Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study has discovered a non-invasive method to diagnose osteoarthritis by detecting high-frequency sounds from knee joint components, showing promise for improved diagnosis and personalized treatment plans. The technique involves attaching small microphones to knees and analyzing sound waveforms during movement phases.
A new BU School of Public Health study reveals people with PTSD are 1.8 times more likely to develop any infection compared to those without the condition. The study found distinct effects on men and women, with PTSD increasing a woman's risk of urinary tract infections, while having a greater impact on men's risk of skin infections.
A new study found that children with strong early reading skills in their native Spanish language performed better in reading English, even after controlling for English proficiency. This suggests that well-developed Spanish reading proficiency plays a greater role in English reading development than speaking English.
A new study tracking STEMI patients in North India reveals lower rates of female representation among treated patients and significantly younger patient demographics. The registry aims to provide insights into risk factors, practice patterns, and prognosis to improve treatment outcomes for this underserved population.
A Yale-led study found that total fertility rates (TFRs) increased across all educational groups in Generation X women, with the greatest increase seen in college-educated women. College-educated women tend to have a three-child norm, driven by a larger proportion of those with two children having a third child.
A long-term cohort study of over 36,000 Japanese men found that consuming mushrooms on a regular basis reduces the risk of prostate cancer. Participants who ate mushrooms three or more times per week had a 17% lower risk compared to those who ate less frequently.
Researchers at the University of Bergen identified new genetic signals regulating infant growth, which may help combat growth-related diseases like obesity and malnutrition. The study found that different BMI-signals exist for children and adults, with varying genetic influences during childhood.
A simple cardiac risk score is associated with MRI-detected pre-clinical cerebrovascular disease, including carotid artery plaque and silent strokes. Early detection and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors can prevent cerebrovascular disease from developing.
Researchers found that age has a greater impact on religiosity than cohort effects in high-income countries. This could lead to a shift in societal structures. As older people make up more of the population, there may be a resurgence of religiosity in countries like Japan.
A healthy dietary pattern was associated with a 30% lower incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a 23% lower incidence of albuminuria, an early indicator of kidney damage. The findings suggest that maintaining a healthy diet may help prevent kidney disease.
A new study by MIT researchers suggests that solar panels with lifetimes as short as 10 years can make economic sense for grid-scale installations. The team analyzed three types of solar installations and found that the levelized cost of electricity, not just the panel's lifetime, determines economic viability.
A Norwegian study found that a child's gluten intake at 18 months is associated with a 46% increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes for each extra 10g of gluten consumed. The mother's gluten intake during pregnancy was not linked to the risk.
A longitundinal cohort study found an association between paracetamol intake during mid-pregnancy and behavioral problems in children. Hyperactivity and attention issues were common among young children whose mothers took paracetamol 'sometimes' or more often.
Recent studies indicate a potential decrease in the rate of new type 2 diabetes cases, although overall prevalence continues to rise. The decline is attributed to improved care and longer survival rates, suggesting that public health initiatives may be contributing to the trend.
A new study by UMass Amherst researchers shows that out-of-state casino gambling among Massachusetts residents decreased significantly after the state's first slot parlor, Plainridge Park Casino, opened in 2015. The study found that only 3-10% of problem gamblers seek professional treatment, highlighting the need for alternative effect...
A new study developed a blood-based biomarker panel that can diagnose posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in male combat veterans with 77% accuracy. The panel uses genomic, metabolic, and protein biomarkers to identify genetic and cellular changes associated with PTSD.
A study found that patients presenting with non-alarming gastrointestinal symptoms experienced longer wait times for referral, while those with red flag symptoms had shorter wait times. The study highlights the need for earlier reconsideration of initial diagnoses and strict follow-up consultations to reduce wait times.
According to the PURE study, cancer is now the leading cause of death globally, accounting for 26% of all deaths. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a significant cause of mortality, particularly in high-income countries where its burden has decreased.
A European study found that patients with high PRD values (≥7.5 degrees) benefit from implantable defibrillators, with a 75% decrease in mortality risk, while those with lower values see a 31% reduction.
The Lancet published several studies on cardiovascular disease, including a new risk chart for 21 global regions and a trial on percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting. Additionally, the journal presented findings on sirolimus-eluting stents versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents in patients ...
Researchers will track three Boston-based cohorts for over half a century and analyze data on socioeconomic, environmental, and psychosocial factors that impact Alzheimer's disease, cardiometabolic disease, and premature death.
Heavy smokers who quit can lower their CVD risk by 39% in just five years, a finding that contradicts current clinical guidelines. The study's findings suggest that it may take up to 25 years for CVD risk to become as low as that of a non-smoker.
A nationwide HIV prevention study led by Dr. Christian Grov has been extended due to its success in achieving stringent transition milestones. The study aims to improve HIV prevention and care for gay and bisexual men using technology-mediated epidemiological cohort studies.
Agricultural lands are the most productive places for solar power, according to an Oregon State University study. The researchers found that converting less than 1% of land to solar panels would be sufficient to fulfill global electric energy demand.
The University of Miami will track cardiovascular and pulmonary disease in men and women with HIV, exploring differences between sexes. The seven-year study aims to understand comorbid conditions and their impact on people with HIV infection.
A large international study found that only 0.7% of deaths in noncardiac surgery patients occurred during the operating room period, while 29% occurred after discharge. Major bleeding, heart injury, and severe infection accounted for a significant portion of deaths.
A nationwide study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that high blood sugar levels significantly increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. The study suggests that early detection of hyperglycemia and lifestyle modifications to improve glucose profiles may help lower this risk.
A new study finds that diabetes confers a greater excess risk of heart failure in women than men, with type 1 diabetes associated with a 47% higher risk. The study suggests several potential explanations for this difference, including sex differences in diabetes management and cardiovascular risk factors.
A study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that quitting alcohol can lead to improved mental well-being and health-related quality of life, particularly among women. The study analyzed data from over 10,000 participants and suggested that moderate drinking may not have the same benefits as previously thought.
A study found that certain genetic variants in children may make them more vulnerable to the toxic effects of prenatal methylmercury exposure. The research, led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, suggests around 30% of children carry a gene variant increasing their risk.
A study by Penn State researchers found that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels below 70mg/dL increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Participants with LDL levels between 70-99mg/dL had a similar risk, but those below 50mg/dL faced a significantly higher risk of 169%.
A new UBC study reveals that upbeat music can increase heart rate and enjoyment during high-intensity interval training (HIIT), making it more appealing to less-active individuals. The research found that motivational music with a fast tempo was particularly effective in enhancing physical and emotional responses to exercise.
A $24.8 million grant-funded longitudinal study will examine the long-term impact of vaping, environmental factors, and lifestyle on lung health in millennials. The study aims to identify risk factors, biomarkers, and early interventions for chronic lung diseases.
A new study found that people who are obese from childhood through middle age face a higher risk of difficulty with daily tasks such as lifting and carrying shopping by the time they are 50. Those who become obese in early life have more than double the risk of difficulties compared to those who were never obese.
Postural sway is a significant independent risk factor for bone fractures in postmenopausal women, doubling their fracture risk compared to those with the lowest postural sway. A combination of high postural sway and low bone mineral density increases overall and osteoporotic fracture risks five- and eleven-fold respectively.
A study found that individuals tend to date people with similar personalities, as described by their current and ex-partners. The research suggests that partnering patterns may be more predictable than previously thought, particularly among those high in extraversion or openness to experience.
A new study by Boston University School of Public Health found no consistent association between iron consumption and conception. However, non-heme iron intake was associated with a slightly increased chance of pregnancy in certain groups, such as women who had previously given birth or experienced heavy menstrual cycles.
The new MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study will investigate chronic conditions affecting people living with HIV, such as cardiovascular and lung disease, diabetes, and cancer. Researchers will also examine the impact of age, race, ethnicity, and health disparities on HIV-related comorbidities.
Researchers identified a panel of genetic markers that reliably predict which animals are most vulnerable to chronic wasting disease in Northeastern deer. The study found that deer with the more susceptible genotypes are in the majority, particularly in the Mid-Atlantic region where an outbreak is occurring.
A large international consortium analyzed protein-coding genes from nearly 46,000 people, linking rare DNA alterations to type 2 diabetes. The study identified four genes with rare variants that affect diabetes risk, providing potential targets for new medicines and guiding researchers to better understand the disease.
Researchers are conducting a six-year study to investigate the factors contributing to poor health in rural communities. The study will recruit 4,000 participants from 10 rural counties and collect data on lifestyle, behavioral factors, medical history, and environmental elements.
Researchers created a Job-Exposure Matrix (JEM) approach to estimate average plutonium exposure levels for early Sellafield workers. This method overcomes missing or deficient data limitations, enabling more accurate epidemiological studies of internal radiation risks.
A new UCL-led study found that women with a history of eating disorders are more likely to experience depressive symptoms during pregnancy and beyond. The research suggests that early identification and treatment of eating disorders in pregnant women could reduce the long-term impact on both mothers and children.
A recent study published in the European Journal of Epidemiology found a strong link between maternal nut intake during pregnancy and improved cognitive function in children. The research, conducted in Spain, analyzed data from over 2,200 mother-child pairs and discovered that those who consumed more nuts during the first trimester sco...
A recent study reveals Finnish students excel in social media and online news digital literacy tasks due to their curriculum's emphasis on explicit critical thinking skill development. The US system's implicit approach may contribute to the disparity.
Research suggests that US schools can harness the power of solar panels to reduce their energy bills and carbon footprint. The study found that schools in sunny states like Texas, California, and Florida have the greatest potential for generating electricity from solar panels on school rooftops.
A new study from Lund University found that Indian women are younger and leaner when developing gestational diabetes compared to Swedish women. The researchers identified a gene linked to increased risk in Swedish women but protective effects in Indian women.
Researchers identified six factors associated with increased risk of invasive breast cancer recurrence after ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosis. These factors include African-American race, premenopausal status, and high histological grade. The study's findings aim to reduce overtreatment of low-risk DCIS cases.
Researchers analyzed 20 prospective cohort studies in Asian countries to find that smoking patterns are similar to those in the US, leading to an increased risk of lung cancer mortality and other health problems. The study calls for immediate action to implement comprehensive tobacco control policies in all Asian countries.
Children with more than two hours of screen time per day were five times more likely to report clinically significant externalizing problems and had a significantly increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In contrast, children who engaged in organized sports showed fewer behavioral problems.
The Framingham Heart Study, the nation's longest-running cohort study, has been renewed for an additional six years and $38 million from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Researchers will examine the elderly groups and younger cohorts to better understand aging and determinants of health and disease in older people.
Research reveals that chronic diseases significantly decrease mobility in older adults without them realizing it, affecting physical activity levels. Exercise therapies tailored to the type of disease can improve physical functioning and independent living possibilities.
A recent study found that contamination of privacy curtains with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is a common problem in healthcare facilities globally. The researchers discovered that patient colonisation with MRSA and VRE was associated with curtain contamination, highlighting the potential for MDRO transmission to patients.
A new study published in Obstetrics and Gynecology found that Massachusetts' parental consent law for abortion leads to significant delays in care, increasing medical risks and constraining clinical options. The law requires a judicial bypass hearing for minors seeking abortions without parental consent.
The largest study of childhood cancer after IVF found that IVF babies are at a higher risk of certain cancers, particularly hepatic tumors. The study did not find any association between IVF and an increased risk of other specific cancers.
A new study reveals that obesity in boys accelerates the start of puberty, with central and total obesity increasing the odds of early puberty. The study found that controlling obesity in children could help decrease risks of behavior problems and testicular cancer.
A new study found seven bacteria and immune factors in the vagina and cervix that increase or decrease the risk of spontaneous preterm birth, particularly in African-American women. Higher levels of β-defensin-2 lowered the risk of sPTB associated with cervicovaginal microbiota.
A new study found that the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report underestimated the threats of climate change by overemphasizing uncertainty. The report suggests that the agency's language is too cautious, hiding the true extent of human impact on the environment.
A study of 3000 IVF births found average birthweight increased by 180g, despite low initial risks. Embryo freezing may mitigate this risk, suggesting a lower health impact on newer IVF children.
Researchers have developed a metric called IMM-AGE to accurately understand an individual's immune status, providing increased information for accurate prediction and management of risks. This new capability has major implications for drug development, including the design of future vaccine trials and re-evaluating past vaccine trials.