Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
A protein-based risk score was developed and validated for predicting cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease. The score performed better than the Framingham secondary event risk model but provided modest discriminative accuracy.
A heart monitor implant has been shown to detect potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias in patients with systemic sclerosis, a serious immune disease. The device can store ECG data automatically and pick up various heart rhythm abnormalities in over half of the cohort of SSc patients.
A recent study found that approximately one-third of women taking oral bisphosphonates continue to be at elevated risk for bone fracture. Despite the medication being effective in reducing fracture risk, various factors such as other medical conditions and fall-related problems contribute to this increased risk.
A new study finds that EU-15 citizens increasingly identify as European, with the proportion rising to 61% in 2013. The study also shows that younger cohorts are more likely to have multiple identities, which will continue to increase as they replace older generations.
A study published in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that doctors and non-doctors in the US experience similar levels of hospital care and intensive care unit stays at the end of life. More than 46% of doctors enrolled in hospice care compared to 43.2% of non-doctors, suggesting a shift towards more palliative care.
A new study published in the journal Sleep found that US military members who reported insomnia symptoms or short sleep durations were less resilient than those with healthy sleep hygiene. The study also showed that poor sleepers are more likely to leave the military early and are less likely to deploy.
A study of over 3,500 patients with CKD found a significant association between high urinary sodium excretion and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The researchers discovered that moderate sodium reduction may lower CVD risk in these patients.
Research from UC Berkeley and Northwestern University suggests that outbursts of anger predict cardiovascular problems, while shutting down emotionally or 'stonewalling' raises the risk of musculoskeletal ailments. The study monitored couples' behaviors over 20 years, finding a stronger link for husbands but also correlations in wives.
Researchers investigated late mortality rates among sepsis survivors and found a high rate of death within two years. The study suggests that pre-existing health conditions do not explain the increased risk of late death after sepsis, implying that treatments may be more effective than previously thought.
CHF patients with predominant central sleep apnea (CSA) are at higher risk for death and unplanned hospitalization, particularly those in the most severe NYHA class. ASV therapy has been shown to be effective in treating CSA, but its impact on mortality rates remains unclear.
Researchers analyze high-risk individuals and track their HIV status to understand the evolution of symptoms and signs during acute infection. The study reveals a correlation between peak viremia and set-point viremia, establishing a critical window for intervention strategies.
A new study has found a significant association between prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and lower birth weight. Infants exposed to SSRIs for two or more trimesters weighed 205 grams less than those not exposed, on average.
A new study published in Neurobiology of Aging found that shift workers performed worse on a cognitive test compared to non-shift workers. Those who had quit shift work for more than five years showed similar results to non-shift workers.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital found a significant association between eating four or more servings of boiled, baked, mashed potatoes or French fries per week and an increased risk of high blood pressure. Replacing potato consumption with non-starchy vegetables was associated with a lower risk of hypertension.
Untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a significant increase in major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, including cardiovascular death, heart attack, stroke, and unplanned revascularization. Patients with OSA have a 1.57 times higher risk of these events compared to those without OSA.
Researchers found that patients with ARDS were more likely to have ILA, and those with ILA on CT imaging prior to ARDS development had a greater risk of in-hospital mortality. This suggests ILA may be a risk factor for ARDS.
A study of over 300 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans found that nearly 50% met the criteria for mild to moderate CMI, with common symptoms including fatigue, joint pain, and difficulty remembering. The study suggests a link between deployment and CMI, but notes limitations in the research and recommends further investigation.
A comprehensive assessment of dengue fever's economic impact found the global cost to be substantial at $8.9 billion annually, exceeding several other major infectious diseases. The study provides valuable insights for governments and donors in making informed decisions about dengue programs.
A new study published in Hypertension found that arterial stiffening can be detected in early adulthood, particularly in ethnic minority groups, and is associated with physical inactivity, stress from racism, and high blood pressure. Regular physical activity was linked to lower arterial stiffness, emphasizing the importance of exercis...
A new NYU Steinhardt study reveals growing income-based gaps in college attendance and completion, but decreasing gaps in high school graduation rates. The research suggests that rising income inequality may be making it harder for low-income students to get ahead, particularly in accessing four-year colleges.
A late-breaking abstract at the European Lung Cancer Conference presented findings on osimertinib's effectiveness as first-line treatment for EGFR mutated non-small-cell lung cancer. The study showed a high overall response rate and prolonged progression-free survival, suggesting that osimertinib may alter the biology of the disease.
A large-scale study found that a difference of 5mm Hg in systolic blood pressure measurements between the two arms was associated with almost double the risk of death from heart-related disease over an eight-year period. This suggests that measuring blood pressure in both arms is crucial for identifying individuals at higher risk of ca...
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center are conducting a five-year randomized trial to test the MIND diet's effects on cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease incidence. The study will enroll 600 individuals aged 65+ and evaluate the diet's impact on brain structure, cognition, and health outcomes.
A new study finds that early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) significantly reduces symptoms, but does not prevent long-term suffering. The research suggests that prolonged exposure and cognitive therapy can shorten the recovery time, but may not reduce PTSD prevalence.
A rare study of attitudes to death and dying amongst the very old reveals that this group is willing to discuss their end-of-life care, but rarely does so. The research found that most older people feel ready to die and would prefer a peaceful, pain-free passing.
A study found that the prevalence of treated diabetes increased from 5.2% to 7.7% in the US, while estimated spending for insulin per patient rose from $231 to $736 between 2002 and 2013. Insulin prices skyrocketed, with average prices increasing by 197% over the same period.
New research from South Korea suggests that higher dietary calcium intake may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease in older people, but not stroke and fracture risk. In a population with low calcium intake, higher dietary calcium was significantly associated with decreased risk of CVD.
The study suggests that PSA screening should be extended and higher biopsy thresholds used to preserve benefits while controlling harm and costs, potentially making it a more cost-effective strategy.
Researchers found that physical activity among children is lower in autumn and winter compared to spring and summer. The study highlights the need for increased active opportunities during the colder months to support children's health and development.
Researchers found that 56% of elective resections for uncomplicated diverticulitis occurred after fewer than 3 episodes, suggesting a need for further investigation into appropriate care guidelines. The study included 87,461 patients and analyzed inpatient, outpatient, and antibiotic claims.
A study published in JAMA Surgery found that gastric bypass surgery significantly reduced mortality rates in patients aged older than 35 years. The lack of mortality benefit for younger patients was attributed to a higher number of externally caused deaths, mainly among women.
Two Penn professors, Dorothy Roberts and Sarah Tishkoff, co-authored a piece in Science journal arguing that the use of genetic concepts of race is problematic and harmful. They recommend using terms like ancestry and population instead.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that Parkinson's patients experience a higher risk of injurious falls and hip fractures up to 30 years before diagnosis. This suggests early signs of balance issues may be an indicator of the disease.
Research published in Diabetologia reveals that each extra hour of daily sedentary time is associated with a 22% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Participants with type 2 diabetes spent more time sedentary, highlighting the importance of reducing sedentary behavior in diabetes prevention.
A study found that both short and long sleep durations in pregnancy are associated with extreme gestational weight gain. Poor sleep has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, and the study provides a potential mechanism for this association.
A study found that individual risk-taking propensity is subject to change throughout life, especially in domains of work and recreation. Women are less prone to take risks than men across the lifespan, while openness to experience and extraversion are associated with increased risk-taking propensity.
A recent study published in The BMJ found that increased flavonoid consumption was associated with less weight gain. The largest association was seen for anthocyanins, flavonol polymers, and flavonols, with daily intake linked to a reduction of 0.16-0.23 lbs (0.07-0.10 kg) over four-year intervals.
A recent study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that consuming soy regularly may protect women undergoing infertility treatments from poor success rates linked to bisphenol A exposure. Women who did not eat soy foods had lower embryo implantation rates and fewer live births with ...
A study suggests that changing dosing instructions from teaspoons to milliliters can significantly reduce the risk of dosage errors. The researchers found that using measuring cups with milliliter markings leads to more accurate dosages, resulting in a 50% decrease in errors.
A cohort study found a bidirectional association between intimate partner violence and depression among pregnant women and new mothers in South Africa. The study suggests that combination interventions addressing both violence and mental health may be effective in interrupting the cycle.
Researchers used high-resolution imaging to identify structural defects in bones of people with type 2 diabetes, which can weaken them and increase the risk of fractures. The study found that individuals with diabetes have greater porosity in their cortical bone component, a key factor in fracture risk.
A National Institutes of Health study found that women who eat more potatoes before pregnancy may have higher rates of gestational diabetes compared to those who consume fewer potatoes. Substituting potatoes with other vegetables, legumes or whole grains may help lower gestational diabetes risk, according to the researchers.
A study found that one in ten ICU patients develops PTSD within a year of discharge, with pre-existing conditions being strong risk factors. The study also suggests that proactively organized psychological aftercare for ICU survivors is needed to address this growing issue.
A new study found that long-term ozone exposure increases the risk of ARDS in critically ill patients, with a significant association seen among trauma patients and current smokers. The study analyzed data from 1558 patients and found that higher ozone exposure was linked to increased rates of ARDS.
Researchers found that men and women who had a spine fracture and women who had a hip fracture were more than twice as likely to experience long-term widespread pain as those who had not had a fracture. Chronic widespread pain is common and leads to substantial health-related problems and disability.
Recent studies conclude that people with epilepsy have a 27-fold greater risk of sudden death than those without the disorder. Improved cause-of-death reporting and public education could prevent thousands of deaths annually.
A study found that common CF screening tests do not adequately cover genetic variants present in non-white populations, leading to late diagnoses and poorer outcomes. The researchers recommend expanding testing to include more diverse genetic analysis methods to address this disparity.
A study of Colorado local government officials found that public opinion (95.5%) and tax revenues (50%) were significant factors in their decisions to permit recreational marijuana use. Existing medical marijuana policies also played a role in shaping these decisions.
A systematic review by University of Bristol researchers found that consuming low energy sweeteners instead of sugar leads to reduced calorie intake and body weight. The study also suggests that LES beverages may be more effective than water in reducing weight, as they do not increase appetite.
A new clinical score, L-TRiP(cast), predicts the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with a leg cast. The model was validated in two independent cohorts and identified high-risk patients with an accuracy of 80.8%.
A study of over 1,900 young adults found that increases in self-weighing were associated with increased weight concern, depression, decreased body satisfaction, and lower self-esteem among females. This behavior may be a predictor of eating disorders, highlighting the need for obesity prevention programs to consider its impact.
A Canadian study found that black women are at a higher risk of preterm birth than white women, with rates mirroring those in the US. The study analyzed data from the Canadian Live Birth database and found that black women had an 8.9% preterm birth rate, compared to 5.9% for white women.
Researchers analyzed CRIC data to identify risk markers for adverse cardiac events in CKD patients. The study found that women have a higher risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD) compared to men, with a 1.5 times higher incidence prior to age 70.
A recent study found that tourists use peer-to-peer accommodation services for social and financial reasons, leading to broader destination choices and longer stays. The availability of these services also increases tourism demand and revenue for destinations.
A consensus approach to assessing neuropathic pain phenotypes has been developed by an international panel of experts, aiming to improve consistency and transparency in studies. The new criteria identify possible cases of neuropathic pain, emphasizing the need for additional assessments to confirm diagnosis.
A systematic review found that pear consumption is associated with improved gut health and a reduced risk of chronic diseases. The study's findings suggest that pears' high fiber content may play a key role in these benefits.
A large registry study of almost 50,000 patients in Sweden found that transfusion with stored blood does not influence patient outcomes after heart surgery. The study provides firm reassurance that current blood storage practices are safe.
A study of over 20,000 grown-ups found no substantial effects of birth order on central personality traits, including extraversion, emotional stability, and conscientiousness. Self-reported intellect showed a small effect, with firstborns reporting better vocabulary and less difficulty understanding abstract ideas.
A research group at Tohoku University has developed a comprehensive reference panel of genetic variants from 1,070 Japanese individuals through deep whole-genome sequencing. This analysis detected signatures of purifying selection on regulatory elements and coding regions, as well as structural variants that may contribute to complex h...
Researchers found that effective HIV therapy can lower the risk of HBV infection, and vaccination against HBV protects individuals from acquiring a new HBV infection regardless of HIV status. However, vaccination rates remain low among high-risk groups.