Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Frequent consumption of fried foods has been linked to a higher risk of overweight and obesity. Women who consumed total fried foods 7 times or more per week had an 88% increased risk of GDM compared to those who consumed less than once per week.
Researchers found that a combination of specialist behavioral support and medication significantly increases the odds of smoking cessation success, with a 23% quit rate among study participants. The approach outperformed unaided quitting and nicotine replacement therapy alone.
A new BU study found that prenatal exposure to tetrachloroethylene in drinking water may increase the risk of stillbirth and placental abruption. The study, which compared over 2,000 pregnancies, found a significant association between PCE exposure and an elevated risk of these pregnancy complications.
A study found that endoscopists recommended shorter follow-up intervals than guidelines support, resulting in frequent colonoscopy overuse. This leads to potential excess healthcare spending of $1 million or more per year.
A new study published in Rheumatology found that NSAID users have a higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism, which includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The study's lead author notes that physicians should be cautious when prescribing NSAIDs to patients already at high risk of VTE.
Researchers found that tolerance to HIV varies substantially between individuals, influenced by inherited genes, and is distinct from resistance. The study also discovered a gene linked to both resistance and tolerance, suggesting a unique mechanism for coping with the virus.
A new study reveals that individuals with high intake of high-fat dairy products have a 23% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those with low consumption. High fat from dairy may explain the protective association between dairy intake and T2D.
Consumption of two or more servings of fish per week was associated with a 20% lower risk of hearing loss in women. Higher intake of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) also showed an inverse association with the risk.
A new study published in the American Journal of Hypertension suggests that sodium intake has a minimal impact on blood pressure. Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables was shown to significantly lower blood pressure, while increased physical activity showed no noticeable effect.
A retrospective cohort study found that SSRIs were associated with an increased risk of osseointegrated implant failure. The study revealed a significant association between SSRI use and higher failure rates, with small implant diameters, bone augmentation, and smoking habits also linked to increased failure risk.
A new study found that written care plans and care planning in UK GPs are used rarely, leading to limited benefits for patients with long-term conditions. Despite the potential for improved management, the study showed no significant relationship between care plans, care planning, and patient outcomes.
A new model predicts which type 1 diabetes patients will develop major complications, such as coronary heart disease and blindness. The model uses easily measurable risk factors, allowing healthcare professionals to identify high-risk patients and implement preventative strategies.
A new study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings found that heart attack survivors who exercise excessively are at a higher risk of cardiovascular deaths. Researchers recommend exercising within a moderate range to reap long-term health benefits, with daily doses not exceeding 60 minutes and 5 hours of vigorous exercise per week.
A new method to identify narcissistic people has been developed, using a single-item scale that can help researchers in crunch time. The Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS) was validated in 11 experiments involving over 2,200 people and found to be reliable in identifying narcissistic individuals.
A new study confirms that achalasia is an autoimmune disease, with a specific genetic variant linked to the condition. The researchers identified 33 genetic variants associated with achalasia, all located in the MHC region of chromosome 6.
Researchers at Rice University and Cornell University found that African-Americans are 45% more likely than whites to switch from owning their homes to renting them. The study's findings point to a historical shift in racial stratification in American housing markets.
A new study found that dietary elimination therapy is an effective treatment for adults with eosinophilic esophagitis, with 71 percent of patients experiencing symptom improvement. The most common triggers were dairy and eggs, and adding them back to the diet after a six-week period showed promising results.
A new study confirms that increasing outdoor time after school boosts moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in youth. Youth who spent most of their time outdoors had three times more chances to meet daily MVPA guidelines and higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels.
A research review identified four clinical indicators most strongly associated with concussion, including disorientation, impaired balance, and verbal learning difficulties. The analysis provides an evidence-based foundation for developing guidelines for concussion diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Researchers at Duke-NUS found that short sleep is linked to faster brain ventricle enlargement and decline in cognitive performance. The study of 66 older Chinese adults suggests that seven hours of sleep per day may be optimal for brain health.
A nested case-control study found an association between older maternal age at birth of the last child and exceptional longevity. Women who had their last child beyond age 33 years had twice the odds for survival, with an increased risk tempered by having multiple children.
A systematic review of 8215 studies found that low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening does not significantly influence overall quality of life or result in long-term anxiety or distress. However, positive results can lead to short-term increases in distress levels.
Despite popular beliefs, a recent Max Planck Institute study of 1,265 volunteers found no correlation between human sleep and lunar phases. The researchers discovered conflicting results may be due to publication bias, which can lead to omitted negative findings.
Two studies published in PLOS Medicine found a link between moles and increased breast cancer risk. Women with more moles were more likely to develop breast cancer, particularly postmenopausal women. The findings suggest that nevi may be affected by hormone levels, which could be used as a marker for breast cancer risk.
Researchers found that even modest delays in TAVR can significantly impact its effectiveness in severely ill patients. Modest increases in wait times reduced the treatment's benefits, while prolonged waits made it less effective than surgery for high-risk surgical candidates.
Researchers have developed a protocol for collecting saliva and stool samples for genomic and transcriptomic analyses, eliminating the need for specialized personnel and facilities. This method provides critical insight into the genetic makeup of the microbiome and its association with diseases such as celiac disease, oral cancer, and ...
A new study by researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital found that taking calcium supplements did not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in women. The study, published in Osteoporosis International, examined 74,245 women over 24 years and found no association between calcium supplement intake and heart attack or stroke.
A recent study published in PLOS Medicine found that only about half of strokes are attributable to known risk factors. The researchers analyzed data from over 6,800 individuals and estimated that hypertension and smoking were the most significant contributing factors.
A recent study discovered that both genetic factors and prenatal environments play a crucial role in shaping a baby's development. The research, led by A*STAR's Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, found that genetic differences alone account for only 25% of epigenetic variation, while environmental factors contribute up to 75%.
A new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that obstructive sleep apnea raises the risk of osteoporosis, especially among women and older individuals. The study used data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance program to track 1,377 people with obstructive sleep apnea and comp...
A prospective cohort study found that higher total folate intake was associated with a lower risk for exfoliation glaucoma (EG)/suspected exfoliation glaucoma (SEG). The results showed a trend of reduced EG/SEG risk with higher folate intake, particularly from supplements. This supports a possible causal role of homocysteine in EG/SEG.
Researchers found high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and remnant lipoprotein (RLP) cholesterol levels are linked to CHD risk. HDL3 subfractions, not traditional HDL cholesterol, were more predictive in assessing and reducing CHD risk.
A Henry Ford Health study of 168 MLB pitchers before and after Tommy John surgery found diminishing returns in pitching categories such as ERA, WHIP, and IP. Researchers also identified risk factors associated with the injury and debunked the perception that UCL reconstruction improves performance.
Researchers have discovered a blood test that can predict cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease within three years with greater than 90 percent accuracy. The test identifies 10 lipids in the blood, which appear to reveal the breakdown of neural cell membranes in participants who develop symptoms.
A new meta-analysis by IOF-IFCC found moderate but significant associations between bone turnover markers s-CTX and s-PINP, and risk of future fractures. The study confirms the clinical performance of these markers for fracture risk prediction in untreated individuals.
A new study by Mayo Clinic reveals that African-American individuals develop twice the antibody response to the rubella vaccine compared to Caucasians. This finding may enable the creation of vaccines tailored to specific ethnic groups or individuals, offering a more effective approach to immunization.
A population-based cohort study found that older adults with highly active thyroid glands are at a substantially increased risk of developing depression. The study analyzed data from 1,503 participants and found that those with higher TSH levels were more likely to experience depression symptoms over an eight-year period.
Research found that boys are at greater risk for delayed language development than girls, with family reading and writing difficulties increasing the risk. The study also highlights the importance of early identification and enabling language environments to support children with delayed language development.
Researchers found that imagining the smell of a food product without actual scent triggers a stronger desire to consume. The study, published in Journal of Consumer Research, suggests that visual cues can enhance consumer experience and increase sales.
A US study found that many adults consume more added sugar than recommended for a healthy diet, and this can increase the risk of death from cardiovascular disease. The study also suggests that regular consumption of sugary drinks is associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality.
A study of over 100,000 people found that long-term exposure to particulate matter in outdoor air is strongly linked to heart attacks and angina. The association persists at levels of exposure below the current European limits for PM2.5 and PM10.
A study by University of Miami researchers found that mindfulness training significantly reduces mind wandering in college students, improving attention and reducing stress. The seven-week program was highly effective in increasing focus and decreasing mind-wandering, with significant benefits for undergraduate students.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that long-term exposure to fine particles poses the greatest threat to health even within concentration ranges well below EU limits. Annual exposure to PM2•5 increases the risk of dying from natural causes by 7%.
A large study identifies genetic variants that contribute to the progression of chronic kidney disease in African Americans. APOL1 risk variants were found to be associated with higher rates of end-stage renal disease and progression of chronic kidney disease among black patients compared to white patients, regardless of diabetes status.
A study published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry found a link between childhood ADHD and socioeconomic status in the UK. The research analyzed data from over 19,500 children born between 2000 and 2002, revealing that more children with ADHD came from families below the poverty line.
Cardiac antibody-mediated rejection is a major limitation to survival of patients who have undergone heart transplantation. A new working formulation has been developed to guide the diagnosis, grading, and reporting of AMR, which includes histopathologic features and immunopathologic criteria.
Genetic variants in the APOL1 gene increase the risk of kidney disease progression and end-stage renal disease in African Americans. Approximately 1 in 10 blacks possess high-risk variants, which speed up kidney disease progression and substantially increase the risk of developing kidney failure.
A new study from the University of Iowa found that affluent girls in two-parent homes are less likely to be sexually assaulted. The research revealed a decline in risk once family income reaches 400% of the poverty threshold, with girls aged 4-17 experiencing a significant reduction in assault risk.
Researchers found small differences between self-reported and measured weights following bariatric surgery, but self-reported weights were closer to actual weights than reported personal weights. Women underreported their weight by an average of 2.2 lbs., while men also showed similar underreporting.
A new study conducted by Portuguese urologists found enterocystoplasty to be a safe and effective surgical option for children with developmental abnormalities of the genitourinary system. The procedure showed low rates of severe complications, including successful bladder function improvement in 24 patients.
A new study suggests that prenatal exposure to paracetamol may increase the risk of adverse effects on child development, including poorer gross motor skills and behavioral problems. The study found that occasional use for short periods is likely not harmful to the fetus, but more research is needed to confirm these results.
Researchers will investigate links between substance abuse and HIV among Latino and African-American men who have sex with men. The MASCULINE study aims to determine how substance use affects HIV transmission and treatment outcomes.
A study published in Journal of Neurotrauma found that genetic differences can affect an individual's recovery from traumatic brain injury. Genetic variations in cytokine genes impact the magnitude and duration of neuroinflammation, affecting long-term repair processes.
A systematic review of 81 diagnostic studies found that expert panels were often not properly blinded or described, leading to potential biases and poor reproducibility. The study highlights the need for improved reporting of expert panel diagnoses to ensure accurate and reliable results in diagnostic research.
A large cohort of Swedish residents found no association between long-term fluoride exposure and the risk of hip fractures. The study included nearly half a million individuals exposed to varying levels of fluoride in their drinking water.
A new study finds that replacing coal-fired power plants with wind turbines is the most cost-effective way to cut carbon pollution and reduce health impacts. The switch can also lead to lower electricity generation costs, making clean energy a more economically viable option for powering America's electricity needs.
Despite Kaesong industrial zone reopening, North Korean scholar Dr. Sang-Yi O-Rauch expects no improvement in human rights due to the regime's control and terror system. The country's brutal oppression of its people is rooted in Kim Jong-un's power struggle, with an estimated 200,000 people detained in camps.
A study found that using electronic health records (EHRs) with computerized and automated growth monitoring led to a higher detection rate of growth disorders in children. The system referred abnormal data for review, resulting in 28 new diagnoses compared to 4 in the control period.
People with severe asthma are less likely to respond to corticosteroid treatment, even when taking high doses. Researchers found that 55% of adults with severe asthma showed greater airway obstruction despite regular oral corticosteroids. The study aims to develop personalized medicine for individual patients with asthma.
A study reveals that China's dominance in solar panel manufacturing is driven by larger-scale production and supply-chain benefits, not just cheaper labor. Future innovations in crystalline solar cell technology may help equalize prices by enhancing access to materials and expanding manufacturing scale across regions.