Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Longitudinal cohort studies provide an excellent learning environment for early researchers, offering high-quality data and mentorship opportunities. These studies, such as the Framingham Heart Study, can help investigators launch their careers by publishing research with higher impact and gaining valuable experience.
A new study suggests that moderate alcohol consumption has health benefits, particularly for older adults. Researchers found that younger people are more likely to die from alcohol-related causes than they are to benefit from drinking, while older individuals tend to experience the health benefits often mentioned in news stories.
A new study published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine found that self-reported sleep parameters reported by children and their parents are relatively accurate compared to objective measures. Children overestimated their sleep duration by a median of 32 minutes, while parents overestimated it by 36 minutes.
A new study by Cass Business School academic Dr Ruben van Werven has identified four key language strategies used by influential entrepreneurs to connect with investors. These strategies include implying a point without making it, presenting the imagined future as a reality, being explicit about the current situation, and supporting th...
A new study from Michigan State University suggests that finding someone who is nice and conscientious can lead to higher levels of relationship satisfaction. The research found that even among couples with similar personalities, traits like neuroticism and extroversion have a negative impact on relationship happiness
The American Thoracic Society has developed a new clinical practice guideline for home oxygen therapy in children with chronic hypoxemia. The guideline makes specific recommendations for treating various respiratory and pulmonary conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and interstitial lung disease.
A new study found that higher consumption of fruits and vegetables may be associated with a lower risk of premature death in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. The findings suggest that more studies are needed to fine-tune dietary recommendations for patients with kidney failure.
A new study from the University of York found that first-time mothers who give birth via unplanned cesarean section are 15% more likely to experience postnatal depression. The study highlights the need for increased mental health support for women whose babies are delivered via emergency C-section.
A study published in Finland found that both educational level and occupational orientation predict a mother's likelihood of smoking during early pregnancy. Low educational levels and vocational education were strongly linked to increased smoking rates, whereas university degrees showed lower smoking rates.
Researchers found that prior dengue exposure protects children from symptomatic Zika disease in the Americas. Children with a prior dengue infection were 38% less likely to develop symptomatic Zika than those without prior exposure. This suggests an immunological interaction between dengue and Zika viruses.
Research published in the Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health found that body size-height and weight may have a greater impact on women's lifespan. Additionally, daily physical activity was associated with the best chance of reaching 90 for women, with an optimal threshold of around 60 minutes a day.
A comprehensive US study found only 13% of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions were appropriate, highlighting the widespread overuse of antibiotics. The study used a novel classification scheme and evaluated all 91,738 diagnosis codes in ICD-10, categorizing each for antibiotic appropriateness.
Researchers found that liberals are more likely to publicize the achievements of minorities, including women and black individuals. The study suggests a link between political ideology and the amplification of minority accomplishments, highlighting differences in liberal and conservative Twitter posts and panel preferences.
Research finds people with heart attacks, strokes, or cardiac arrests are less likely to be working and have lower incomes than healthy peers. Employment loss can lead to substantial earnings reductions, ranging from 8% to 31%. The study aims to develop interventions to support return to work.
The study analyzed the criteria and remaining issues in Ordovician System subdivision and correlation in China, identifying problems with boundary definition, stage durations, and isotopic dating. It also highlighted the importance of precise age determination for petroleum exploration and development in China.
Diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia in children and adolescents relies on clinical phenotype, LDL-C levels, and family history. Effective treatment approaches include statins, with ezetimibe and bile acid sequestrants used as second-line agents.
A large-scale genomic analysis found a strong link between type 2 diabetes and erectile dysfunction, suggesting that living a healthier lifestyle may help reduce risk. The study identified a genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes as a cause of erectile dysfunction.
A new study found elevated mortality patterns among late-Gen X (38-45 year-olds) and early-Gen Y (27-37 year-olds), with non-Hispanic whites being disproportionately affected. The study suggests that economic difficulties during the Great Recession may have contributed to increased health impacts on these age groups.
A study from McMaster University and the Netherlands found that the impairment rating of injured workers significantly differs depending on the edition of the American Medical Association (AMA) guides used. The researchers compared two editions and found that the sixth edition resulted in lower impairment ratings.
A new study found that consuming a Mediterranean-type diet rich in plants and olive oil significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease among American women. The diet's benefits were attributed to changes in inflammation, glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance.
A new study links maternal stress levels at conception to children's cortisol responses at age 11, with different associations for boys and girls. The researchers measured cortisol levels from mothers-to-be and their children over several years.
A population-based study found significant association between nighttime artificial, outdoor light exposure and increased prevalence of hypnotic prescriptions among older adults. The study suggests that higher levels of artificial light at night may lead to longer periods of hypnotic drug use in this demographic.
A new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism reveals weight cycling is associated with a higher risk of death. Conversely, weight loss from weight cycling can reduce diabetes risk in people with obesity.
A new study found that anabolic steroid use is associated with a three-times higher risk of death and more hospital contacts among men. The study also revealed significant side effects such as acne, gynaecomastia, and erectile dysfunction among users.
A new study has found a significant association between long-term exposure to road traffic noise and the risk of obesity. The research, published in Environment International, involved 3796 adults who took part in the Swiss SAPALDIA cohort study and had attended at least two follow-up visits between 2001 and 2011.
A large American Cancer Society study found that social isolation is linked to a higher risk of death from all causes combined and heart disease, with increased cancer mortality in white men and women. Addressing social isolation holds promise as it could be relatively simple and influence other risk factors.
A triple therapy combining two immune checkpoint inhibitors with standard-of-care chemotherapy has shown a complete response rate of 43% and projected one-year overall survival of 58%. The treatment approach showed promising results, but more study is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
Researchers found that part-time clinicians have longer appointment backlogs when available in clinic is reduced. Establishing clinician teams and non-clinician support can help improve access to appointments.
A new study published in The Lancet HIV indicates that HIV-2 is more pathogenic than previously demonstrated, with a slower but identical progression to AIDS as HIV-1. Early treatment is recommended for all patients with HIV-2, despite current WHO guidelines only offering treatment to those with HIV-1.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 studies found that people with the highest anthocyanin intake were 9% less likely to suffer from coronary heart disease. Anthocyanins have also been linked to improved risk factors for heart disease, such as cholesterol levels and blood pressure.
A study by Penn State found that adults who sleep six hours per night have significantly more concentrated urine and higher odds of dehydration compared to those who sleep eight hours. This is due to the body's hormonal system regulating hydration, particularly the hormone vasopressin.
Researchers found benznidazole improves clinical and parasitological outcomes in Chagas patients treated early, lowering mortality rates and parasite counts. This study provides evidence for using benznidazole to treat early-stage Chagas disease.
A comprehensive study by the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute found that air pollution and transportation noise significantly increase the risk of heart attacks. The study reveals that considering both factors together reduces the estimated effect of air pollution on cardiovascular health.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine found three distinct phases in infant gut microbiome development from 3-46 months of age. Partial breastfeeding was associated with higher abundance of probiotic bacteria, while cessation accelerated maturation and change in microbial diversity.
A new study finds that regular physical activity improves lung function in current smokers, regardless of air pollution levels. The study, led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, analyzed data from over 4,500 people and found that physical activity benefits even in areas with high air pollution.
A new study published in The BMJ suggests that genetics play a significantly larger role in the development of high serum urate levels than diet. Despite long-held assumptions about diet's impact on gout, researchers found that only a small percentage of variation in urate levels could be explained by food choices.
Research from the University of Bath and London School of Economics found that business owners with above-average optimism earned 30% less than those with below-average optimism. Pessimistic entrepreneurs are more likely to avoid poor entrepreneurial projects, while optimistic ones may be misled into setting up failing businesses.
A new study by Boston University School of Public Health researchers found that higher levels of stress are associated with lower odds of conception for women, but not for men. Women with high perceived stress were 13% less likely to conceive than those with low perceived stress.
A Danish-Norwegian study found that breast cancer mortality is declining due to better treatment, not screening. The study challenges the effectiveness of breast cancer screening programs, suggesting alternative methods like palpation.
Mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus are at higher risk of developing postpartum depression symptoms, which affect 10-15% of new mothers. A Finnish study found that 16% of mothers with GDM experienced postpartum depression symptoms, compared to 9% without GDM.
Researchers have identified the genetic mechanisms underlying preterm labor by studying the Nodal gene. Variations of the gene and inflammation are associated with an increased risk of premature delivery.
Research suggests that dairy products can protect against total mortality and cerebrovascular causes, but milk consumption increases the risk of CHD. Public health officials should revise guidelines on dairy consumption, recommending fat-free or low-fat milk.
Researchers have identified a gene variant linked to chronic pain after traumatic injury, specifically the FKBP5 gene, which regulates the stress response and is affected by microRNA miR-320a. Individuals with this variant are more likely to experience increased pain due to altered cortisol levels and nerve sensitization.
A study found that air pollution exposure was associated with decreased cognitive test scores, particularly in verbal abilities. Reducing fine particulate matter concentrations could lead to significant improvements in cognitive performance, equivalent to a shift from median to 63rd percentile scores.
A new study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation - Insight found that cardio exercise increases the production of the hormone FGF21, which has positive effects on metabolism. In contrast, strength training with weights had no significant impact on this hormone or another muscle-building hormone called FGF19.
A study has identified six biomarkers of inflammation associated with the risk of polyneuropathy in people with type 2 diabetes. The findings suggest a complex interaction between innate and adaptive immunity in the development of this complication.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that European 'new smoker' rates among younger teens have increased in recent years, while older teens' rates declined from the 1970s to the 2000s. The study suggests that tobacco control measures are necessary to address this trend.
A study of 35,132 individuals found that unstable drinking patterns over time may increase heart disease risk, while consistent moderate drinking within recommended guidelines may have a cardioprotective effect. Consistency in drinking behavior is crucial for reaping the benefits.
Research suggests that moderate drinking within recommended guidelines may have a cardioprotective effect, but unstable patterns over time increase the risk of coronary heart disease. Consistency is key, and lifestyle changes, such as retirement, may also play a role in differing risks.
A UCL-led study found that stress enhances people's ability to process and internalize bad news, reversing the typical optimism bias. Under stressful conditions, individuals become more vigilant to bad news, even when unrelated to their anxiety source.
Research from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found pregnant women with low EPA+DHA serum levels had a significantly higher risk of early preterm birth compared to those with higher levels. The study suggests that adequate intake of long chain omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy may help prevent preterm birth.
A new online tool, Astro-CHARM, has been developed to predict who is at the highest risk of suffering a heart attack or stroke in the next 10 years. The calculator combines coronary artery calcium measurement with traditional risk factors like blood pressure and cholesterol.
Researchers found that older women with high bitter-taste sensitivity had a significantly higher cancer risk, despite not consuming fewer vegetables. The study suggests that the relationship between bitter-taste sensitivity and cancer may relate more to overall diet quality than just vegetable consumption.
A study published in Neurology found that despite rapid diagnoses, diagnostic inaccuracy occurred in 6.9% of patients, but only worsened outcomes in 0.8% cases
A recent study published in Clinical Obesity found that individuals with metabolic healthy obesity, but no other risk factors, do not have an increased rate of mortality. The study followed over 54,000 participants and contradicts current weight management guidelines.
Research reveals that HIV-infected youth have lower levels of a protective bacterium in their dental plaque, leading to higher cavities rates. The study aims to explore the role of oral microbiome in HIV-exposed youth and inform new therapies to prevent dental decay.
A new study by Brigham and Women's Hospital confirms the relationship between sodium intake and increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. The research suggests that an imprecise evaluation of sodium intake may have contributed to paradoxical results in previous studies, emphasizing the importance of accurate measurement methods.
A new review study published in Clinical Nutrition found that plant-based diets improve glycemic control, lead to weight loss, and lower cholesterol levels in people with type 2 diabetes. The results suggest that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes can reduce the risk of heart problems and improve type 2 diabetes.
A new study examines the effect of HPV vaccine on a population level, finding a significant reduction in severe dysplasia. The vaccine has been shown to work effectively in reducing cervical cancer risk, with a 40% lower incidence rate compared to unvaccinated women.
A new study has found that girls with high vitamin D levels have stronger muscles than those with low levels. The association was not found in boys, and researchers are unsure why girls benefit more from vitamin D. Vitamin D is an important source of muscle strength, but the exact mechanism is still unclear.