Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
A comprehensive review of medical literature by experts found no evidence supporting beneficial effects from blood transfusions. Studies show associations with higher rates of complications like heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure, highlighting the need for restricted practice and safer storage methods.
Recent studies show that short sleep can disturb appetite control, leading to overeating and increased risk of Type 2 diabetes. Researchers also found that chronic sleep deprivation can lead to glucose intolerance without weight gain.
A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found a common genetic variant linked to increased ischemic stroke risk in the US, affecting approximately 20% of whites and 10% of blacks. This discovery may lead to new strategies for detecting at-risk individuals and developing targeted treatments.
A new study identifies a clinical prediction rule that can accurately predict patients most likely to benefit from measures to prevent recurrent C. difficile infection, which has become the leading known cause of hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea in developed countries.
A recent study published in AJCN found that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with higher bone mineral density in older adults. The research suggests that moderate drinking may help preserve bone health, with silicon in beer and resveratrol in wine contributing to the positive effects.
Researchers found a decrease in heart attack diagnoses using ECG, while biomarker-based diagnoses increased, contributing to stable hospitalization rates. Additionally, cardiogenic shock incidence declined over 30 years, likely due to reperfusion therapy and primary angioplasty.
Researchers identified 49 genes involved in cell-to-cell signalling in the brains of schizophrenia patients compared to controls, supporting the theory that faulty signalling is involved in the disease. The findings could lead to new ways of diagnosing and treating the condition.
A new study found that young men aged 24 or less who leave the UK Armed Forces have a two to three times higher risk of suicide compared to their peers. The risk is highest in those with short lengths of service and lower ranks, suggesting pre-military vulnerabilities may play a role.
Studies found that low-income neighborhoods had a low availability of healthy foods, leading to poorer diet quality. Researchers suggest that place of residence plays a significant role in dietary health, with certain communities facing limited access to nutritious food options.
A new calculation eliminates obstacles in measuring kidney function in children, relying on various blood tests that can be performed in a clinical setting. The study's findings suggest an accurate estimate is crucial to properly treat children with acute and chronic kidney problems.
A large study of postmenopausal women found no evidence that multivitamins reduce the risk of common cancers or cardiovascular disease. Researchers analyzed data from 161,808 women and found no association between multivitamin use and breast, colorectal, endometrial, kidney, bladder, stomach, ovary, or lung cancer.
Researchers found little evidence that cataract surgery accelerates age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression. The study also explored how people assess age and fatigue through gaze patterns, revealing the eye region as a key area of focus.
A recent study published in SLEEP found that inflammation may be the underlying mechanism linking extreme sleep durations to poor health. Short and long sleep durations were associated with changes in inflammatory cytokines, including C-reactive protein and interleukin-6.
Research suggests shaming children with high self-esteem can increase their aggressive behavior, contradicting traditional views that low self-esteem underlies aggression. Narcissistic individuals with high self-esteem are more vulnerable to shameful events and may react defensively.
A new study published in CMAJ found that patients receiving drug eluting stents had better outcomes, including lower mortality rates, compared to those with bare metal stents. However, the study also noted an increased risk of repeat revascularization procedures or death after three years.
A recent study found women with STEMI have an adjusted mortality rate almost twice as high as men, due to lower reperfusion therapy. Women are also treated less intensively in the acute phase.
A genome-wide study has identified 23 regions of the genome associated with nine metabolic traits, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, and inflammation. The study found 14 known genetic variants and nine novel variants, five of which are good candidates for important variants.
A systematic review of 49 randomized trials found aprotinin to be slightly more effective at controlling blood loss but with a higher risk of death. Health Canada is set to decide on its use, with alternative treatments like tranexamic acid and aminocaproic being suggested as alternatives.
A University of Michigan study found that older people who spent at least 14 hours a week caring for a disabled spouse lived longer than others. Providing care can have beneficial health effects and may reduce stress related to witnessing a loved one suffer.
A nationwide study on the interactions of genes, environment and lifestyle has received widespread public support, with 84% of respondents in favor and 60% willing to participate. The study's findings suggest that factors such as individual research results and compensation play a significant role in increasing willingness to participate.
Research presented at the American Society of Nephrology's Annual Meeting found African Americans with CKD caused by high blood pressure have a higher risk of progression to ESRD. The study followed 691 patients for 11 years and found they were at higher risk of progressing to ESRD than experiencing cardiovascular events.
A multicentre prospective cohort study found that only 22% of patients' previous visit information was available when they saw another doctor. This limited exchange is crucial for continuity of patient care and may be associated with poorer outcomes.
The NIH convened a panel to weigh evidence on hepatitis B management, highlighting the need for large studies and representative prospective cohort studies. The panel recommends routine screening for newly arrived immigrants from countries with high hepatitis B prevalence.
A study found that heart attack patients treated by less experienced physicians had lower use of evidence-based drug therapies compared to those treated by more experienced cardiologists. The researchers recommend developing new methods to standardize prescribing practices, particularly for long-practicing physicians.
The UK's Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC) has launched the world's largest household longitudinal study, Understanding Society. The ambitious project will collect data from 100,000 individuals across 40,000 households to explore the long-term effects of social and economic change on the well-being of the UK population.
A study presented at the ASPS conference found that fat injections can correct implant wrinkling and improve breast shape in breast reconstruction patients. However, the use of fat injections for cosmetic purposes is still debated due to concerns about calcification, absorption rates, and procedure time.
A genetic association with SERPING1 has been found to be strongly linked to age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness. The study's findings have significant implications for the development of novel treatments for this devastating disease.
A study published in Sleep found that postmenopausal women slept longer than premenopausal women, with deeper sleep and increased total sleep time. However, the rate of change in sex hormones during menopause was also associated with poor subjective sleep quality.
A study found three genes associated with an increased risk of gout, enabling the development of a genetic risk score that can predict those at highest risk. This score could facilitate early and targeted treatments, improving outcomes for individuals affected by gout.
A study by University of Michigan psychologist Ethan Kross found that processing emotions from a distanced perspective can facilitate coping and reduce negative moods. By taking a step back and reviewing the situation from afar, individuals can rationalize their feelings and work through negative experiences over time.
Research found a significant disparity in health outcomes between African Nova Scotians and white Canadians, with rates of type 2 diabetes and circulatory disease being 13-43% higher. The study's authors suggest that genetic factors may play a role in these disparities.
A recent US study shows that living donor liver transplants for acute liver failure patients can have high survival rates and acceptable risks. The study found that 70% of recipients survived after transplantation, while the donors experienced similar complication rates as other LDLT recipients.
Research suggests that college freshmen can make their roommate relationships better by adopting an 'eco-system' approach, focusing on genuine caring and compassion. By doing so, they can reduce loneliness and build close relationships with their roommates.
A University of Michigan study found that over 80% of Air Force women deployed in Iraq experienced physical health problems, including fatigue, fever, and hair loss. The study suggests that deployment-related stressors may play a critical role in developing these symptoms.
Research suggests that homeownership promotes political involvement, particularly among those living in distressed areas. Homeowners in disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to vote than renters and those in privileged communities.
A study found that people with severe sleep apnea have a much higher mortality risk than those without, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 3.2. Regular CPAP use may protect against cardiovascular death, but the mechanisms are unclear.
The £28.5M funding will enable the co-ordination of data collection across existing birth cohort studies, allowing analysis across generations and investigating social, economic, and educational impacts on health and poverty. The new facility will expand the series by creating a new cohort to extend the study over 12 years.
A study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that closing a coal-fired power plant in China significantly improved cognitive development and motor skills in exposed children. The research tracked two groups of children born before and after the plant's closure, revealing a direct positive impact on early child...
Researchers analyzed data from the 90+ Study, finding that 45% of women over 90 had dementia, compared to 28% of men. The study highlights concerns about healthcare resources for the growing 'oldest old' population.
A University of Michigan study finds that global happiness has risen substantially over the past 25 years, particularly in low-income countries experiencing economic growth and democratization. Economic factors have a smaller impact on happiness than previously thought, with social tolerance and freedom being key drivers.
Researchers identified CHD5 as a tumor suppressor gene associated with better outcomes in neuroblastoma patients. Intestinal proteins were found to be effective anti-tumor antigens in mice, potentially reducing autoimmune complications.
A study found that certain single nucleotide polymorphisms within the IL2RA gene region are associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Three specific SNPs were investigated and one was significantly associated with UK cases of JIA, especially in female patients and those positive for antinuclear antibodies.
Studies find RA patients have a double risk of CVD events compared to the general population. The risk is comparable to that of people with type 2 diabetes. Healthcare professionals should advise patients on healthy lifestyle and early symptoms.
A study published in Cortex found that children who can read but struggle with spelling are more likely to be right-handed. This subgroup of poor spellers was also found to have better hand skills, suggesting a possible link between phonetic skills and handedness.
Critically ill patients with wide glycemic variability were more likely to die and develop nosocomial infections compared to those with low variability. The study identified age, previous diabetes history, and insulin control as predictors of high variability.
A University of Michigan researcher found that concerns about safety are the main reason fewer than 13% of US children walk or bike to school. A greener environment with wide sidewalks and trees can increase parental willingness to allow kids to walk to school.
A global study of LASIK patients found that 95.4 percent are satisfied with their new vision, with similar high satisfaction rates reported in countries outside the US. The study also identified factors associated with patient dissatisfaction, which will be presented at an upcoming ASCRS symposium.
Researchers found that daytime dozing significantly increases the risk of stroke in older adults. Moderate dozing doubled the risk, while significant dozing quadrupled it. The study suggests that sleep problems may be an important and novel stroke risk factor.
A NIH panel emphasizes the importance of removing stigma associated with fecal and urinary incontinence, recommending increased public awareness and provider education. The panel also highlights the need for research studies to fill knowledge gaps and develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that active smoking is associated with a 44% increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The association was strongest for heavy smokers, suggesting that smoking may contribute to insulin resistance or inadequate compensatory insulin secretion responses.
Researchers found a significant decline in commercial cigarette purchases among adolescents, while social sources increased. This decrease was linked to reduced smoking rates, suggesting that limiting access to cigarettes may be an effective strategy for curbing youth smoking.
A study of adolescent offenders found a new upper limit for ALT that is more sensitive for diagnosing liver disease. The findings suggest targeted interventions for at-risk youths, who are high-risk for HCV infection and obesity-related liver disease.
A study found that both short and long sleep durations are associated with an elevated risk of mortality. Participants who slept five to six hours or less at baseline but reported extended sleep hours had lower mortality rates, while those sleeping seven to eight hours had higher mortality rates.
A University of Iowa study found that even when both partners are highly educated and earn a significant income, women tend to sacrifice their careers for their husbands' promotions. The research suggests that entrenched gender roles contribute to this phenomenon.
Researchers have developed a powerful tool to systematically map out pathways and subpathways contributing to inflammation. This study has led to the creation of customized panels for analyzing genetic variations in inflammation pathways for European and African descent populations.
A University of Michigan study found that conversing with others for just 10 minutes can improve memory and cognitive function. The research suggests that social interaction is an effective way to boost mental abilities, comparable to traditional mental exercises.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet found that hysterectomy significantly increases the risk of urinary incontinence, with the highest likelihood noted within five years of the removal of the uterus. Women who had a hysterectomy before menopause or after multiple deliveries were particularly at risk.
A retrospective cohort study found that elderly patients who started dialysis between 1990 and 1999 experienced significant improvements in survival rates. Patients aged 65-74 years at the start of dialysis showed a 23% improvement in survival, while those aged 75 or more saw a 15% gain.
A study found that physicians trained to perform cataract surgery in rural China showed improved vision for over 85% of patients, with nearly 96% achieving good visual outcomes. However, only 35% of patients accepted glasses prescriptions and 48% opted for surgery on their second eye due to cost concerns.
A retrospective cohort study of 18,722 hemodialysis patients found that those living farther from their attending nephrologist had increased mortality rates from all causes and infectious causes. Proximity to a nephrologist was shown to impact clinical outcomes for these patients.