A study published at the 33rd Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium found that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen alone can reduce breast cancer risk in certain women. The analysis of data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trials showed a significantly reduced breast cancer incidence in subsets of wom...
Researchers have found that in late-onset Alzheimer's disease, beta-amyloid is produced at a normal rate but not cleared efficiently from the brain. This discovery may lead to improved biomarker measures for early diagnosis and new treatment approaches.
Fox Chase researchers have discovered several tumor characteristics that increase the risk of brain metastases in breast cancer patients. These include high-grade tumors, negative progesterone receptor status, and inflammatory breast cancer. The study aims to identify women at risk for brain metastases, potentially leading to preventiv...
Research reveals a pattern of reptile extinctions on Greek islands, with habitat specialists and northern species most affected. The study suggests that preserving habitat corridors will enable plants and animals to migrate in response to climate change.
A team of scientists at Duke University has measured the viscosity of an ultra-cold gas, confirming its potential as a scale model for exotic matter and high-temperature superconductors. The results also provide insight into predictions made using string theory.
Researchers at Indiana University found that using lubricant during sex significantly increases women's ratings of sexual pleasure and satisfaction. The study also showed that water-based lubricants are associated with lower rates of genital pain and fewer genital symptoms overall.
Research from Rice University and the University of Wisconsin found that remarried parents contribute less to their children's college education despite similar incomes. College students with divorced or remarried parents must shoulder more costs, prioritizing education over completing it.
Researchers identified a new protein (vopE) involved in causing diarrhea and found that the bacteria requires T3SS to cause disease. The study reveals a second pathogenic mechanism used by non-O1, non-O139 strains of Vibrio cholerae.
A recent study found that the cholera strain in Haiti matches bacterial samples from South Asia, contradicting earlier assumptions of its Latin American origin. The researchers believe the strain was introduced into Haiti through human activity, raising hopes for control measures such as vaccination and rapid screening.
Scientists have sequenced the genomes of parasitic water fungus and water molds that cause late blight in potatoes, tomatoes, and downy mildew in cruciferous vegetables. The analysis reveals that some sections of the genome are slow to evolve, allowing for resistance genes to be targeted.
A recent study by Johns Hopkins researchers found that hospital shootings are extremely rare, while the rate of assaults on healthcare workers is four times higher than in other industries. The study argues that investing heavily in high-tech security measures may not be effective and instead focuses on preventing everyday assaults.
The AZURE trial, involving 3,360 patients, explores the effects of zoledronic acid on disease-free survival and secondary outcomes in Stage II/III breast cancer. The results will provide valuable insights into the benefits of combining zoledronic acid with adjuvant endocrine therapy.
Researchers found that liberals consistently move their attention in response to gaze cues, while conservatives do not. This suggests that liberals tend to be more responsive to others and are influenced by social interaction, whereas conservatives value personal autonomy and are less likely to be swayed by external cues.
A team of scientists led by Melissa Rolls has discovered a key protein controlling the layout of microtubules in dendrites, allowing neurons to regenerate after severe injury. The research provides new insights into the process of nerve cell regeneration and potential avenues for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers will study whether changes in tremor activity precede earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault. The Berkeley Seismological Laboratory is installing earthquake detectors to monitor mysterious 20-40 km deep tremors that may signal an impending quake.
The Nuss procedure has achieved a high success rate of 95.8% in correcting pectus excavatum, with refinements in surgical techniques and instruments developed to increase effectiveness and safety. New tools include stronger bars, improved tunnel creation, and titanium options for patients with metal allergies.
Researchers found exemestane to be comparable to anastrozole in preventing recurrent breast cancer and overall survival. However, exemestane showed lower cholesterol levels and fewer reports of osteoporosis, while anastrozole had more side effects on blood tests and mood changes.
Despite its large genome, powdery mildew has lost many essential genes, limiting its ability to fix nitrogen, harness energy, or produce metabolic products.
Researchers identified six gene markers in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer that can predict tumor relapse and survival rates. The six-gene classifier stratifies patients into low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups with significantly different relapse rates.
A EUREKA-backed project, TRAMMS, aimed to solve Internet bottlenecks by monitoring traffic over three years. The team gained insight into user behavior and accurately measured network traffic, enabling service providers to avoid bottlenecks and improve web browsing quality.
The project aims to unlock the secrets of nature's best camouflage artists, specifically cephalopod skins, to create adaptive and responsive materials. The team will investigate light sensing and use it to regulate skin patterns, colors, and contrasts.
According to a recent study in Nature Biotechnology, states in the US are now funding more human embryonic stem cell research than the federal government. The extent of this funding varies significantly between states, with some prioritizing this research over others.
Scientists at the University of Warwick have discovered a new platinum-based compound that can be activated by normal visible blue or green light, leading to a highly potent cancer treatment. The compound is up to 80 times more effective than existing platinum-based anti-cancer drugs.
A WSU researcher is conducting a four-year project to better understand how practicing civil engineers learn and apply engineering concepts. The study aims to develop a model of engineering thinking and research-based curricular materials based on the engineers' actual use of concepts.
New research by James Evans highlights industry's role in advancing academic science by encouraging novel discovery and exploring previously unexplored biological processes. Industry-funded work tends to stray from theoretical hubs, whereas government-funded studies cluster around related themes and theoretical hubs.
A La Jolla Institute team has validated a computer model's ability to predict key information on nasal insulin treatment regimens in type 1 diabetes. The platform accurately predicted biomarker onset and therapeutic outcome, confirming its potential as a valuable research tool.
Rice University researchers have developed microbatteries with nanowire 'hearts' that can store more energy and charge faster than traditional lithium-ion batteries. The batteries employ vertical arrays of nickel-tin nanowires encased in a PMMA polymer, which insulates the wires and allows ions to pass through.
A study of medical students' professor evaluations found that scores and comments remained consistent, with only 3% of evaluations revised. The study highlights the importance of making a good first impression in the classroom.
Scientists at Virginia Tech have discovered key molecular events in the immune system that contribute to inflammatory bowel disease. The study identifies peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma as a crucial regulator of inflammation and offers potential targets for repurposed drugs and naturally occurring compounds.
A new study found that buprenorphine is at least as effective as methadone in treating opioid addiction during pregnancy. Babies of mothers who received buprenorphine had shorter hospital stays and required less morphine to treat neonatal abstinence syndrome.
Researchers found that silencing the TLR4 gene can prevent hyperglycemic cardiac apoptosis in diabetic mice, highlighting the potential clinical use of siRNA-based therapy. The study demonstrated that TLR4 plays a critical role in cardiac apoptosis and that its silencing can suppress apoptotic cascades.
A meta-analysis reveals that postmenopausal women with breast cancer who use aromatase inhibitors are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The study suggests that these women should be monitored for shorter durations of treatment to minimize this risk.
A new study suggests buprenorphine is a better treatment option than methadone for opioid dependence in pregnant women, resulting in healthier babies. Babies born to mothers taking buprenorphine instead of methadone required less morphine and spent less time in the hospital.
A team of scientists found that the abundance of metal-loving elements in Earth's, Moon's, and Mars' mantles were delivered by massive impactors during the final phase of planet formation. The largest impactor on Earth may have modified its obliquity by approximately 10 degrees.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered a new regulatory protein, GAKIN, that oversees the activity of CARD11, a key player in immune cell activation. This finding presents opportunities to develop new treatments for autoimmune diseases and cancer by targeting hyperactive immune cells.
A retrospective study found that obese women with estrogen receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer experienced significantly worse disease-free and overall survival rates compared to non-obese patients. Obesity was not associated with poorer outcomes in HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer subtypes.
A new study suggests an intensive computer-based working memory training program can alleviate some ADHD symptoms in children. The five-week program showed significant changes in attention, organization, and working memory skills. Parents reported improvements in ADHD symptoms, and the results were evident four months after treatment.
Researchers observed electrode wires made from materials used in rechargeable lithium ion batteries contorting and fatten as they become charged with electricity. This study suggests how rechargeable batteries eventually give out and might offer insights for improving battery performance.
A new study by Carnegie Mellon University researchers found that imagining eating a certain food decreases appetite for it. Participants who repeatedly imagined consuming a food ate significantly fewer pieces than those who performed different tasks or imagined a different food.
A new three-drug combination, CRd, has shown promising results in treating newly diagnosed blood cancer patients, including a high response rate and minimal side effects. The study found that all participants responded to treatment and achieved significant reductions in disease.
A team of atmospheric scientists will gather data from clouds at four different elevations on Mount Werner for five months. The data will help improve climate models by verifying the accuracy of measurements used in computer simulations.
A study by Indiana University found that runners who continue despite exhaustion change their form, increasing the risk of injury. The study showed that at the end of a normal run, runners' mechanics start to change when they reach fatigue levels, typically indicated by RPEs between 13-15.
Hendrik Heinz, a University of Akron researcher, is using advanced simulations to understand organic-inorganic bonding. His work aims to develop new composite materials and devices, such as bone replacement and sensing systems, by harnessing nature's biomineralization process.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a system that analyzes and responds to the complex musical structures of improvised avant-garde performances, using interconnecting elements of cognition such as perception/action, reasoning, decision-making, planning, and memory.
Researchers have discovered a new class of small molecules that can break up and remove amyloid clumps in the brain, potentially providing a therapeutic application for Alzheimer's disease. These compounds also show potential to cross the blood-brain barrier, protecting the brain from harmful substances.
A new mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy suggests that muscle stem cells are key to understanding the disease's progression. The research found that mice with a similar mutation to humans experience severe muscle weakness and shortened life spans due to the inability of their muscle stem cells to keep up with ongoing damage.
A new technique developed at ORNL allows supercomputers to sift through massive molecular databases and identify potential drug candidates. This breakthrough could lead to diverse and innovative classes of drugs by processing millions of molecules a day.
Researchers found that colder temperatures in the Bering Sea led to an increase in larger zooplankton, such as copepods and krill, which pollock prefer to eat. This shift may impact the growth and survival of younger pollock fish.
A recent study has shed light on the genetic code of a plant pathogen that causes downy mildew disease. The analysis revealed massive gene loss in the pathogen, which is essential for its stealthy lifestyle, and could lead to new ways to investigate how these pathogens wreak havoc and prevent billions of dollars of losses for farmers.
Scientists have identified new genes in smut fungi that play a crucial role in infecting maize plants. The study reveals an evolutionary arms race between the plant and parasite, with each side developing new molecules to outsmart the other.
A new technology using tiny protozoa to detect toxins in water sources may provide unprecedented assessment of the world's water supplies. The Swimming Behavioral Spectrophotometer (SBS) can detect chemicals, pesticides, and biological warfare agents with near-instant feedback.
Researchers discover parasites within the fungus help it adapt and overcome plant defenses, leading to rapid evolution and devastating impact on agricultural yield. The study could lead to significant advances in developing new agricultural techniques for protecting cereal crops from infection.
A new study found that living in racially segregated neighborhoods with high crime rates increases the chances of developing cancer, particularly among older adults. The research, published in the American Journal of Public Health, also discovered a link between neighborhood segregation and heart problems for older women.
A study by UCLA researchers found that Medicaid-funded ADHD treatment for children yielded poor quality care, with few follow-up visits and inadequate medication use. The study suggests areas for improvement in ADHD care, including better alignment of clinical severity with provider type and increased use of stimulant medication.
A study found that combining epigenetic therapy and molecular targeted therapy can improve outcomes for patients with elevated E-cadherin levels in advanced lung cancer. The treatment achieved significantly improved overall survival rates compared to erlotinib alone.
Harvard researchers found that biracials are consistently perceived as belonging to their lower-status parent group, with only 68% needed to be white for a black-white biracial to be seen as white. Further studies aim to understand why this persistence of the 'one-drop rule' occurs
A new type of VEGFR-3 blocking antibody has been developed to inhibit angiogenesis in cancerous tumors. The antibody was shown to be effective even at high concentrations of the growth factor, and combining it with another inhibitor provided synergistic inhibition.
Researchers found that adding ipilimumab to paclitaxel/carboplatin improved progression-free survival rates for stage IIIb/IV non-small cell lung cancer patients. The study suggests that ipilimumab may be a valuable addition to standard treatments, potentially leading to better patient outcomes.
The EU-funded ESAIL project aims to develop the laboratory prototypes of key electric sail components. A full-scale electric sail is estimated to produce a continuous thrust of one newton while weighing only 100 kg.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of a plant disease-causing organism, uncovering its stealthy tactics and providing insights into the plant immune system. This discovery enables new ways to prevent disease and has vast implications for understanding and combating many other challenging plant pathogens.
Researchers discovered that blue whales can consume up to 2,000,000 kJ in a single mouthful of krill, providing 240 times more energy than used during a dive. This efficiency is due to the massive size of their mouths, which allow them to engulf large volumes of food.
Researchers at UCLA are developing spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-RAM) with great potential over current memory technologies. The technology has achieved densities comparable to dynamic random access memory and speeds comparable to static random access memory.
Researchers found significant exposure to erionite in North Dakota roads, comparable to affected Turkish villages. The mineral poses health risks through inhalation, prompting cautionary measures and potential preventive programs.
Research from the University of Cincinnati and Massachusetts General Hospital found that warfarin, a common anticoagulant, may not be suitable for all atrial fibrillation patients due to declining stroke risk. The study suggests that treatment guidelines should consider individual patient risks and benefits.
A Florida State University researcher has developed a molecular sensor that accurately detects fluoride levels at very low concentrations, posing a carcinogenic risk. The sensor's nanomolar sensitivity makes it one of the most sensitive fluoride sensors known to date.
Researchers compared treatment outcomes of elderly patients with early-stage lung cancer treated with either surgery or stereotactic radiation therapy. The study found that both treatments had similar long-term survival rates, but surgery had a higher risk of mortality in the first 30 days.
A study of over 12 million women found that only half received annual mammograms, with rates varying by age group. The low rate has sparked theories on reasons behind non-compliance, including discomfort and lack of available screening centers.
The NSF has extended its support for an alliance of research universities and HBCUs that encourages African American students to pursue graduate training and research careers in robotics and computer science. The ARTSI Alliance has served over 300 undergraduates, provided mentoring and technical assistance to 23 HBCU faculty, and deliv...
Researchers found that Alzheimer's disease is associated with disrupted brain clearance of a sticky plaque component called amyloid-beta. The study's findings have important implications for diagnosis and treatment, as scientists seek to understand how this process can be improved.
The study reveals that the bacteria causing the current Haitian cholera epidemic originated in South Asia, supporting the notion of transmission from an infected individual. The strain was found to be more virulent than average, with a higher potential for severe diarrhea and increased mortality rates.
The new guidelines aim to standardize diagnosis, treatment, and management of food allergies. They consolidate the latest available data into straightforward and consistent protocols for diagnosis and treatment, which will give physicians a uniform pool of information, ultimately leading to more accurate care for patients.
The e-MERLIN telescope has captured the first image of a galaxy with its gravitational lens, revealing multiple images of a quasar billions of light years away. This groundbreaking observation demonstrates the power of the new telescope system in studying the fine details of astronomical events.
Researchers found that Duchenne muscular dystrophy symptoms emerge when skeletal muscle stem cells can no longer keep up with repairs, leading to progressive muscle weakening and respiratory failure. Successful treatments targeting muscle stem cells may alleviate symptoms and offer new hope for managing the disease.
Engineers have created a quarter-inch-thick, lightweight, and colorless blast-resistant glass that can withstand explosions and severe weather. The new design features long glass fibers soaked in liquid plastic, providing a significant reinforcing effect to the polymer matrix.
A study published in Nature Chemical Biology reveals how pancreatic beta cells interpret incoming signals and find that three proteins relay signals similar to an electrical circuit. The discovery may lead to repairing deficient cells in treating diabetes.
Researchers are creating a new rapid test to detect sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in under 15 minutes. The system uses short fluorescently-labelled DNA sequences to identify the presence of an STI.
Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories have created the world's smallest battery using a single tin oxide nanowire anode, which nearly doubles in length during charging. The discovery provides new insights into lithium batteries and could improve power and energy density.
Researchers found that leaf-cutter ants change tasks when mandibles wear out, allowing more efficient sisters to take over. This division of labor allows the colony to remain productive while minimizing energy loss.
The study provides the first whole genome sequence analysis of the Haitian Vibrio cholerae outbreak strain, confirming a South Asian lineage. This understanding has important public health policy implications for preventing future cholera outbreaks.
Alexander V. Prokhorov, a behavioral scientist at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, has been recognized for his innovative tobacco research and education programs targeting high-risk teens and young adults. His work includes developing video games and websites to teach healthy lifestyles and prevent tobacco use.
A study by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that Indonesian children who watched Jalan Sesama, a local version of Sesame Street, showed significant improvement in literacy, math skills, safety knowledge, and social awareness compared to those with low exposure.
A study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that restricting dietary phosphate does not improve survival rates among hemodialysis patients. In fact, patients with more liberal phosphate restrictions were 27% less likely to die than those on restrictive diets.
A recent study found that patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) can safely continue taking clopidogrel, but bleeding complications are associated with using a Dacron patch. The study analyzed 260 consecutive patients and found no significant difference in operative blood loss between those on clopidogrel and aspirin alone.
A phase II study at Georgetown University Medical Center suggests exemestane reduces mammographic breast density in high-risk postmenopausal women by 7%. The treatment is considered an intermediate marker for breast cancer and may offer a safer alternative to tamoxifen, which has rare but serious side effects.
Scientists at Virginia Tech uncover how abscisic acid, a natural plant hormone, fights inflammation by interacting with the lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 protein. This alternative mechanism avoids known adverse side effects of existing drugs, paving the way for new treatments.
Physicists at Ohio State University have developed a technique to tune the properties of key atoms in computer chips by rearranging tiny defects. This could lead to faster computing speeds and new computing paradigms based on quantum mechanics.
A research team at Worcester Polytechnic Institute demonstrates the feasibility of delivering adult bone-marrow-derived stem cells using biopolymer microthreads, which support cell growth while maintaining differentiation potential. The technology has the potential to improve cardiac function and treat cardiac arrhythmias.
A study by University of Chicago researchers found that households did not shift to store brand alternatives after receiving a DVR. The lack of effect on sales suggests that TV advertising may not have a discernible impact on sales in the first place.
The ARC Centre of Excellence for Experimental Particle Physics at the Terascale will probe particle interactions at higher energies, revealing secrets about the early stages of the universe after the big bang. Scientists hope to discover elusive Higgs Boson particles and new physics such as extra dimensions and super symmetry.
A team of scientists has discovered that microRNA profiles can predict the type of cell, including whether it's cancerous or not. This finding has significant implications for the use of stem cells in repairing damaged body parts, as it highlights the potential risks of creating cancer.
A team of Bioengineers in the US has modified a bacterial strain to improve its ability to produce ethanol. The research reveals that adapting and metabolic engineering can be combined for strain improvement, increasing ethanol production.
Researchers have discovered MIC-1 as a regulator of angiogenesis, finding that it is present in high levels in 67% of melanoma patients. Targeting this protein can prevent blood vessel formation and decrease tumor development by up to 300%. This could lead to new therapeutic strategies for treating melanoma.
A new study by Andrew Dessler at Texas A&M University found that cloud feedback will amplify global warming over the next century. The research uses measurements from NASA's Terra satellite and meteorological analyses to calculate energy trapped by clouds as climate varied over the last decade.
A new study finds that nanotechnology research collaboration has increased significantly worldwide, with the US and China being the leading international co-authors. The study analyzed over 91,000 papers published between 2008 and 2009 and found that researchers from just 15 countries accounted for 90% of the publications.
The CARING CARS project aims to make driving safer by developing an innovative sensor network that monitors a driver's vital signs and responds accordingly. The system detects fatigue, emotional state, and other factors to provide alerts and assistance in emergency situations.
Scientists identify the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurological disease. Further study may lead to novel treatments by transforming the pathological process in ALS patients.
A University of Michigan-led study found that depressed mothers' bodies may play a role in the development of their unborn children's brains. Babies born to depressed moms had higher levels of stress hormones and decreased muscle tone, but also showed signs of neurological maturity.