Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
Walter R. Frontera, MD, PhD, has received the 2015 Excellence in Rehabilitation of Aging Persons Award from the Gerontological Society of America (GSA). He is recognized for his work on skeletal muscle dysfunction and exercise to slow down and rehabilitate muscle weakness and atrophy in older adults.
A recent study has found that the human visual cortex contains neurons that selectively respond to intermediate colors, not just red, green, yellow, and blue. This discovery challenges existing color encoding models and may provide clues for designing more precise multi-primary-color displays.
The study found that teleconference settings reduced discussion times but had little impact on funding decisions. Panel discussions often resulted in poorer scores compared to initial pre-meeting scores.
A new Harvard study reveals that limiting saturated fat in the diet is still effective in reducing heart disease risk, but only when replaced with unsaturated fats or whole grains. In contrast, swapping saturated fat for refined carbohydrates has no significant impact on CHD risk.
A new study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that increased risk of mortality from long periods of sitting was only associated with very occasional fidgeters. Fidgeting, even for moderately or very active women, may offer enough of a break to counteract adverse health impacts.
A large meta-analysis of four studies involving nearly 250,000 individuals found no association between moderate coffee consumption and increased risk of atrial fibrillation. The study's results suggest that people who like coffee can safely continue to consume it in moderation without the risk of developing this condition.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University will analyze data from over 5 million solar panels worldwide to identify factors contributing to degradation. By applying an epidemiological approach, they aim to develop more reliable designs and extend the lifespan of solar panels.
A cohort study found a modest association between SSRI use and violent crime among individuals aged 15-24, with increased risks of violent arrests and non-fatal injuries. In contrast, no significant associations were found for older adults, suggesting potential age-related differences in the link between SSRI use and violent behavior.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 million patients found that diabetic women are 40% more likely to suffer acute coronary syndromes than diabetic men. The study highlights the need for comprehensive risk control and early diagnosis in female patients with diabetes.
A new study of over 500 Black and Latino college students confirms that financial resources are a significant obstacle to success. Students who started with high levels of financial distress were more likely to experience depressive symptoms and lower GPAs.
A pooled analysis of available evidence finds that eating a lot of fish may help curb the risk of depression in Europe. The association is equally significant among men and women, with a 17% reduction in depression risk found for those eating the most fish compared to those eating the least.
The VISION Study found that preoperative statin use is linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality after noncardiac surgery. Statins were shown to be associated with a 17% reduction in cardiac complications and a 43% reduction in mortality.
A recent study by the University of Warwick found a significant link between premature birth and decreased intelligence, reading, and mathematical ability in adulthood. The research also highlighted an impact on earnings into adulthood, with preterm-born individuals more likely to be manual workers or have lower family incomes.
A recent study has found that preterm birth is associated with lower academic abilities in childhood and lower educational attainment in adulthood, leading to less wealth. The research also showed that the effects of prematurity on math abilities can last into the fifth decade of life.
A research group has designed the first ever SNP array optimized for the Japanese population, covering the whole-genome region from which SNPs possessed by Japanese people can be obtained with high accuracy. The Japonica Array offers improved genotype imputation accuracy, accelerating personalized healthcare and medicine research.
A recent study published in European Heart Journal found that most patients with cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) pacemaker would not benefit from the addition of a defibrillator. The CeRtiTuDe cohort study analyzed data from 1,705 consecutive patients implanted with CRT between 2008 and 2010 in France.
A new study suggests that women and men in the military have similar rates of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after combat. The study found that 6.7% of women and 6.1% of men developed PTSD, with no significant differences in severity.
Researchers at University of Michigan Health System tested strategically placed sound acoustic panels in hallways around patient rooms, reducing noise by 3-4 decibels. The study found a significant impact on patient satisfaction and hospital scores, highlighting the importance of minimizing noise levels in healthcare environments.
A new serum miRNA panel has been identified as a potential biomarker for diagnosing non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in ethnically diverse patients. The panel, consisting of five serum microRNAs, was found to have high sensitivity and specificity for detecting NSCLC in both Chinese and American cohorts.
Regular exercise in adolescence is associated with a reduced risk of cancer and all-cause mortality in women. Participation in team sports during the teen years also shows a protective effect against cancer death later in life. The study suggests that promoting exercise participation in adolescence could have important public health im...
A comprehensive study by the American Cancer Society found no association between repeated cycles of intentional weight loss and cancer incidence in men or women. The research suggests that people should be encouraged to try to lose weight despite potential regain, as it may have benefits beyond just weight management.
A systematic evidence review suggests that cognitive decline following invasive heart procedures is unlikely in older adults, with little to no difference found between treatment groups. However, individual study quality was low and more research is needed to confirm these findings.
A study published in Menopause found that postmenopausal women with comorbid depression or urinary incontinence experience greater negative impacts from vaginal symptoms, affecting daily living, emotional well-being, self-concept, and body image. Regular sexual activity may protect against these effects.
A study published in Molecular Psychiatry identified a genetic mutation linked to healthy information processing, shedding light on cognitive aging and age-related diseases. The CADM2 gene was found to be strongly associated with performance on tests of information processing speed.
The Group Health-University of Washington Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study has been awarded nearly $13 million to continue tracking the aging process, particularly in the brain. The study aims to identify risk factors for conditions like dementia and promote healthy aging through data-driven insights.
The Lymphoma Epidemiology of Outcomes Cohort Study will enroll 12,000 NHL patients and follow them for long-term prognosis and survivorship. The grant aims to improve the length and quality of life for NHL survivors.
A recent study found that approximately 1 in 6 aging individuals would be reclassified as having 'at goal' blood pressure under the new guidelines, despite frequent use of antihypertensive medications. The study suggests that less stringent blood pressure goals may increase the risk for heart attacks and strokes among older adults.
Researchers at UCSF found that frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are associated with heart failure incidents and increased mortality. PVCs can be prevented through medical or ablation therapy, suggesting they may be a modifiable risk factor for congestive heart failure and death.
Research from the University of Copenhagen found that maintaining a good night's sleep helps maintain a healthy lifestyle. Smokers who slept normally were more likely to quit than those with disturbed sleep patterns. Improved sleep also reduced high-risk alcohol consumption and physical inactivity.
The NIH panel recommends increased research funding and education for healthcare providers to address the diagnostic challenges and limited knowledge surrounding ME/CFS. Recent insights into possible causes, such as brain changes and immune imbalance, offer hope for eventual understanding and effective treatments.
A study of children with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts and their relatives found that affected families do not have a significantly higher genetic risk for dental anomalies. Instead, the prevalence of dental anomalies is primarily due to physical consequences of the cleft and surgical interventions.
A study published in JAMA Internal Medicine estimates that cigarette smoking is responsible for nearly half of deaths from 12 smoking-related cancers among adults aged 35 and older. Lung cancer accounts for a significant proportion of these deaths, with approximately 80% of cases attributed to smoking.
A study found that physical activity declines over time in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), worsening lung function and health status. Sustained physical inactivity is associated with progression of exercise intolerance and muscle depletion.
Research found that consuming at least 10g of nuts or peanuts daily lowers mortality rates for various causes, including respiratory disease and neurodegenerative disorders. The effects are seen in both men and women, with equal reductions.
A new study found that severe restless legs syndrome (RLS) is associated with a higher risk of stroke. The research, published in SLEEP, suggests that RLS severity may be considered an early risk factor for stroke, warranting modifications in clinical management.
Researchers analyzed updated temperature data and found no decrease in warming rate between 20th and 21st centuries. The study suggests the 'hiatus' was an illusion created by earlier data biases.
A new smartphone-based system called Peek has been shown to be as accurate as traditional charts in testing visual acuity. The app, designed by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, uses a unique piece of hardware and software to test eyesight easily and affordably in community settings.
Researchers from NYU Langone present 30 abstracts on various cancer types, including immunotherapy studies for melanoma and pediatric leukemia. Key findings highlight the potential for personalized medicine and improved outcomes in cancer patients.
A large European cohort study found that higher fibre intake was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Cereal fibre had the strongest inverse association, suggesting it may help maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
Research finds that socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity are key drivers of HIV seroconversion among young men who have sex with men. Younger age at sexual debut is also associated with a greater likelihood of HIV seroconversion.
Researchers found that quitting smoking is associated with a temporary deterioration in blood glucose control, which can last up to three years. The study suggests that smokers with type 2 diabetes should expect to take extra care to keep their blood glucose levels well-controlled after quitting smoking.
A new study found that living liver donors experienced lower sexual function at evaluation phase and three months after surgery. Donor education prior to surgery may help ease concerns and improve recovery.
A new study found that patient portals exacerbate existing health disparities, with less educated and minority patients being less likely to use electronic medical records. Patients with low health literacy skills were 3.5 times more likely to be registered than those without these skills.
A new study presented at The International Liver Congress 2015 showed high rates of sustained virologic response and good tolerance when using sofosbuvir and daclatasvir-based regimens in patients with recurrent hepatitis C. These results support the use of interferon-free regimens in managing liver transplant patients infected with HCV.
A large cohort study found that long-term use of entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir (TDF) results in excellent 5-year survival for Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), with a significant proportion of deaths coming from liver-unrelated causes. The development of hepatocellular carcinoma plays a major role in mortality.
A study found a strong correlation between breast arterial calcification and coronary artery calcification, suggesting that mammography could help identify women at risk of heart disease. The presence of BAC was linked to an increased CAC score, highlighting its potential as a preventive measure.
A new study suggests global warming is not as fast as predicted, with natural variability accounting for recent temperature changes. This 'middle-of-the-road' scenario could result in 11-year hiatuses in warming, making it more plausible than the most severe IPCC projections.
A Spanish study involving over 4,400 adults found no link between regular yogurt consumption and improved physical and mental parameters. The study suggests that more specific instruments are needed to determine potential benefits of yogurt on health.
A new Finnish study found that low birth weight at birth is associated with a higher risk of disability pension due to mental disorders. This can lead to an early exit from the workforce, resulting in a substantial loss to the economy.
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that BGI's NIFTY test outperformed other noninvasive prenatal screening tests. The test correctly detected 81% of cases with nonmosaic karyotypes, while incorrectly identifying 17% of trisomy 21 and XXX/XXY abnormalities as positive.
A study found that individuals on insulin experienced significantly higher levels of inflammation compared to those living in lower traffic areas. People taking oral diabetes medications did not show the same increase in inflammation, suggesting a potential protective effect.
A new study finds that photovoltaic panels outperform green roofs and white roofs in cold Canadian climate. Green roofs are the only option to reduce both heating and cooling energy use, while photovoltaic panels demonstrate high environmental performance across all impact categories.
A new study found that night owls are more likely to develop diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and sarcopenia than early risers. Night owls tend to have poorer sleep quality and engage in unhealthy behaviors like smoking and late-night eating.
A new University of Copenhagen study found that exercise reduces premature mortality risk more than air pollution, even in polluted urban areas. The research suggests exercising in green spaces with low air pollution is still beneficial.
The presentation highlights how women are being portrayed as equals to men in superhero fiction, with characters like Juliette and Agent May exhibiting intelligence, strength, and practicality. This trend is long overdue, recognizing a loyal female comic book fan base that seeks to see women treated as heroes too.
A new risk score called Globorisk predicts 10-year heart disease and stroke risk for individuals aged 40+, using data from eight cohort studies with over 50,000 participants. The score can be updated to fit local conditions and risk factor levels in different countries.
A new study finds that recently infected individuals with HIV are not as likely to infect others as previously estimated, suggesting a potential impact on Treatment as Prevention programs. The researchers used two approaches to estimate acute phase infectivity and found estimates to be significantly lower than previous studies.
A study found that pathologists' diagnoses for breast biopsies have a high rate of disagreement, especially for cases of atypical hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ. The researchers suggest that obtaining a second opinion for these cases could help reduce unnecessary treatment.
A large cohort study found no association between dietary dioxin exposure and breast cancer risk in post-menopausal women, contradicting previous studies on environmental contact with dioxins. Higher dioxin intake was linked to a decreased risk of hormone-independent breast cancer.
A Norwegian Institute of Public Health study finds that maternal levels of DDE associated with rapid infant growth, while PCB153 in milk linked to decreased growth. The study highlights the need to reduce environmental pollutants to protect children's development.