Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
A Canadian study found that children who regularly eat meals with their family experience long-term physical and mental health benefits. Family meals are associated with better fitness, lower soft-drink consumption, and improved social skills.
A Drexel University study suggests that if a quarter of high-risk men use daily PrEP, 3 out of every 10 HIV infections could be prevented. The study also found that when all preventive strategies were combined, they resulted in the prevention of 72.2% of infections.
A five-week exercise program based on Zumba Fitness improved the quality of life of inactive university workers, especially their emotional well-being. The benefits persisted for up to two months after the program ended.
The full results from the second Phase 3 clinical study of LMTX confirm its efficacy as a monotherapy for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. The study showed significant slowing of brain atrophy and functional decline in patients treated with LMTX, while those receiving add-on therapy experienced no significant change.
Babies exposed to antibiotics for GBS developmentally delayed gut bacteria, which recovered by 12 weeks of age. Long-term effects on infant health are unclear.
A large cohort study found that patients with low-level viremia are at increased risk of treatment failure and developing virological failure. Clinical interventions should take place at lower viral loads than current WHO guidelines to prevent poor outcomes.
A new study published in International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that benzodiazepine use is associated with a 40% increased risk of death among persons with Alzheimer's disease. The study, which included over 10,380 participants, suggests that these drugs may contribute to adverse events such as falls, pneumonia, and stroke.
General practitioners trained in compression ultrasonography achieve excellent accuracy in diagnosing deep vein thrombosis, with a diagnostic accuracy of 96%. The technique's sensitivity and specificity rates are comparable to those of expert physicians.
A UK study found that older patients experiencing more discontinuity of care in general practice are at a higher risk of emergency hospital admissions. Patients with the least continuity had a risk of admission twice as high as those with complete continuity.
A recent study published in HeartRhythm found that blacks have a lower risk of atrial fibrillation compared to whites, despite having similar risk factors. The research suggests that the frequency of early beats in the atria, known as premature atrial contractions, may be heritable and explain the racial differences in AF rates.
A study of over 74,000 women found that cataract surgery was associated with a 60% reduced risk of death from all causes. The researchers also noted significant reductions in deaths due to pulmonary, accidental, infectious, neurologic and vascular diseases, and cancer.
Human exposure to glyphosate has increased significantly since the introduction of genetically modified crops, with 70% of study participants having detectable levels by 2016. Glyphosate use has also increased 15-fold since 1994.
A new study suggests that walking, even at lower-than-recommended levels, is associated with a lower mortality risk compared to inactivity. Regular walking was most strongly linked to reduced risk of respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease mortality.
A new study suggests that physically active white men are at a higher risk of developing plaque buildup in their heart arteries by middle age. The study found that those who exercised the most were 27% more likely to develop this condition, compared to those who exercised less.
A new study published in Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure predicts that warmer oceans will lead to higher wind speeds and larger storms, resulting in increased damage and financial losses due to hurricanes. The study estimates a 70% increase in hurricane-related financial loss by 2100 for coastal communities in South Carolina.
Indiana University will establish a network of sites to study early-onset Alzheimer's disease, a rare variant that affects people under 65. The Longitudinal Early-onset AD Study (LEADS) aims to bridge the gap in clinical trials for this population by collecting robust longitudinal data on genetic risk factors and treatment options.
Wayne State University will analyze 20 years of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders data to refine the new diagnosis and provide support for official recognition in the DSM. The study aims to identify key developmental outcomes, prenatal alcohol exposure levels, and critical dose effects.
A recent study published in The Journal of Nutrition found that adolescents consuming the least amount of vitamin K1 were at a higher risk for unhealthy enlargement of their heart's major pumping chamber. This association was independent of other factors such as physical activity and blood pressure.
A study by Anna Kirstine Winthereik shows that general practitioners who prioritize home visits reduce the time terminally ill cancer patients spend in hospitals and increase the likelihood of them dying at home. The study also highlights a positive correlation between frequent home visits and reduced hospital bed days.
A new study found that smoking at the time of diagnosis and changes in smoking within five years after diagnosis are associated with long-term breast cancer mortality. Quitting smoking after diagnosis may improve survival among women with breast cancer, but continued smoking increases risk of death.
A recent study published in Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology found that the HPV vaccine is associated with improved fertility in some women, particularly those with a history of sexually transmitted infections. The research, led by Boston University School of Public Health, suggests that vaccinated women with an STI history have s...
A new study found that adults who sit for one to two hours without moving have a higher mortality rate than those with shorter bouts of sedentary time. Breaking up long sitting periods into shorter intervals can help reduce death risk, according to researchers.
A new Australian study reveals hip fractures are a major public health issue with high morbidity and mortality rates. The research found that individuals with hip fractures were 3.5 times more likely to die within 12 months compared to non-injured counterparts, with excess mortality risk higher in males than females.
Researchers found that high levels of suPAR are a reliable predictor of kidney damage in children, similar to adults. The protein is associated with increased risk of kidney loss and progression in children with mild to moderate kidney disease.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that consuming protein throughout the day, rather than just at two meals, can lead to greater muscle mass and strength in older adults. Researchers analyzed data from over 1,800 seniors in Quebec and discovered a positive correlation between balanced protein intake a...
The HCM-EVIDENCE study validates ESC recommendations for predicting and preventing sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The risk prediction tool, HCM Risk-SCD, accurately distinguishes between high- and low-risk patients, with good agreement between predicted and actual SCD rates.
A new study analyzing data from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry found no significant benefits of pre-hospital antiplatelet therapy in STEMI patients. The study suggests that pre-treatment may even pose a risk, particularly for patients with contraindications to antithrombotic therapy.
A new study found that higher coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of death, particularly among those aged 45 and above. Drinking four cups of coffee per day was linked to a 64% reduced risk of all-cause mortality.
A new study published in the European Society of Cardiology found that high salt intake is associated with a doubled risk of heart failure. The study, which followed over 4,000 participants for 12 years, estimated individual salt intake using a 24-hour sodium extraction method.
Long-term use of high-dose vitamin B6 and B12 supplements is associated with a two- to four-fold increased lung cancer risk in men. Male smokers taking these supplements were three times more likely to develop lung cancer, while those taking higher doses were approximately four times more likely.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found no correlation between thoracic kyphosis and physical function decline in those over 50. The study used CT scans to evaluate early signs of hyperkyphosis in a relatively young population, contradicting previous assumptions about its predictive value.
Research links elemental sulfur use to poorer respiratory health in children living near farms that apply the pesticide, with significant associations found between sulfur use and asthma-related symptoms. The study suggests urgent need for more research and possible changes to regulations and application methods.
Clinical studies supporting FDA approval of high-risk medical device modifications were found to be methodologically poor, with many lacking randomization and blinding.
A recent study published in JAMA found that many studies supporting changes to high-risk medical devices are poorly designed and lack rigor. The researchers analyzed 83 supplement approvals for these devices and found similar problems with data quality and analysis procedures as seen in premarket approval studies.
A new study from McMaster University highlights the importance of public health messaging to South Asian women who are considering pregnancy. The research found that a healthy diet and pre-pregnancy weight can significantly decrease gestational diabetes risk, with approximately one-third of cases preventable.
Researchers studied health effects of job transition on employed vs unemployed adults, finding that poor quality work was linked to higher chronic stress biomarkers and worse physical health. Good quality work, however, was associated with improved mental health scores.
A new study found that dog walking increases physical activity levels in older adults, even on cold and wet days. Dog owners were sedentary for 30 minutes less per day, on average.
A new study by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health finds that cumulative weight gain over the course of early and middle adulthood may increase health risks later in life, including a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. The study suggests that even moderate weight gain can ha...
A study led by Queen Mary University of London predicts organ failure in critically injured patients based on the early immune response to trauma. The research identified specific genes involved in the immediate response, which may help determine which patients are at risk of developing Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS).
Patients with opioid use disorder on buprenorphine are at significantly higher risk of death when in and out of treatment. The study found a 2.6 times increased risk of mortality compared to individuals without addiction issues during the same time period.
A Sam Houston State University study found that half of witnesses did not select anyone from the lineup, with 78% accuracy when a selection was made. The results show challenges in identifying suspects, particularly for witnesses of different races or ethnicities and those exposed to guns.
A UCSF-led study found that crowdsourced data may not be representative of certain populations, such as older adults and racial/ethnic minorities. The study suggests that proactive efforts are needed to promote inclusion of underrepresented groups in projects using crowdsourced recruitment and data collection.
A recent study published in the SiRENE project found that transportation noise exposure is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Road noise was particularly critical, increasing the risk of myocardial infarction by 4% per 10 decibel increase. Noise also disrupts sleep patterns, which can negatively ...
A large-scale study of women carrying faults in cancer genes found that family history, gene position, and precise mutation type impact cancer risk. Estimates provide more confidence for counselling and clinical management.
A 10-year Vanderbilt University Medical Center study disputes the long-held notion that uterine fibroids increase the risk of miscarriage. Contrary to previous research, women with fibroids have an identical risk of miscarriage as those without them when accounting for other pregnancy loss factors.
A recent analysis found that individuals with debilitating pain had a higher risk of dying during the study. Those with severe pain interference reported significantly increased risks of mortality.
A nationwide study in Sweden found that specific antipsychotic agents and routes of administration impact the risk of rehospitalization and treatment failure among patients with schizophrenia. The research highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches to optimize patient outcomes.
A Danish nationwide population-based cohort study found mortality increases by 60-80% after 8-10 years post-heart bypass surgery. The study showed that the prognosis for patients who undergo successful surgery is similar to that of the general population until this point.
A new study from McMaster University found that ethnicity and breastfeeding practices independently affect the gut microbiota in infants as young as one year old. The research revealed a higher abundance of lactic acid bacteria in South Asians and Clostridia in white Caucasians, suggesting potential links to future health issues such a...
Researchers found that higher body mass index (BMI) can cause worse cardiovascular health in young adults as young as 17, according to a study using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The study suggests that tackling obesity from an early age may help prevent cardiovascular changes that are precursors to car...
Researchers found that statin users had improved left ventricular mass and volume, and reduced thickened heart muscle and large heart chambers. This suggests that statins may lower the risk of future heart attacks, heart failure, or stroke by reversing negative changes in the heart.
Two large US studies found a significant association between high fiber intake and reduced risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. High cereal fiber intake was also linked to lower worsening knee pain.
A recent research review found that moderate drinking has little support for preventing heart disease. In fact, seniors who drink moderately may be healthier due to their age and health status. However, the association between moderate drinking and better health may be misleading due to factors such as age and overall health.
Replacing one serving of sugar-sweetened soft drink or beer with a glass of water daily can lower the incidence of obesity. Drinking water instead of beer was found to reduce obesity risk by 20%, while substituting other sugary drinks showed no significant effect.
A new study by Johns Hopkins University found that once-formidable disparities between black and white families living in subsidized housing have largely vanished. Black and white children who grew up in such housing fared similarly in education, employment, and earnings.
A study found that retirement lowers biological stress levels in higher-status jobs, but increases them in lower-status jobs. This widening of the socio-economic-health gradient could contribute to rising health inequalities in old age.
Researchers found that phthalate exposure during pregnancy and breastfeeding can lead to epigenetic modifications in children, increasing the risk of developing allergic asthma. The study also showed that the effects are not limited to the child, as the offspring of exposed mothers continued to be affected even after birth.
A recent analysis of data from a critical epidemiological study found no association between formaldehyde exposure and acute myeloid leukemia. The study's findings contradict previous studies that reported associations between formaldehyde exposure and certain types of leukemia.
A large Danish cohort study found that antibiotic use is associated with lower enterolignan concentrations in the blood, especially for women. The study suggests that antibiotics can negatively affect intestinal bacteria's ability to metabolize plant lignans into enterolignans.
Researchers discovered rare genetic variants on chromosomes 4 and 7 linked to extended survival and lower risks of cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's. The study highlights the importance of studying rare cases to identify combinations of common and rare variants associated with extreme longevity.