Evidence against a global warming hiatus?
Researchers analyzed updated temperature data and found no decrease in warming rate between 20th and 21st centuries. The study suggests the 'hiatus' was an illusion created by earlier data biases.
Cohort Studies
Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
Peek eye testing app shown to work as well as charts for visual acuity
A new smartphone-based system called Peek has been shown to be as accurate as traditional charts in testing visual acuity. The app, designed by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, uses a unique piece of hardware and software to test eyesight easily and affordably in community settings.
Melanoma, pediatric cancer and lymphoma dominate research from NYU Langone at ASCO 2015
Researchers from NYU Langone present 30 abstracts on various cancer types, including immunotherapy studies for melanoma and pediatric leukemia. Key findings highlight the potential for personalized medicine and improved outcomes in cancer patients.
Study adds to evidence that increasing dietary fiber reduces the risk of developing diabetes
A large European cohort study found that higher fibre intake was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Cereal fibre had the strongest inverse association, suggesting it may help maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
Health and social inequities drives HIV in young men who have sex with other men
Research finds that socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity are key drivers of HIV seroconversion among young men who have sex with men. Younger age at sexual debut is also associated with a greater likelihood of HIV seroconversion.
Study links quitting smoking with deterioration in diabetes control
Researchers found that quitting smoking is associated with a temporary deterioration in blood glucose control, which can last up to three years. The study suggests that smokers with type 2 diabetes should expect to take extra care to keep their blood glucose levels well-controlled after quitting smoking.
Living liver donors report lower sexual function in early months post-surgery
A new study found that living liver donors experienced lower sexual function at evaluation phase and three months after surgery. Donor education prior to surgery may help ease concerns and improve recovery.
Patient portals could widen health disparities
A new study found that patient portals exacerbate existing health disparities, with less educated and minority patients being less likely to use electronic medical records. Patients with low health literacy skills were 3.5 times more likely to be registered than those without these skills.
Use of direct-antiviral agents helps overcome hepatitis C recurrence in liver transplant patients
A new study presented at The International Liver Congress 2015 showed high rates of sustained virologic response and good tolerance when using sofosbuvir and daclatasvir-based regimens in patients with recurrent hepatitis C. These results support the use of interferon-free regimens in managing liver transplant patients infected with HCV.
Long-term therapy with ETV or TDF demonstrates positive 5-year survival in patients with chronic HBV
A large cohort study found that long-term use of entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir (TDF) results in excellent 5-year survival for Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), with a significant proportion of deaths coming from liver-unrelated causes. The development of hepatocellular carcinoma plays a major role in mortality.
Breast arterial calcification strong predictor of coronary artery calcification
A study found a strong correlation between breast arterial calcification and coronary artery calcification, suggesting that mammography could help identify women at risk of heart disease. The presence of BAC was linked to an increased CAC score, highlighting its potential as a preventive measure.
Global warming progressing at moderate rate, empirical data suggest
A new study suggests global warming is not as fast as predicted, with natural variability accounting for recent temperature changes. This 'middle-of-the-road' scenario could result in 11-year hiatuses in warming, making it more plausible than the most severe IPCC projections.
Regular consumption of yogurt does not improve health
A Spanish study involving over 4,400 adults found no link between regular yogurt consumption and improved physical and mental parameters. The study suggests that more specific instruments are needed to determine potential benefits of yogurt on health.
Is the length of work careers determined in utero?
A new Finnish study found that low birth weight at birth is associated with a higher risk of disability pension due to mental disorders. This can lead to an early exit from the workforce, resulting in a substantial loss to the economy.
Latest study finds BGI's NIFTY® test performs best in noninvasive prenatal screening
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that BGI's NIFTY test outperformed other noninvasive prenatal screening tests. The test correctly detected 81% of cases with nonmosaic karyotypes, while incorrectly identifying 17% of trisomy 21 and XXX/XXY abnormalities as positive.
Increase in inflammation linked to high traffic pollution for people on insulin
A study found that individuals on insulin experienced significantly higher levels of inflammation compared to those living in lower traffic areas. People taking oral diabetes medications did not show the same increase in inflammation, suggesting a potential protective effect.
Which type of sustainable rooftop technology is best in cold climates?
A new study finds that photovoltaic panels outperform green roofs and white roofs in cold Canadian climate. Green roofs are the only option to reduce both heating and cooling energy use, while photovoltaic panels demonstrate high environmental performance across all impact categories.
Night owls face greater risk of developing diabetes than early risers
A new study found that night owls are more likely to develop diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and sarcopenia than early risers. Night owls tend to have poorer sleep quality and engage in unhealthy behaviors like smoking and late-night eating.
Exercise can outweigh harmful effects of air pollution
A new University of Copenhagen study found that exercise reduces premature mortality risk more than air pollution, even in polluted urban areas. The research suggests exercising in green spaces with low air pollution is still beneficial.
Girl POWer! How strong female superheroes are gaining ground on the guys
The presentation highlights how women are being portrayed as equals to men in superhero fiction, with characters like Juliette and Agent May exhibiting intelligence, strength, and practicality. This trend is long overdue, recognizing a loyal female comic book fan base that seeks to see women treated as heroes too.
The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology: New score predicts heart disease and stroke risk for anyone in world aged over 40
A new risk score called Globorisk predicts 10-year heart disease and stroke risk for individuals aged 40+, using data from eight cohort studies with over 50,000 participants. The score can be updated to fit local conditions and risk factor levels in different countries.
New model finds HIV acute phase infectivity may be lower than previously estimated
A new study finds that recently infected individuals with HIV are not as likely to infect others as previously estimated, suggesting a potential impact on Treatment as Prevention programs. The researchers used two approaches to estimate acute phase infectivity and found estimates to be significantly lower than previous studies.
Study examines diagnostic accuracy of pathologists interpreting breast biopsies
A study found that pathologists' diagnoses for breast biopsies have a high rate of disagreement, especially for cases of atypical hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ. The researchers suggest that obtaining a second opinion for these cases could help reduce unnecessary treatment.
Dietary dioxins not associated with increased breast cancer risk
A large cohort study found no association between dietary dioxin exposure and breast cancer risk in post-menopausal women, contradicting previous studies on environmental contact with dioxins. Higher dioxin intake was linked to a decreased risk of hormone-independent breast cancer.
Study investigates conflict of interest in biomedical research proposals
A study by AIBS found that 35% of conflicts were self-reported by review panel members, while 65% were identified by panel managers. The researchers suggest improving COI reporting and detection methods to maintain high ethical standards.
Infant growth affected by exposure to environmental pollutants
A Norwegian Institute of Public Health study finds that maternal levels of DDE associated with rapid infant growth, while PCB153 in milk linked to decreased growth. The study highlights the need to reduce environmental pollutants to protect children's development.
L.A. story: Cleaner air, healthier kids
A 20-year study found that improved air quality in Southern California led to significant gains in lung function development among millennial children. Lung growth accelerated as air pollution declined, resulting in lower rates of abnormally low lung function and reduced risks of respiratory disease.
Vanderbilt-led study finds peanut consumption decreases mortality
A Vanderbilt University-led study has discovered that peanut consumption is associated with reduced total mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality across all racial and ethnic groups. The study, based on three large cohort studies, found a significant link between increased peanut intake and lower mortality rates.
The Lancet: People with ADHD are twice as likely to die prematurely, often due to accidents
A large nationwide cohort study found that people with ADHD have a lower life expectancy and are more than twice as likely to die prematurely as those without the disorder. Accidents were the most common cause of death in individuals with ADHD, and women had a higher relative risk of premature death compared to men.
Sunlight and vitamin D levels higher for coastal populations
A new study published in Environment International found that people living near the coast in England have higher vitamin D levels than those inland. The research linked sunlight data to vitamin D levels, revealing a strong correlation between coastal living and improved vitamin D levels.
Sequential screening provides better test performance than cell free DNA
A study found that cell free DNA analysis is less effective than sequential screening for detecting all fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Sequential screening detected an 81.6% success rate and a 4.11% false positive rate, while cell free DNA detection had a lower 68% success rate at a one percent screen positive rate.
Survival of very premature infants is improving in France
The EPIPAGE 2 study found a significant improvement in the survival of premature infants in France, with survival rates increasing by 14% for infants born between 25-29 weeks. However, results for extremely premature infants show little progress, highlighting the need for better care and monitoring.
New study reports worsening health conditions increase risk of mortgage default and disclosure
A new study reveals that worsening health conditions can serve as a predictor to mortgage distress, increasing the risk of default and foreclosure. The study found that middle-aged adults with worsening chronic conditions face nearly twice the risk of mortgage default compared to those without worsening conditions.
Asthma associated with increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea
Participants with asthma had a higher risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea compared to those without asthma. Asthma duration was also found to be related to the development of new OSA and habitual sleepiness.
Analysis finds federal government under-funds chronic disease prevention research
A comprehensive analysis found that the NIH spends only 7-9% of its budget on behavioral interventions to prevent NCDs, despite 70% of US deaths being due to these diseases. Increasing funding for prevention research could save lives and reduce healthcare costs.
Hot flashes linked to increased risk of hip fracture
A large cohort study found that women experiencing moderate to severe hot flashes and night sweats have lower bone mineral density and higher rates of hip fracture. Women with these symptoms are more likely to have issues with bone health than their peers, highlighting the need for healthy lifestyle habits to prevent osteoporosis.
People with blood groups A, B and AB at higher risk of type 2 diabetes than group O
A study of over 80,000 women found a significant association between specific ABO blood groups and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Those with blood groups A, B, and AB had a higher risk compared to individuals with group O blood.
Migraine was not associated with BC in a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies
A recent study published in JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute found no association between migraine and breast cancer. The researchers analyzed data from 115,378 women and concluded that migraine was not associated with breast cancer risk or differences in endogenous sex hormone levels.
Study examines effects of family-friendly workplace policies
A study from the University of Texas at Dallas found that family-friendly policies significantly increase productivity and are related to higher labor productivity. The study also discovered a positive relationship between unionization and increased productivity and lower turnover rates.
BIDMC's Ramy Arnaout receives American Heart Association grant
Ramy Arnaout has been awarded a two-year grant to analyze antibody repertoires of over 1,000 Americans to clarify the link between antibodies, cardiovascular disease, and aging. The goal is to determine individual treatment needs for patients with cardiovascular disease.
Does a yogurt a day keep diabetes away?
A high intake of yogurt has been found to be associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The researchers found that high consumption of yogurt was associated with a reduced risk, while other dairy foods did not show this association.
A medium amount of physical activity can lower the risk of Parkinson's disease
A new study published in Brain: A Journal of Neurology found that a medium amount of physical activity can lower the risk of Parkinson's disease. Participants who spent more than six hours per week on household and commuting activities had a 43% lower risk of developing the disease.
Fewer women than men receive hemodialysis treatment
A comprehensive analysis of sex-specific differences in end-stage kidney disease treatment found that more men than women are on hemodialysis. Women's survival after hemodialysis is virtually equal to men's survival, but they were not receiving treatment as early, leading to higher mortality rates.
Replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat linked with lower risk of heart disease
A new study published in Circulation found that replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat reduces the risk of coronary heart disease by 9% and death from CHD by 13%. The researchers analyzed data from 310,602 individuals and found that higher intake of linoleic acid resulted in a lower risk of CHD.
Older adults satisfied with aging more likely to seek health screenings
A new study found that older adults who feel comfortable with the aging process are more proactive in seeking preventive health care services. These individuals were more likely to undergo regular health screenings, such as cholesterol tests and mammograms, compared to those who were less satisfied with aging.
Fewer depressive symptoms associated with more frequent activity in adults at most ages
More frequent physical activity was associated with fewer depressive symptoms across various age groups, while less frequent activity increased symptoms. The study used data from over 11,000 participants and found a significant correlation between increased physical activity and lower levels of depression.
Women who eat fried food regularly before conceiving are at increased risk of developing gestational diabetes during pregnancy
Frequent consumption of fried foods has been linked to a higher risk of overweight and obesity. Women who consumed total fried foods 7 times or more per week had an 88% increased risk of GDM compared to those who consumed less than once per week.
Combined behavioral support and medication offers smokers best chance of quitting
Researchers found that a combination of specialist behavioral support and medication significantly increases the odds of smoking cessation success, with a 23% quit rate among study participants. The approach outperformed unaided quitting and nicotine replacement therapy alone.
Endoscopists recommend frequent colonoscopies, leading to its overuse
A study found that endoscopists recommended shorter follow-up intervals than guidelines support, resulting in frequent colonoscopy overuse. This leads to potential excess healthcare spending of $1 million or more per year.
Contaminated water linked to pregnancy complications, BU study finds
A new BU study found that prenatal exposure to tetrachloroethylene in drinking water may increase the risk of stillbirth and placental abruption. The study, which compared over 2,000 pregnancies, found a significant association between PCE exposure and an elevated risk of these pregnancy complications.
New study shows increased risk of venous thromboembolism among NSAIDs users
A new study published in Rheumatology found that NSAID users have a higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism, which includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The study's lead author notes that physicians should be cautious when prescribing NSAIDs to patients already at high risk of VTE.
The genetics of coping with HIV
Researchers found that tolerance to HIV varies substantially between individuals, influenced by inherited genes, and is distinct from resistance. The study also discovered a gene linked to both resistance and tolerance, suggesting a unique mechanism for coping with the virus.
Study shows consumption of high-fat dairy products is associated with a lower risk of developing diabetes
A new study reveals that individuals with high intake of high-fat dairy products have a 23% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those with low consumption. High fat from dairy may explain the protective association between dairy intake and T2D.
Fish and fatty acid consumption associated with lower risk of hearing loss in women
Consumption of two or more servings of fish per week was associated with a 20% lower risk of hearing loss in women. Higher intake of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) also showed an inverse association with the risk.
Sodium's influence on blood pressure statistically insignificant
A new study published in the American Journal of Hypertension suggests that sodium intake has a minimal impact on blood pressure. Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables was shown to significantly lower blood pressure, while increased physical activity showed no noticeable effect.
Widely used depression drug associated with dental implant failure
A retrospective cohort study found that SSRIs were associated with an increased risk of osseointegrated implant failure. The study revealed a significant association between SSRI use and higher failure rates, with small implant diameters, bone augmentation, and smoking habits also linked to increased failure risk.
Report shows use of care plans in UK is rare with limited benefits
A new study found that written care plans and care planning in UK GPs are used rarely, leading to limited benefits for patients with long-term conditions. Despite the potential for improved management, the study showed no significant relationship between care plans, care planning, and patient outcomes.
New model predicts patients with type 1 diabetes who will go on to develop major complications
A new model predicts which type 1 diabetes patients will develop major complications, such as coronary heart disease and blindness. The model uses easily measurable risk factors, allowing healthcare professionals to identify high-risk patients and implement preventative strategies.
Contrary to popular belief, more exercise is not always better
A new study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings found that heart attack survivors who exercise excessively are at a higher risk of cardiovascular deaths. Researchers recommend exercising within a moderate range to reap long-term health benefits, with daily doses not exceeding 60 minutes and 5 hours of vigorous exercise per week.
Just one simple question can identify narcissistic people
A new method to identify narcissistic people has been developed, using a single-item scale that can help researchers in crunch time. The Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS) was validated in 11 experiments involving over 2,200 people and found to be reliable in identifying narcissistic individuals.