Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
A study found that higher sodium excretion was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, while lower sodium excretion was linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for congestive heart failure. Higher potassium excretion was also found to be protective against stroke.
A study found that transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) provides meaningful clinical benefits compared to surgical valve replacement in patients suitable for the transfemoral approach. In contrast, patients ineligible for this approach experienced no benefit and potentially worse outcomes with TAVR.
A large prospective cohort study found no relationship between baseline vitamin D levels and the frequency or timing of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients with severe COPD. Vitamin D supplementation is unlikely to have an effect on AECOPD risk in these patients.
A University of Michigan survey found most Gen Xers lead active, balanced, and happy lives, with 90% participating in outdoor activities and 40% engaging in two or more recreation and leisure activities per month. Generation X adults are also engaged in community organizations, read regularly, and report high levels of happiness.
A meta-study of over 1.3 million participants found that moderate-intensity physical activity decreases all-cause mortality by 10%, while vigorous-intensity aerobic activity or sports reduces it by 22%. Engaging in any physical activity, including daily activities, can still provide a survival benefit.
Researchers found that lung cancer patients with diabetes had higher survival rates, including 43% at 1-year and 28% without diabetes. The benefits were seen across different stages of disease, suggesting that diabetes may not be a reason to withhold standard treatment.
Researchers discovered that a small number of genes control adaptability to different climates in the mustard plant Arabidopsis. By combining various sets of climate genes, scientists may be able to create strains that can thrive in multiple types of climates, helping plants accommodate climate change.
A new study published in Hepatology found that living donor liver transplant recipients had a 56% lower mortality rate compared to those waiting for a deceased donor liver transplant. However, this benefit was not observed for candidates with low MELD scores and hepatocellular carcinoma.
A meta-analysis of 28 prospective cohort studies found depression associated with a 45% increased risk of total and fatal strokes. Depression also increases the risk of ischemic strokes by 25%. The study suggests depression may contribute to stroke through various mechanisms, including neuroendocrine and immunological effects.
A meta-analysis of 22 studies from around the world found a strong association between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The study suggests that even moderate drinking can increase the risk, particularly at higher levels of consumption.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have found a genetic variant associated with lower five-year survival rates after coronary artery bypass graft. The thrombomodulin (THBD) gene was independently linked to increased long-term mortality risk following CABG procedure.
Researchers Beverly Strassmann and Wendy Garrard found that children in nuclear families were over four times more likely to die by age 5 if their mothers were dead. In contrast, paternal grandparents did not improve a child's survival due to competing for scarce resources in patrilineal societies.
A long-term study found that even mild cognitive impairment substantially increases the risk of death, with a strong impact comparable to other chronic diseases. The study, which followed nearly 4,000 patients over 13 years, suggests that recognition of cognitive impairment in primary care practices should be given higher priority.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that NYC firefighters exposed to the 9/11 World Trade Center disaster site were at least 19% more likely to develop cancer in the seven years following the disaster compared to non-exposed colleagues. The study evaluated the health of over 9,800 WTC-exposed and non-exposed firefighters.
A study found that rescue workers and civilians exposed to World Trade Center dust had lower mortality rates compared to the NYC general population. Higher exposure levels were associated with increased mortality, particularly among those with high levels of WTC-related exposure.
A collaborative study of African-American women's breast cancer will investigate genetic and non-genetic risk factors using a large population of 11,000 participants. The researchers aim to discover prevention methods for this deadly disease.
Women's sexual satisfaction is linked to their overall quality of life and perception of successful aging, even as physical health declines with age. Approximately 67% of women reported being moderately to very satisfied with their sex lives across different age groups.
A new study by UC San Diego researchers found that solar photovoltaic panels can cool buildings by up to 5 degrees Fahrenheit, reducing cooling costs by 5% over the panels' lifetime.
Research identified demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors contributing to work disability in systemic scleroderma. Findings suggest that retraining and additional support can help individuals with the disease maintain or regain employment.
A study found that cutting IVF funding in Denmark leads to significant short-term cost savings, but long-term losses. By 2059, the government would have lost €74-123 million due to fewer tax contributions from children born through IVF.
A new study found that high levels of urinary eosinophil protein-X (u-EPX) in newborn babies are linked to a higher risk of developing allergic symptoms and eczema by six years. Elevated u-EPX was associated with an increased risk of allergic sensitization, nasal eosinophilia, and eczema.
The study discovered two novel genetic associations with Parkinson's disease, one near the SCARB2 gene and another near SREBF1 and RAI1 genes. The research also replicated twenty previously known genetic associations, providing strong evidence for the web-based design used in this study.
A community cohort study in Hong Kong found more children than adults were infected with H1N1, but children were less likely to progress to severe disease. Serology studies like this one can help estimate rates of severe disease per infection for revised pandemic preparedness plans.
A new study published in Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica reveals that inducing labor around term does not associate with higher rates of cesarean sections. The research analyzed data from the Danish Birth Registry and found no increased risk for cesarean section among induced women compared to those who waited longer.
A study published in JAMA found that delays in starting adjuvant chemotherapy after colorectal cancer surgery are associated with poorer survival outcomes. The research suggests that clinicians should prioritize timely access to chemotherapy to improve patient outcomes.
Researchers found threshold haemoglobin values below which mortality increased in a graded, continuous fashion. Haemoglobin levels are associated with increased risk of mortality in patients with angina or myocardial infarction.
A recent study published by the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) found that arthritis patients treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor agents do not have an overall increased cancer risk. The nine-year follow-up study showed no significant difference in cancer risk among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ps...
A University of Michigan study found that interviewers who spoke moderately fast were more successful at convincing people to participate in telephone surveys. The study also discovered that frequent short pauses and a natural speech quality were key factors in success rates.
A recent report from the National Institutes of Health found insufficient evidence linking modifiable factors to Alzheimer's disease risk. The panel concluded that large-scale studies and clinical trials are needed to answer these questions. Researchers urge individuals to maintain a healthy lifestyle despite current uncertainty.
A recent study found that low-dose chest CT is effective in reducing radiation doses for evaluating cardiothoracic surgery patients. The study, conducted at the University Hospitals Case Medical Center, demonstrated a 42% reduction in radiation dose compared to traditional methods.
A study found that children's hospital mortality rates decreased over time in the absence of a Pediatric Medical Emergency Team. The researchers suggest other interventions may have confounded previous studies' results, highlighting the need for larger and better-designed PMET evaluations.
A report from a blue-ribbon panel recommends guidelines to improve board practices and standards in seven core dimensions: Purpose, Culture, Leadership, Information, Advice, Debate and Self-Renewal. The report aims to foster further review of board structure and function.
Despite 50 years of rapid population growth, the world has successfully produced enough food and reduced poverty. Factors contributing to this include the green revolution, increased investments in education, and urbanization, which have allowed cities to absorb growth without triggering mass starvation.
A national study found that 28% of US women with two or more children have children by more than one man. This prevalence is common among minority women, those living without a partner, and those with low income and education. Multiple partner fertility is tied to marriage and divorce rather than single parenthood.
A new study by the University of Michigan demonstrates that brain regions activated during physical pain are also active in individuals experiencing intense social rejection. The research found a neural overlap between the two experiences, which may help explain why people describe feelings of social rejection as 'painful'.
A large prospective study of black and white smokers found that mentholated cigarettes are associated with a lower lung cancer incidence and fewer lung cancer deaths than regular cigarettes. The researchers also found that menthol smokers reported smoking fewer cigarettes per day, but had similar quit rates as non-menthol smokers.
Researchers identified a single genetic mutation in the CUBN gene linked to albuminuria, a condition indicating kidney disease, in both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding the mechanisms behind kidney disease and potentially leading to novel treatment targets.
A University of Michigan study found that more people believe in 'climate change' than 'global warming', with a difference driven by partisan orientation and question wording. Overall, 74% believed climate change was real when referred to as such, while 68% did so when called global warming.
The £46 million study will track the lives of over 90,000 UK babies and their families, examining factors such as social disadvantage, environmental pollutants, and parenting style. The research aims to understand how biological and environmental influences shape children's health, development, and future life chances.
A new Northwestern Medicine study shows that standardized medicine prescriptions into doses at four clearly identified periods of day, can improve health outcomes for older patients. The study found that low health literacy was the greatest predictor of patients taking their medications more times per day.
A study published in CMAJ found patients with COPD are at a greater risk of developing shingles compared to the general population. The risk is highest for those taking oral steroids to treat COPD.
A recent study published in PLOS Medicine found that health behaviors play a weaker role in socio-economic disparities in mortality among European cohorts compared to British Whitehall II. The findings highlight the importance of understanding cultural differences in the social patterning of unhealthy behaviors.
A new study from Concordia University and Wilfrid Laurier University confirms that shared leisure time between grandparents and their adult grandchildren is key to forming strong intergenerational relationships. This common activity allows for knowledge sharing, mutual understanding, and the development of empathy.
A comprehensive study published by the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine found no association between folate intake and reduced risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. Folate supplementation duration and dose also showed no protective effect against preterm birth.
A study published in the Journal of Youth and Adolescence found that students who have agreements with friends about using alcohol during Spring Break are less likely to binge drink. Women were more likely than men to report having understandings about safer behavior, such as agreeing not to get drunk.
A systematic review of 54 studies found that higher adolescent drinking is associated with adult problems, but evidence for causality is limited. The authors recommend reducing late adolescence drinking to prevent long-term harms.
A recent study found that people taking bisphosphonates for osteoporosis treatment live an extra five years compared to those not receiving the medication. This significant benefit is attributed to bisphosphonates' ability to reduce toxic metal release, which may contribute to improved health outcomes.
A new study using brain scans found that neural reactions to pro-health messages can accurately predict smoking quit success. The researchers tested 28 heavy smokers and found that neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex predicted behavior change, outperforming people's own self-reported estimates.
A recent Norwegian study found that nearly one in ten pregnant women consumes organic food regularly, with organic eggs and vegetables being the most popular choices. Women who consumed organic food were more likely to have higher education, lower incomes, and frequent exercise habits.
A recent study found that exposure to traffic noise increases the risk of stroke, especially in individuals aged 65 and over. The researchers discovered a significant association between road traffic noise and stroke risk, with an estimated 8% of all stroke cases potentially attributed to traffic noise.
Bioactive compounds in berries, particularly anthocyanins found in blueberries, have been shown to reduce the risk of high blood pressure. Consuming at least one serving of blueberries per week can lower the risk by 10% and may contribute to hypertension prevention.
A new study led by MSU researcher Claudia Holzman aims to understand why preterm births increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in mothers. By analyzing data from over 3,000 women who delivered babies early or full-term, researchers hope to identify factors that contribute to this link and potentially develop new treatment strategies.
A Mount Sinai study found a significant increase in the rate of 'sarcoid-like' granulomatous pulmonary disease among World Trade Center (WTC) responders compared to pre-9/11 FDNY personnel. The condition was associated with environmental exposures and lung function abnormalities.
A recent study tracked almost 1,900 people over 29 years to uncover the link between larger high-density lipoprotein particles and reduced risk of heart disease. The research found that an increase in HDL2 particles significantly lowered heart disease risk.
A study published in Pediatrics found that newborns with low vitamin D levels are at increased risk of developing respiratory infections and wheezing during early childhood. The research suggests that vitamin D is crucial to the immune system, particularly in preventing acute respiratory infections.
Scientists at UMass Chan Medical School discovered that paternal diet can reprogram lipid metabolizing genes in offspring, increasing the risk of diabetes and heart disease. The study suggests that epigenetic inheritance plays a significant role in complex diseases.
A new study found that living in racially segregated neighborhoods with high crime rates increases the chances of developing cancer, particularly among older adults. The research, published in the American Journal of Public Health, also discovered a link between neighborhood segregation and heart problems for older women.
A recent study found that lower and higher vitamin D levels are associated with an increased likelihood of frailty in older women. Women with optimal vitamin D levels (20.0-29.9 ng/ml) were at the lowest risk, while those with levels below 20 ng/ml or above 30 ng/ml had a higher risk of frailty.
A new study published in the American Sociological Review found that friendships built in religious congregations are a secret ingredient in religion that leads to life satisfaction. The research suggests that people who attend church regularly and have close friends within their congregation report higher levels of happiness.
A review of 134 studies on breast reconstruction found inconsistent reporting and a lack of standardization in outcome assessment. The authors highlight the need for non-clinical factors such as patient-reported outcomes to be incorporated into outcome assessment.