Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
A study found that individual risk-taking propensity is subject to change throughout life, especially in domains of work and recreation. Women are less prone to take risks than men across the lifespan, while openness to experience and extraversion are associated with increased risk-taking propensity.
A recent study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that consuming soy regularly may protect women undergoing infertility treatments from poor success rates linked to bisphenol A exposure. Women who did not eat soy foods had lower embryo implantation rates and fewer live births with ...
A recent study published in The BMJ found that increased flavonoid consumption was associated with less weight gain. The largest association was seen for anthocyanins, flavonol polymers, and flavonols, with daily intake linked to a reduction of 0.16-0.23 lbs (0.07-0.10 kg) over four-year intervals.
A study suggests that changing dosing instructions from teaspoons to milliliters can significantly reduce the risk of dosage errors. The researchers found that using measuring cups with milliliter markings leads to more accurate dosages, resulting in a 50% decrease in errors.
Researchers used high-resolution imaging to identify structural defects in bones of people with type 2 diabetes, which can weaken them and increase the risk of fractures. The study found that individuals with diabetes have greater porosity in their cortical bone component, a key factor in fracture risk.
A cohort study found a bidirectional association between intimate partner violence and depression among pregnant women and new mothers in South Africa. The study suggests that combination interventions addressing both violence and mental health may be effective in interrupting the cycle.
A National Institutes of Health study found that women who eat more potatoes before pregnancy may have higher rates of gestational diabetes compared to those who consume fewer potatoes. Substituting potatoes with other vegetables, legumes or whole grains may help lower gestational diabetes risk, according to the researchers.
A new study found that long-term ozone exposure increases the risk of ARDS in critically ill patients, with a significant association seen among trauma patients and current smokers. The study analyzed data from 1558 patients and found that higher ozone exposure was linked to increased rates of ARDS.
A study found that one in ten ICU patients develops PTSD within a year of discharge, with pre-existing conditions being strong risk factors. The study also suggests that proactively organized psychological aftercare for ICU survivors is needed to address this growing issue.
Researchers found that men and women who had a spine fracture and women who had a hip fracture were more than twice as likely to experience long-term widespread pain as those who had not had a fracture. Chronic widespread pain is common and leads to substantial health-related problems and disability.
A study found that common CF screening tests do not adequately cover genetic variants present in non-white populations, leading to late diagnoses and poorer outcomes. The researchers recommend expanding testing to include more diverse genetic analysis methods to address this disparity.
Recent studies conclude that people with epilepsy have a 27-fold greater risk of sudden death than those without the disorder. Improved cause-of-death reporting and public education could prevent thousands of deaths annually.
A study of Colorado local government officials found that public opinion (95.5%) and tax revenues (50%) were significant factors in their decisions to permit recreational marijuana use. Existing medical marijuana policies also played a role in shaping these decisions.
A new clinical score, L-TRiP(cast), predicts the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with a leg cast. The model was validated in two independent cohorts and identified high-risk patients with an accuracy of 80.8%.
A systematic review by University of Bristol researchers found that consuming low energy sweeteners instead of sugar leads to reduced calorie intake and body weight. The study also suggests that LES beverages may be more effective than water in reducing weight, as they do not increase appetite.
A study of over 1,900 young adults found that increases in self-weighing were associated with increased weight concern, depression, decreased body satisfaction, and lower self-esteem among females. This behavior may be a predictor of eating disorders, highlighting the need for obesity prevention programs to consider its impact.
A Canadian study found that black women are at a higher risk of preterm birth than white women, with rates mirroring those in the US. The study analyzed data from the Canadian Live Birth database and found that black women had an 8.9% preterm birth rate, compared to 5.9% for white women.
Researchers analyzed CRIC data to identify risk markers for adverse cardiac events in CKD patients. The study found that women have a higher risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD) compared to men, with a 1.5 times higher incidence prior to age 70.
A recent study found that tourists use peer-to-peer accommodation services for social and financial reasons, leading to broader destination choices and longer stays. The availability of these services also increases tourism demand and revenue for destinations.
A consensus approach to assessing neuropathic pain phenotypes has been developed by an international panel of experts, aiming to improve consistency and transparency in studies. The new criteria identify possible cases of neuropathic pain, emphasizing the need for additional assessments to confirm diagnosis.
A systematic review found that pear consumption is associated with improved gut health and a reduced risk of chronic diseases. The study's findings suggest that pears' high fiber content may play a key role in these benefits.
A large registry study of almost 50,000 patients in Sweden found that transfusion with stored blood does not influence patient outcomes after heart surgery. The study provides firm reassurance that current blood storage practices are safe.
A study of over 20,000 grown-ups found no substantial effects of birth order on central personality traits, including extraversion, emotional stability, and conscientiousness. Self-reported intellect showed a small effect, with firstborns reporting better vocabulary and less difficulty understanding abstract ideas.
A research group at Tohoku University has developed a comprehensive reference panel of genetic variants from 1,070 Japanese individuals through deep whole-genome sequencing. This analysis detected signatures of purifying selection on regulatory elements and coding regions, as well as structural variants that may contribute to complex h...
Researchers found that effective HIV therapy can lower the risk of HBV infection, and vaccination against HBV protects individuals from acquiring a new HBV infection regardless of HIV status. However, vaccination rates remain low among high-risk groups.
Walter R. Frontera, MD, PhD, has received the 2015 Excellence in Rehabilitation of Aging Persons Award from the Gerontological Society of America (GSA). He is recognized for his work on skeletal muscle dysfunction and exercise to slow down and rehabilitate muscle weakness and atrophy in older adults.
A recent study has found that the human visual cortex contains neurons that selectively respond to intermediate colors, not just red, green, yellow, and blue. This discovery challenges existing color encoding models and may provide clues for designing more precise multi-primary-color displays.
The study found that teleconference settings reduced discussion times but had little impact on funding decisions. Panel discussions often resulted in poorer scores compared to initial pre-meeting scores.
A new Harvard study reveals that limiting saturated fat in the diet is still effective in reducing heart disease risk, but only when replaced with unsaturated fats or whole grains. In contrast, swapping saturated fat for refined carbohydrates has no significant impact on CHD risk.
A new study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that increased risk of mortality from long periods of sitting was only associated with very occasional fidgeters. Fidgeting, even for moderately or very active women, may offer enough of a break to counteract adverse health impacts.
A large meta-analysis of four studies involving nearly 250,000 individuals found no association between moderate coffee consumption and increased risk of atrial fibrillation. The study's results suggest that people who like coffee can safely continue to consume it in moderation without the risk of developing this condition.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University will analyze data from over 5 million solar panels worldwide to identify factors contributing to degradation. By applying an epidemiological approach, they aim to develop more reliable designs and extend the lifespan of solar panels.
A cohort study found a modest association between SSRI use and violent crime among individuals aged 15-24, with increased risks of violent arrests and non-fatal injuries. In contrast, no significant associations were found for older adults, suggesting potential age-related differences in the link between SSRI use and violent behavior.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 million patients found that diabetic women are 40% more likely to suffer acute coronary syndromes than diabetic men. The study highlights the need for comprehensive risk control and early diagnosis in female patients with diabetes.
A pooled analysis of available evidence finds that eating a lot of fish may help curb the risk of depression in Europe. The association is equally significant among men and women, with a 17% reduction in depression risk found for those eating the most fish compared to those eating the least.
A new study of over 500 Black and Latino college students confirms that financial resources are a significant obstacle to success. Students who started with high levels of financial distress were more likely to experience depressive symptoms and lower GPAs.
A research group has designed the first ever SNP array optimized for the Japanese population, covering the whole-genome region from which SNPs possessed by Japanese people can be obtained with high accuracy. The Japonica Array offers improved genotype imputation accuracy, accelerating personalized healthcare and medicine research.
A recent study published in European Heart Journal found that most patients with cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) pacemaker would not benefit from the addition of a defibrillator. The CeRtiTuDe cohort study analyzed data from 1,705 consecutive patients implanted with CRT between 2008 and 2010 in France.
The VISION Study found that preoperative statin use is linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality after noncardiac surgery. Statins were shown to be associated with a 17% reduction in cardiac complications and a 43% reduction in mortality.
A recent study by the University of Warwick found a significant link between premature birth and decreased intelligence, reading, and mathematical ability in adulthood. The research also highlighted an impact on earnings into adulthood, with preterm-born individuals more likely to be manual workers or have lower family incomes.
A recent study has found that preterm birth is associated with lower academic abilities in childhood and lower educational attainment in adulthood, leading to less wealth. The research also showed that the effects of prematurity on math abilities can last into the fifth decade of life.
A new study suggests that women and men in the military have similar rates of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after combat. The study found that 6.7% of women and 6.1% of men developed PTSD, with no significant differences in severity.
Researchers at University of Michigan Health System tested strategically placed sound acoustic panels in hallways around patient rooms, reducing noise by 3-4 decibels. The study found a significant impact on patient satisfaction and hospital scores, highlighting the importance of minimizing noise levels in healthcare environments.
A new serum miRNA panel has been identified as a potential biomarker for diagnosing non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in ethnically diverse patients. The panel, consisting of five serum microRNAs, was found to have high sensitivity and specificity for detecting NSCLC in both Chinese and American cohorts.
Regular exercise in adolescence is associated with a reduced risk of cancer and all-cause mortality in women. Participation in team sports during the teen years also shows a protective effect against cancer death later in life. The study suggests that promoting exercise participation in adolescence could have important public health im...
A comprehensive study by the American Cancer Society found no association between repeated cycles of intentional weight loss and cancer incidence in men or women. The research suggests that people should be encouraged to try to lose weight despite potential regain, as it may have benefits beyond just weight management.
A systematic evidence review suggests that cognitive decline following invasive heart procedures is unlikely in older adults, with little to no difference found between treatment groups. However, individual study quality was low and more research is needed to confirm these findings.
A study published in Menopause found that postmenopausal women with comorbid depression or urinary incontinence experience greater negative impacts from vaginal symptoms, affecting daily living, emotional well-being, self-concept, and body image. Regular sexual activity may protect against these effects.
A study published in Molecular Psychiatry identified a genetic mutation linked to healthy information processing, shedding light on cognitive aging and age-related diseases. The CADM2 gene was found to be strongly associated with performance on tests of information processing speed.
The Group Health-University of Washington Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study has been awarded nearly $13 million to continue tracking the aging process, particularly in the brain. The study aims to identify risk factors for conditions like dementia and promote healthy aging through data-driven insights.
The Lymphoma Epidemiology of Outcomes Cohort Study will enroll 12,000 NHL patients and follow them for long-term prognosis and survivorship. The grant aims to improve the length and quality of life for NHL survivors.
Researchers at UCSF found that frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are associated with heart failure incidents and increased mortality. PVCs can be prevented through medical or ablation therapy, suggesting they may be a modifiable risk factor for congestive heart failure and death.
A recent study found that approximately 1 in 6 aging individuals would be reclassified as having 'at goal' blood pressure under the new guidelines, despite frequent use of antihypertensive medications. The study suggests that less stringent blood pressure goals may increase the risk for heart attacks and strokes among older adults.
A study of children with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts and their relatives found that affected families do not have a significantly higher genetic risk for dental anomalies. Instead, the prevalence of dental anomalies is primarily due to physical consequences of the cleft and surgical interventions.
Research from the University of Copenhagen found that maintaining a good night's sleep helps maintain a healthy lifestyle. Smokers who slept normally were more likely to quit than those with disturbed sleep patterns. Improved sleep also reduced high-risk alcohol consumption and physical inactivity.
The NIH panel recommends increased research funding and education for healthcare providers to address the diagnostic challenges and limited knowledge surrounding ME/CFS. Recent insights into possible causes, such as brain changes and immune imbalance, offer hope for eventual understanding and effective treatments.
A study published in JAMA Internal Medicine estimates that cigarette smoking is responsible for nearly half of deaths from 12 smoking-related cancers among adults aged 35 and older. Lung cancer accounts for a significant proportion of these deaths, with approximately 80% of cases attributed to smoking.
A study found that physical activity declines over time in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), worsening lung function and health status. Sustained physical inactivity is associated with progression of exercise intolerance and muscle depletion.
Research found that consuming at least 10g of nuts or peanuts daily lowers mortality rates for various causes, including respiratory disease and neurodegenerative disorders. The effects are seen in both men and women, with equal reductions.
A new study found that severe restless legs syndrome (RLS) is associated with a higher risk of stroke. The research, published in SLEEP, suggests that RLS severity may be considered an early risk factor for stroke, warranting modifications in clinical management.