesity.
Researchers found that mothers with elevated blood pressure during pregnancy increased the risk of PCOS in their daughters, while a family history of cardiovascular disease in either parent was also linked to an increased risk. Brothers of women with PCOS are also at greater risk of developing insulin resistance or diabetes.
Researchers at Salk Institute discover how obesity triggers diabetes by activating ER stress, leading to abnormal glucose production in the liver. CRTC2 plays a key role in this process, with ATF6a competing for its binding site.
Researchers found that nicotine promotes insulin resistance, raising blood sugar levels higher than normal. This condition increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in smokers.
Researchers found that nicotine induces prediabetes in mice, which may contribute to the high prevalence of heart disease among smokers. The study suggests that reducing tissue glucocorticoid levels or decreasing insulin resistance may help reduce heart disease risk.
A new study finds that optimal medical therapy is equally effective as revascularization procedures like bypass surgery or angioplasty in lowering the risk of death and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes and stable coronary heart disease. Insulin-providing and insulin-sensitizing drugs are also shown to be equally effective.
A new study from Duke University Medical Center suggests that high protein intake with fat consumption may contribute to insulin resistance in obese individuals. The research found that the combination of branched-chain amino acids and high-fat diets caused changes at the cellular level that can lead to insulin resistance.
A new study reveals that high-fat diets supplemented with extra branched chain amino acids can lead to insulin resistance and diabetes in rats. The researchers found that BCAA tend to climb along with insulin resistance, and its effects are exacerbated when combined with high fat consumption.
A new study published in Cell Metabolism suggests that a fat-derived inflammatory factor, CXCL5, plays a key role in insulin resistance and obesity-related diseases. The researchers found that CXCL5 is produced by fat tissue and is linked to the development of various conditions, including pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and arthritis.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that African-Americans tend to store fat in subcutaneous adipose tissues, which may protect them from insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This fundamental difference in lipid metabolism could lead to targeted therapies for populations prone to NAFLD.
Researchers at the University of Michigan discovered that protein TBC1D1 plays a crucial role in glucose transport into muscle cells after exercise. This finding could lead to new drug therapies or more effective exercise protocols for preventing Type 2 diabetes and other health problems associated with high blood sugar.
Two studies found that SOX9 renders melanomas sensitive to retinoic acid, stopping tumor growth and offering new hope for effective treatment. Additionally, researchers identified two enzymes crucial for ureter-bladder connection during development, which may hold key to treating congenital anomalies.
A study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology found that telmisartan significantly improved insulin resistance, reduced liver inflammation and fibrosis, and showed promise as a treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In contrast, valsartan had no effect on liver histology or plasma lipids.
Researchers at the Salk Institute found a protein called CREB that promotes insulin resistance in obese mice. Blocking CREB's activity improved insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for type II diabetes. The study provides hope for new treatments that don't require weight loss.
A new study in mice reveals that a gene called PGC-1b plays a key role in the development of insulin resistance caused by high fructose intake. The researchers found that blocking PGC-1b activity improved metabolic profiles and reversed fructose-induced insulin resistance.
Researchers have found that blocking the 'fasting signal' in fat tissue can prevent insulin resistance in obese mice. The discovery suggests targeting therapies to adipose tissue could have therapeutic benefits for insulin-resistant states.
A new study published in Hepatology found that African-Americans are more resistant to fatty liver disease and insulin resistance, particularly when it comes to triglyceride levels. The research suggests an 'insulin resistance paradox' where African-Americans exhibit lower insulin sensitivity despite similar body fat distributions.
Researchers have identified two causes of critical illness hypeglycemia in children: peripheral insulin resistance and primary beta-cell dysfunction. The study found that those with respiratory failure only had CIH caused by elevated insulin resistance, while those with both respiratory and cardiovascular failure had CIH caused by prim...
Researchers found increased PAI-1 expression in the heart of mice with diabetes leads to profibrotic effects, including increased fibrosis and functional derangements. This link may contribute to the high incidence of heart failure after myocardial infarction in people with diabetes.
Researchers discovered that omega-3 fatty acids protect against liver damage and insulin resistance caused by obesity. The study found that lipids called protectins and resolvins derived from omega-3 fatty acids reduced the incidence of liver complications in obese mice, leading to improved insulin tolerance.
Researchers found a genetic variation in the HGF gene that increases breast cancer risk, suggesting shortening of a DNA region called DATE could be a useful marker. A study also revealed that high-fat diets can lead to insulin resistance by damaging mitochondria and increasing oxidative stress, but antioxidants may mitigate this effect.
Researchers found that fat molecules clog up muscle cells' cytosol but not mitochondrion. By increasing mitochondrial ability to burn fat, muscles become more responsive to insulin. The discovery opens doors to developing new therapies for Type 2 diabetes.
A study by Wajahat Mehal and colleagues found that aspirin reduces liver damage caused by acetaminophen overdose. In contrast, glucocorticoid therapy may cause varying levels of brain injury in neonates, depending on the type of steroid used. These findings have important implications for treatment strategies.
A randomized clinical trial involving sedentary obese older adults found that a combination of resistance and aerobic exercises improved insulin resistance and functional limitations. The study showed greater improvements with combined exercise compared to individual types of exercise.
A study found that sleep apnea is strongly associated with decreased glucose metabolism and pancreatic function, independent of body fat. Another study linked chronic intermittent hypoxia from sleep apnea to liver disease progression in severely obese patients.
A gene variant that protects against weight gain and insulin resistance becomes a bad actor on high-fat diets, new research suggests. Mice with the Ala12 variant show improved insulin sensitivity and better plasma lipid profiles on balanced diets but worsen these outcomes when fed a diet high in fat.
New research suggests that excess liver fat is a key contributor to metabolic problems, including high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. The study found that children with fatty liver disease had abnormalities in glucose and fat metabolism, including lower levels of HDL cholesterol.
A three-year study found that vitamin K supplementation improved insulin resistance in elderly men, while worsening it in women and those not given supplements. Vitamin K may help regulate glucose metabolism by storing in fat tissue.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona have discovered the relation between genes that affect a cell's capacity to generate energy. The study highlights the importance of Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in regulating mitochondrial fusion, which is crucial for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
A new study reveals that fructose consumption can induce leptin resistance, leading to weight gain when combined with a high-fat diet. Leptin resistance developed silently, without obesity, and was associated with higher triglyceride levels in the blood.
A study found that vitamin A's carrier protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP), was significantly lower in obese subjects than nonobese subjects. This suggests a potential link between RBP and insulin resistance in obesity. Further research is needed to determine the role of apo-RBP, an unbound form of RBP, in mediating insulin signaling.
A study published in Diabetes Care found that young men with type-2 diabetes have significantly lower levels of testosterone, which can impact fertility, muscle development, and increase the risk of heart disease. The study also highlights the potential clinical implications of low testosterone in these individuals.
Research indicates that obesity can be metabolically benign, with some obese individuals having a lower risk of heart disease and diabetes. The studies found that visceral fat accumulation was more important than total body fat in determining the beneficial phenotype in obesity.
A new study found that targeting liver CB1 receptor may treat obesity-related conditions without brain-side effects, reversing severe insulin resistance and fatty liver in mice fed high-fat diets. The research indicates liver-specific CB1 is necessary for high-fat diet-induced fatty liver and related hormonal changes.
Researchers found insulin resistance in young girls with PCOS mother, suggesting high risk of disease; future studies aim to identify earliest sign of susceptibility. Excessive insulin may be primary culprit behind reproductive abnormalities.
Researchers found that rats on diets enriched with industrial or natural trans-fats showed no significant changes in insulin or glucose responses. The study also confirmed these findings in cell culture studies, indicating that muscles can utilize trans-fatty acids without increasing the risk of insulin resistance and diabetes.
A study found that higher levels of liver protein fetuin-A are associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in older adults. The researchers measured fetuin-A levels in 519 diabetes-free individuals aged 70-79 years and found a significant association between fetuin-A and the development of diabetes.
Research conducted by University of Melbourne's Dr Anne Cust and colleagues found that overweight and insulin-resistant women are about 50% more likely to be diagnosed with an advanced stage of breast cancer. The study, published in Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, tracked over 60,000 Swedish women for 20 years.
A Finnish study of identical twins found that physical inactivity and acquired obesity impair the expression of genes involved in energy production, contributing to insulin resistance. The study suggests that lifestyle factors play a significant role in developing diabetes and heart disease.
A new study found that chronic alcohol abuse can decrease levels of genes needed for brain cells to respond to insulin/IGF, leading to neurodegeneration. Insulin resistance in the cerebellum and frontal lobe was associated with loss of neurons and decreased levels of neurotransmitters.
A study found that metformin treatment delayed menstruation and decreased insulin resistance in young girls at risk of early puberty. The treatment also reduced abdominal fat and improved cholesterol levels, lowering the risk of future heart disease.
A new study finds that pregnant women with high insulin resistance are at a higher risk of pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, and cesarean sections. Babies born to these women also face increased risks of macrosomia and hypoglycemia.
A USC study found that progressive weight gain in Hispanic women is a key factor in the decline of beta cell function, leading to rising glucose levels and an increased risk of developing diabetes. The study's findings highlight the importance of reducing excess fat to prevent or delay diabetes.
A team of researchers found that the protein TORC2 is crucial for glucose production and fat storage in Drosophila, a genetic switch that regulates metabolism in both flies and human livers. Without functional TORC, fly lifespan was cut in half and their ability to store energy was impaired.
Researchers have found that tricyclic antidepressants can restore vagal function and reduce intestinal inflammation in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly those who are also depressed. Genetic mutations linked to permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus have been identified, and bacteria can blunt the responses of inv...
Researchers followed Minneapolis school children from ages 11 to 19 to track the emergence of cardiovascular risk factors. By age 19, boys were at greater cardiovascular risk despite gaining muscle mass and losing fat during puberty.
A new study from Ohio State University found that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) may need to be paired with the hormone leptin to prevent side effects of rapid weight loss. The study used mice genetically engineered to have no leptin, finding that CLA diets can result in weight loss but also insulin resistance.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center have found that insulin inhibits a master gene regulator protein, SKN-1, which controls the Phase 2 detoxification pathway. Increased SKN-1 activity increases lifespan, providing potential insights into increasing resistance to chronic diseases and influencing longevity.
A recent study found that weight loss and major lifestyle changes are more effective in treating type 2 diabetes than intensive insulin therapy. Insulin resistance, caused by high-calorie diets, can lead to organ damage and increase the risk of complications such as heart disease and blindness.
A new study proposes that intestinal dysfunction, specifically in the upper small intestine, may be the source of Type 2 diabetes. Surgical bypass operations can reverse this abnormality, leading to diabetes remission.
Researchers found that Asian Indians have higher insulin resistance and mitochondrial function than Northern Europeans, despite being non-obese. This study suggests that urbanization and diet changes may contribute to the increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians.
A new study found elevated markers of blood vessel inflammation in overweight Hispanic children with normal blood glucose levels, increasing their risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The research highlights the need for obesity prevention strategies tailored to this high-risk population.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have discovered a novel link between excessive nutrient levels and insulin resistance. The enzyme OGT plays a crucial role in regulating insulin signaling by slamming the brake on glucose uptake, leading to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
A study discovered a 'fat-burning' gene that plays a crucial role in insulin sensitivity. When this gene is impaired, it can lead to increased risk of obesity and worsening diabetes.
Researchers at Boston University found that increasing type II muscle mass reduces body fat and improves metabolic parameters in genetically engineered mice. This study suggests that strength training may be beneficial for overweight individuals and could lead to new treatments for obesity and diabetes.
Research suggests that insulin inhibits resistin expression and secretion in adipocytes, but resistin induces cellular insulin resistance in hepatocytes and myoblasts. Serum resistin levels correlate negatively with insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity rats.
Researchers found that mice lacking the renin enzyme are lean and resistant to diet-induced obesity, even without exercise. The study suggests that renin-blocking drugs could improve obesity and insulin sensitivity, providing new insights into the metabolic syndrome.
UCSD researchers have discovered that inflammation from immune cells called macrophages leads to insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. By disabling the macrophage inflammatory pathway, insulin resistance can be prevented in mouse models.
Overweight children who exercised for just three months showed improvements in executive function and reduced their diabetes risk. The study found that regular physical activity can enhance cognitive development and reduce insulin resistance.