Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A landmark study found that obstructive sleep apnea more than doubles the risk of stroke in men, with moderate to severe sleep apnea nearly tripling this risk. The study also reports a significant link between sleep apnea and increased stroke risk in women, particularly those with severe levels of sleep apnea.
A new study by Rush University Medical Center researchers found that people with Alzheimer's disease experience a rate of cognitive decline four times greater than those with no cognitive impairment. The study, published in Neurology, also revealed no significant racial differences in the progression of the disease.
A study of 1,292,462 Taiwanese women over 20 years found that motherhood protects against suicide, with a significant decrease in mortality rates. The study confirms Emile Durkheim's hypothesis that parenthood is protective against suicide, particularly among women with multiple live births.
A new therapy reduces mortality and heart failure risk in patients with mild cardiac disease, showing a 34% reduction in death or heart failure risk compared to those receiving only an ICD. The treatment has been approved for use in the US, benefiting nearly 4 million Americans with milder forms of heart failure.
A new study by Georgia State University professor Sean Richey found that residents of states with more government corruption have less trust in the general public. Increases in corruption before a survey were taken lead to decreases in belief that government officials and ordinary citizens are trustworthy.
A systematic review of literature found that micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes are associated with reduced disease-free and overall survival in breast cancer patients. The study's findings suggest that even small metastatic lesions can have a significant impact on patient outcomes.
A new automated cluster detection tool identified hospital infection clusters that were not detected by routine methods, providing valuable real-time guidance. However, the rate of T cell count drop was found not to be helpful in deciding when to start HIV treatment.
A Michigan State University study found a significant association between frequent cow exposure and human Group B streptococcus infection. The research suggests that zoonotic transmission may be occurring, with increased frequency of cattle exposure linked to human colonization.
A population-based study confirms exposure to TCE increases the risk of Parkinson's disease, with workers five and a half times more likely to develop the condition than those not exposed. The study used twins to evaluate environmental risk factors and found significant associations between TCE exposure and Parkinson's disease.
A study published by the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine found that women with fibroids are at a significantly increased risk of stillbirth. The research discovered that pregnancies with fetal growth restriction had an even higher risk of IUFD, with absolute risk remaining rare.
A study by Helmholtz Munich confirms the association between tobacco smoke and behavioral problems in children. Children exposed to tobacco smoke prenatally have a higher risk of developing abnormal behavioral symptoms, while postnatal exposure also poses a significant risk.
Researchers found that boiling or baking fish with low-sodium soy sauce and tofu is beneficial for heart health, while eating fried, salted, or dried fish increases risk. Omega-3 intake varied by gender and ethnicity, with men who consumed more omega-3s having lower cardiac death rates.
A new UCLA study found that individuals between 60-69 years old experienced significant increases in disabilities, including basic activities, instrumental activities, mobility, and functional limitations. This trend is concerning as it may put a burden on the healthcare system and boost health costs.
A Mayo Clinic study found that routine annual evaluation of prostate growth is not a reliable predictor for prostate cancer development. However, if PSA levels are rising quickly, a prostate biopsy is recommended to determine if prostate cancer exists.
A Cornell University study found that nearly half of American children will eat meals paid for by food stamps at some point during childhood. This is particularly true for black children and those living in single-parent households, with 90% experiencing food stamp use.
Research at the University of Missouri found that individuals with disabilities and limited English proficiency experience significantly lower health literacy rates than the general population. Effective communication strategies, such as training medical students and using telehealth communications, can help address these disparities.
A new study found that exposure to folic acid antagonists in the first trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of neural tube, cardiovascular, and urinary tract defects. The risk more than doubles, with neural tube defects increasing by six-fold after exposure.
A new comprehensive survey of White House Fellows, a group of over 600 prominent leaders, reveals significant differences between America's leadership cohort and the general public. The study found greater confidence in institutions like the Supreme Court and scientific community, but less confidence in education and organized labor.
A recent study by Boston University School of Public Health and the Institute for Aging Research found that women who wear poor shoes are at risk of developing foot pain in later years. The Framingham Foot Study assessed over 3,300 participants and revealed a strong correlation between improper footwear and hindfoot pain.
A large cohort study of 456,930 contrast doses found only 522 cases of adverse effects, most being mild and non-severe. The study suggests that contrast agents are safe to use and essential for diagnosis, with the advent of new agents improving their safety profile.
A University of Michigan study found that older Americans are experiencing a rapid change in work expectations, with more expecting to work past age 65. The study also revealed significant financial losses, including a decline in home values and stock market exposure.
A new study finds that chronic job insecurity has a stronger negative impact on worker health than smoking or hypertension. Persistent job insecurity weakens bonds between employers and employees, fueling perceptions of insecurity.
A study by researchers at the University of Wisconsin found a dramatic decline in rheumatoid vasculitis among US veterans between 2000 and 2006. The prevalence of RV decreased significantly, from 41 to 28 cases per 1,000 RA outpatients and from 32 to 15 cases per 1000 RA inpatients.
A large cohort study suggests that mild glucose intolerance in pregnancy may be an early indicator of women at increased risk of heart disease. Women with subclinical blood vessel changes during pregnancy are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes and vascular disease.
A recent study found that smoking is a significant risk factor for active tuberculosis (TB), with current smokers twice as likely to develop active TB as never-smokers. The study analyzed data from nearly 17,000 individuals in Taiwan and found that younger smokers were more likely to develop active TB.
A University of Michigan study analyzed 23-year patterns in weight-related activities among 17,314 young adults, revealing consistent disparities in health behaviors by gender, race, and socioeconomic status. The study found that young women exercised less than men, while black and Hispanic women had lower fruit and vegetable consumption.
A University of Michigan researcher suggests that parents who acquire higher education can significantly boost their children's academic achievement. The study found a strong correlation between parental education and language ability in children, with the impact remaining significant even after controlling for other factors.
Researchers discovered that positive expectations significantly impact recovery time for whiplash injuries. Those with optimistic outlooks recovered 3 times faster than those with negative expectations. The severity of the injury had no effect on recovery times.
The Kadoorie Biobank Study in China has received a £2.5 million funding boost to monitor the health of over 500,000 participants aged 35-74 for decades to come. This study will provide valuable insights into environmental and genetic causes of common conditions in China.
A University of Michigan study found that college students majoring in social sciences and humanities tend to become less religious, while those in education become more. In contrast, biology and physical sciences majors remain equally religious. The study suggests a connection between postmodernism and religiosity.
A multicenter study found that cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers Aβ42, T-tau, and P-tau can accurately identify patients with mild cognitive impairment who will progress to Alzheimer's disease. The study used a large group of patients with MCI and followed them for at least 2 years or until symptoms progressed.
Research by University of Warwick and University College London found that women's inflammatory markers vary significantly with sleep duration, while men do not. Short-term sleep deprivation studies suggest an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in sleep-deprived individuals.
The study found that levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP varied with sleep duration in women but not men. Shorter sleep was linked to increased inflammation levels, while longer sleep was associated with poorer health outcomes.
Researchers conducted three studies across different countries, age groups, and approaches, finding a strong correlation between playing prosocial games and increased helpful behavior. The studies suggest an upward spiral of prosocial gaming leading to improved prosocial behavior.
A University of Michigan study identified a likely reason why dishing with a girlfriend does wonders for a woman's mood: increased levels of the hormone progesterone. Progesterone, linked to social bonding, boosted well-being and reduced anxiety in women who engaged in emotionally close tasks.
A large retrospective cohort study found that women with precancerous Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) are at higher risk of developing invasive cervical cancer and recurrent severe CIN, especially after treatment. The study suggests the need for long-term follow-up of these patients.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that women who take folic acid supplements for at least one year before becoming pregnant are less likely to have premature babies. The research suggests a significant reduction in very early and early preterm deliveries, with a 70% decrease in the most high-risk category.
A large prospective case-cohort study found no association between dietary acrylamide intake and lung cancer risk in men, but suggested an inverse association in women. The researchers hypothesize that acrylamide may affect hormonal balances to explain the findings.
A large Mayo Clinic cohort study found that statin use is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer, with non-statin users three times more likely to develop the condition. Statins may also protect against erectile dysfunction, particularly among older men, and prevent prostate enlargement.
A comprehensive review of medical literature by experts found no evidence supporting beneficial effects from blood transfusions. Studies show associations with higher rates of complications like heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure, highlighting the need for restricted practice and safer storage methods.
Recent studies show that short sleep can disturb appetite control, leading to overeating and increased risk of Type 2 diabetes. Researchers also found that chronic sleep deprivation can lead to glucose intolerance without weight gain.
A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found a common genetic variant linked to increased ischemic stroke risk in the US, affecting approximately 20% of whites and 10% of blacks. This discovery may lead to new strategies for detecting at-risk individuals and developing targeted treatments.
A new study identifies a clinical prediction rule that can accurately predict patients most likely to benefit from measures to prevent recurrent C. difficile infection, which has become the leading known cause of hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea in developed countries.
A recent study published in AJCN found that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with higher bone mineral density in older adults. The research suggests that moderate drinking may help preserve bone health, with silicon in beer and resveratrol in wine contributing to the positive effects.
Researchers found a decrease in heart attack diagnoses using ECG, while biomarker-based diagnoses increased, contributing to stable hospitalization rates. Additionally, cardiogenic shock incidence declined over 30 years, likely due to reperfusion therapy and primary angioplasty.
Researchers identified 49 genes involved in cell-to-cell signalling in the brains of schizophrenia patients compared to controls, supporting the theory that faulty signalling is involved in the disease. The findings could lead to new ways of diagnosing and treating the condition.
A new study found that young men aged 24 or less who leave the UK Armed Forces have a two to three times higher risk of suicide compared to their peers. The risk is highest in those with short lengths of service and lower ranks, suggesting pre-military vulnerabilities may play a role.
Studies found that low-income neighborhoods had a low availability of healthy foods, leading to poorer diet quality. Researchers suggest that place of residence plays a significant role in dietary health, with certain communities facing limited access to nutritious food options.
A new calculation eliminates obstacles in measuring kidney function in children, relying on various blood tests that can be performed in a clinical setting. The study's findings suggest an accurate estimate is crucial to properly treat children with acute and chronic kidney problems.
A large study of postmenopausal women found no evidence that multivitamins reduce the risk of common cancers or cardiovascular disease. Researchers analyzed data from 161,808 women and found no association between multivitamin use and breast, colorectal, endometrial, kidney, bladder, stomach, ovary, or lung cancer.
Researchers found little evidence that cataract surgery accelerates age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression. The study also explored how people assess age and fatigue through gaze patterns, revealing the eye region as a key area of focus.
A recent study published in SLEEP found that inflammation may be the underlying mechanism linking extreme sleep durations to poor health. Short and long sleep durations were associated with changes in inflammatory cytokines, including C-reactive protein and interleukin-6.
Research suggests shaming children with high self-esteem can increase their aggressive behavior, contradicting traditional views that low self-esteem underlies aggression. Narcissistic individuals with high self-esteem are more vulnerable to shameful events and may react defensively.
A new study published in CMAJ found that patients receiving drug eluting stents had better outcomes, including lower mortality rates, compared to those with bare metal stents. However, the study also noted an increased risk of repeat revascularization procedures or death after three years.
A recent study found women with STEMI have an adjusted mortality rate almost twice as high as men, due to lower reperfusion therapy. Women are also treated less intensively in the acute phase.
A genome-wide study has identified 23 regions of the genome associated with nine metabolic traits, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, and inflammation. The study found 14 known genetic variants and nine novel variants, five of which are good candidates for important variants.
A systematic review of 49 randomized trials found aprotinin to be slightly more effective at controlling blood loss but with a higher risk of death. Health Canada is set to decide on its use, with alternative treatments like tranexamic acid and aminocaproic being suggested as alternatives.
A University of Michigan study found that older people who spent at least 14 hours a week caring for a disabled spouse lived longer than others. Providing care can have beneficial health effects and may reduce stress related to witnessing a loved one suffer.
A nationwide study on the interactions of genes, environment and lifestyle has received widespread public support, with 84% of respondents in favor and 60% willing to participate. The study's findings suggest that factors such as individual research results and compensation play a significant role in increasing willingness to participate.
Research presented at the American Society of Nephrology's Annual Meeting found African Americans with CKD caused by high blood pressure have a higher risk of progression to ESRD. The study followed 691 patients for 11 years and found they were at higher risk of progressing to ESRD than experiencing cardiovascular events.