Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
A Vanderbilt University Medical Center study found that physical activity is not a significant factor in health disparities between African-Americans and whites. Sedentary behaviors, such as sitting and screen time, were linked to poorer health outcomes more than physical activity.
A large cohort study found that long-term exposure to fine particle matter and road traffic noise are associated with atherosclerosis. Exposure to PM2.5 and proximity to major roads increased aortic calcification, while night time noise also showed a borderline increase in thoracic aorta calcification.
Researchers found a strong association between spinal posture and dependency in activities of daily living (ADL), with those in the highest quartiles having 3.47 times higher risk of dependence. Spinal measurements were taken using a computer-assisted noninvasive device, and data from 804 participants aged 65+ were analyzed.
A new Northwestern Medicine study found that both black and white Americans have a similar lifetime risk of heart failure, ranging from 20 to 45 percent. The study explored the long-term risk of heart failure in different race groups and found that higher blood pressure and body mass index increased the risk.
Researchers found an independent association between decreased melatonin secretion and increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes. Lower nocturnal melatonin secretion was associated with increased insulin resistance in women, doubling their estimated diabetes incidence rate compared to those with higher melatonin secretion.
A new study reveals obstructive sleep apnea is associated with ADHD-like behaviors and other adaptive learning problems in children. Children with persistent sleep apnea were seven times more likely to have parent-reported learning problems.
The AAN has released an evidence-based guideline for evaluating and managing athletes with suspected concussions. The new guideline emphasizes that any athlete suspected of experiencing a concussion should immediately be removed from play, and recommends concussion and return to play assessments be done individually. Athletes under hig...
The redesigned Sapien XT valve demonstrated low 30-day death and stroke rates, with an all-cause mortality rate of 3.5% for the new device and 5.1% for the original model. Stroke rates were also significantly lower in both groups.
A new study found that adult sleepwalking is associated with increased daytime sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and altered quality of life. The study involved 100 adult patients and a control group, revealing that 22.8% experienced nightly episodes and 43.5% weekly episodes.
A new study found that low-birth-weight newborns with enlarged ventricles on an ultrasound are seven times more likely to be diagnosed with autism later in life. The research suggests that an early brain abnormality may indicate a higher risk of developing autism.
A study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that reduced lung function in infancy is associated with wheezing beyond childhood. The study, which followed participants from birth to age 18, suggests that early airway function and later exposures such as smoking may contribute to the development of obstructive respiratory diseases.
Women who took folic acid supplements from four weeks before conception to eight weeks into pregnancy had a 40 per cent lower risk of giving birth to children with childhood autism. The findings only apply to a lower risk of childhood autism, the most severe form of autism.
A large cohort study found that women who had small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants in their first pregnancy have a strongly increased risk of SGA in their second pregnancy. The study analyzed data from the Netherlands Perinatal Registry and found that 23.2% of women with a previous SGA baby went on to have an SGA infant in their sub...
A large-scale study found that hospitals with around-the-clock labor and delivery coverage had lower cesarean delivery rates and higher trial of labor after cesarean success rates. Women with previous cesarean births were more likely to attempt vaginal birth in these hospitals.
A large population-based cohort study of 7,500 men in Sweden found that permanent stress increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. The study showed that men who reported permanent stress had a significantly higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with no or periodic stress.
The UK government has invested £3.5 million in the Millennium Cohort Study to track the lives of 19,000 children born in 2000-01 as they enter adolescence. The study aims to understand risk behaviors, educational choices, and social relationships among teens.
A new study reveals a high rate of sleep disorders and short sleep duration among active duty military personnel, posing significant risks to accidents and long-term health. The majority of participants (85.1 percent) had a clinically relevant sleep disorder, with OSA being the most frequent diagnosis.
A new study from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found chronic kidney disease is associated with a higher risk of death and end-stage renal disease for both women and men. The study analyzed data from over 2 million participants worldwide, including a diverse population of women making up 54% of the cohort.
A large study found that erectile dysfunction severity corresponds to increased risk of cardiovascular disease hospitalization and all-cause mortality in men. The study analyzed data from over 95,000 men and found significant associations between ED severity and CVD risk, even among those without known CVD.
A study published in Annals of Neurology found that diets high in carotenoids, particularly beta-carotene and lutein, were linked to reduced risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The researchers also discovered that individuals with higher intake of antioxidants had a lower ALS risk.
Researchers warn that climate change, combined with human-driven factors, could significantly reduce usable groundwater availability for agriculture worldwide. Inadequate monitoring and mismanagement of groundwater usage will exacerbate the issue, compromising global food security.
A study of 20 cohort studies found that high fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a lower risk of estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer. The results suggest that increasing vegetable consumption may help lower ER- breast cancer risk, which accounts for only 15-20% of breast cancers.
The NIH panel suggests renaming PCOS due to its association with ovarian cysts, which is neither necessary nor sufficient to diagnose the condition. The new name will enhance recognition of the disorder and facilitate expansion of research support.
Women with severe pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy should opt for vaginal delivery over caesarean section to avoid increased risk of persistent pain. The study found a significant association between planned or emergency caesarean sections and severe pelvic girdle syndrome six months after delivery.
A study published in Medical Care suggests that attempting to correct false beliefs about health care reform can backfire among individuals with positive views of Sarah Palin and high levels of political knowledge. The researchers found that more aggressive fact-checking increased misperceptions and opposition to the Affordable Care Ac...
A new study published in Cancer found that smoking intensity affects the course of bladder cancer, with more aggressive and deadly disease developing in those who smoke intensely. A panel of nine molecular markers can predict which cases are at highest risk for a fatal outcome.
A new 33-item protocol checklist has been released to enhance trial protocols' content and quality, providing crucial information for critical appraisal and interpretation.
Italian immigrants from Switzerland have a significantly lower mortality risk compared to native-born Swiss, largely due to the 'healthy migrant effect'. However, subsequent generations born in Switzerland show a higher risk of mortality, likely due to lifestyle differences.
The UMass Medical School is enrolling expectant mothers from Worcester County in a pilot program of the National Children's Study. The study aims to determine how environmental factors impact children's growth, development, and disease onset. Data collectors will meet participants at home twice during pregnancy and again after birth.
A recent analysis of data published in Archives of Disease in Childhood found that boys whose testes fail to descend at birth are almost three times as likely to develop testicular cancer. The condition affects around 6% of male births and has been linked to a higher risk of developing the disease.
A new study published in JAMA found that chronic kidney disease and its complications are associated with a higher risk of death regardless of age. Both low kidney function and high albuminuria were independently linked to mortality and end-stage renal disease, according to the findings.
A Yale University study found that residents in areas with existing solar installations are more likely to adopt the technology, with a 54% increase in adoption when the installed base grows by 10%. The visibility of panels and word-of-mouth also play a role in larger installations.
Researchers found that high levels of activated Stat5 protein in prostate cancer after surgery are associated with increased risk of recurrence and death. The study suggests Stat5 could serve as a biomarker to help guide patients and physicians for future treatment.
A study of children in Massachusetts found that low-level prenatal mercury exposure is associated with a higher risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related behaviors. Conversely, fish consumption during pregnancy appears to be protective, particularly for impulsive/hyperactive behaviors.
A comparative analysis of elderly individuals found that benzodiazepine use was associated with a 50% increased risk of developing dementia. The study recommends limiting prescriptions to periods of a few weeks and ensuring proper use to mitigate potential adverse effects.
A panel of 13 blood proteins has been identified as potential biomarkers for detecting malignant mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive form of lung cancer linked to asbestos exposure. The discovery could lead to the development of more accurate and less invasive diagnostic tests, improving patient outcomes.
A new study links heavy caffeinated coffee consumption to an increased risk of developing exfoliation glaucoma, the leading cause of secondary glaucoma worldwide. Women with a family history of glaucoma are also at higher risk.
A recent study found that African American diabetic patients experienced higher rates of end-stage renal failure but lower rates of coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke compared to white diabetic patients. The study also showed female diabetic patients had lower rates of complications than male patients.
The UK Cohorts and Longitudinal Studies Enhancement Resource (CLOSER) aims to maximize the use, value, and impact of nine leading longitudinal studies. By strengthening links between these studies, researchers can make better use of rich data on people's lives, gathered over many years in the UK.
A Canadian study found that vigorous physical activity is associated with reduced body mass index z score, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and increased cardiorespiratory fitness in youth. The study included 605 youth aged 12.1 years and found that performing more than seven minutes of vigorous PA daily was linked to lowe...
A University of Michigan study proposes eliminating social security payroll taxes starting at age 55 to encourage workers to stay on the job. This would result in a 10.6% increase in take-home pay and a 1.5-year extension of working life.
New-onset diabetes in normal-weight adults is associated with significantly higher mortality rates compared to overweight/obese individuals. The study found that older adults and non-white participants are more likely to experience normal-weight diabetes, highlighting the need for targeted health screenings.
A large group of patients with diabetes showed a lower risk of total and cardiovascular mortality with higher levels of physical activity, including leisure-time PA and walking. Moderately active individuals had the lowest mortality risk compared to those who were physically inactive.
A Swiss study found that colonoscopy with polypectomy significantly reduces colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. The screened group had 12 cases, while the non-screened group had 213 cases, resulting in lower cancer-related death rates.
A new study found that vitamin D deficiency is associated with worse lung function and faster decline in smokers. Vitamin D sufficiency was linked to improved lung function and reduced rate of decline.
A University of Michigan report found that Generation X is lukewarm about climate change, with a small but statistically significant decline in concern between 2009 and 2011. Only 5% of surveyed Gen Xers were alarmed, while 18% were concerned, with education and scientific knowledge being key factors in explaining levels of concern.
A large cohort study found that high vitamin E intake from diet or supplements is associated with a lower risk of liver cancer. The study included over 132,000 individuals and analyzed data from two population-based cohort studies conducted in China.
The CDC's Expert Panel on Protective Factors for Youth Violence recommends a new research approach to identify protective factors that can reduce the likelihood of violence. The findings highlight the importance of understanding factors that protect youth from engaging in violent behavior.
A recent study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that high vitamin E intake from diet or supplements is associated with lower liver cancer risk. The analysis included 132,837 individuals and showed a clear inverse dose-response relation between vitamin E intake and liver cancer risk.
The July 2012 Genetics Society of America's journal features research on increasing association mapping power and resolution in mouse genetic studies through meta-analysis for structured populations. The study also explores the properties and power of a Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource for dissecting complex traits.
A large Danish cohort study reveals that childless women who undergo fertility evaluations have a higher risk of hospitalizations for psychiatric disorders, particularly anxiety and depression. The study found significant correlations between childlessness and increased rates of substance abuse, schizophrenia, and eating disorders.
Researchers from Duke University Medical Center found that tPA is safe to use in acute stroke patients on warfarin, contradicting previous concerns about high intracranial bleeding risk. The study included over 23,000 patients and found similar intracranial hemorrhage risks for those on warfarin and non-warfarin users.
The new book concludes that American science is in good health, with traditional values helping the nation maintain its strength. While there are areas of concern, such as declining scientists' earnings and a decline in academic positions, the authors argue that globalization promotes efficiency through knowledge sharing.
A French cohort study of 6,000 women aged over 65 found that high levels of estrogen are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and strokes. The study challenges the long-held assumption that estrogen has a protective effect on the heart and blood vessels.
A novel assay analyzes fetal cell-free DNA in maternal blood to screen for trisomy 21 and 18. The test is nearly 100% accurate, with a low false positive rate of 0.03%. It has the potential to replace current aneuploidy screening methods.
A new study found that relatively few black and white families are moving into multi-ethnic neighborhoods, with many instead staying in homogenous communities. The study analyzed mobility patterns of over 44,000 black and 57,000 white families between 1977 and 2005.
A study published in Molecular Psychiatry found that maintaining healthy nerve connections as we age helps keep us sharp. The research suggests that intelligence is not located in a single part of the brain, but rather in its overall network of connections.
A recent study has found that sarcoidosis accounts for 25% of all deaths among black women with the disease, emphasizing the need for early detection and treatment. The study also highlights the severity of pulmonary disease in black women with sarcoidosis, with respiratory failure being a leading cause of death.
A study by the University of Wisconsin found an association between sleep disordered breathing and increased cancer mortality. The researchers analyzed data from 1,522 subjects and found that those with mild, moderate, or severe SDB had a higher risk of cancer mortality compared to those without SDB.
A study by University of Michigan anthropologists finds that religious rituals can foster cooperation among group members, while sacred values can sustain intractable conflicts. However, participation in collective religious ritual can also increase parochial altruism and opposition to compromise.