Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new international study found that a heartburn medication called esomeprazole effectively prevented ulcers among long-term painkiller users. The study showed the drug produced few side effects and was safe for daily use, offering hope to patients who need to take painkillers regularly.
A University of Michigan study reveals that working overtime is driven by a desire to improve social status and cultivate a sense of belonging, rather than just financial gain. The research found that blue-collar workers who work overtime are motivated by the desire to consume luxury items and keep up with their white-collar counterparts.
A panel study will be conducted with 2,500 individuals across the nation, followed by interviews every three years until they reach age 65. The study aims to explore how religion and ethnicity shape social change and community development in the US.
A study by Mary A. Whooley and colleagues found that depressive symptoms are a better predictor of poor quality of life in patients with coronary disease than previously thought. The researchers measured depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and found that these patients were more likely to report lower healt...
The Millennium Cohort Study found that over seven percent of English babies sleep in their parents' bed, a higher rate compared to other countries. The study also revealed various interesting facts about the first year of life for these children, such as the most common names and solid food consumption.
A recent study analyzed data from two Finnish cohorts and found the risk of any type of eye injury caused by airbags to be very slight, only 2.5 percent. Open eye injuries were more likely to occur among eyeglass wearers, but those who did not wear eyeglasses were more likely to suffer from injuries caused by airbag chemicals.
The Millennium Cohort Study, funded by ESRC, follows the lives of nearly 19,000 babies born between 2000 and 2002. The study provides valuable insights into birth, baby, and parenthood topics, such as parents' ages and children's development.
A recent U-M study shows that men are dying at higher rates than women for most causes, with minority and middle-class Black men facing even greater risks. The findings point to economic marginality, adverse working conditions, and societal expectations of masculinity as key drivers of these health disparities.
Despite explosive population growth, total harvested area in the region increased by 5%, while irrigated land jumped by 73%. Urbanization appears to have stabilized farm and ranch employment in eastern Colorado Plains cities.
A cohort study found that medical students' ethical skills levelled out over time, suggesting an earlier maturation of ethical abilities than anticipated. Peter Singer suggests ways to strengthen the role of ethics in medical education.
A new study published in JAMA found that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk of dementia in older adults. The study analyzed data from 373 dementia patients and 373 control subjects, finding that moderate drinkers had a 54% lower risk of dementia compared to abstainers.
A University of Michigan study found that people who provided practical support to others were more than twice as likely to survive as those who did not. The researchers analyzed data from over 423 older couples and found a significant link between giving and longevity.
New Ohio State University research suggests district court judges tend to follow appellate judges' decisions on labor law cases. The study found that district judges are less likely to write signed majority opinions and dissents, indicating they often go along with the decisions rather than taking initiative.
A large cohort study found that high dietary vitamin E intake was associated with a significantly lower risk of developing Parkinson's disease. However, the use of vitamin E or C supplements and multivitamins showed no protective effect on Parkinson's risk. The results suggest that other lifestyle factors may also play a role in reduci...
Two studies found that reducing air pollution through coal bans and emission controls leads to significant decreases in mortality rates, particularly for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Estimated reductions include 116 respiratory deaths and 243 cardiovascular deaths per year.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Human Biology found that women who reproduce later in life have a lower chance of having their descendants survive and thrive. In contrast, women who start families earlier tend to have more lineage success. The researchers used statistical models to analyze the impact of education, i...
A new study found that moderate to high calcium intake can lower the risk of distal colon cancer by 40-50% in women and men. However, excessive calcium consumption did not provide further benefits. Calcium may be the key component reducing colon cancer risk.
A new UCSF study reveals that the KSHV epidemic in San Francisco gay men occurred before the HIV epidemic, and was linked to oral intercourse. The study found a steady prevalence of KSHV infection among gay men from 1978 to 1995, despite a significant decline in unprotected anal intercourse.
A large study of nearly 40,000 women in Denmark found that moderate drinkers became pregnant faster than non-drinkers. However, high alcohol intake was related to longer waiting times, particularly among older women and those who smoked or were overweight.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that nearly half of people receiving antiretroviral treatment for HIV-1 developed clinical adverse effects, while 27% experienced laboratory adverse effects. The authors emphasize the need for postmarketing surveillance to improve tolerability of anti-HIV-1 treatment.
A unique 5-year study will enroll 105,000 people, including two-thirds African-Americans, to identify key factors contributing to cancer development. The Southern Community Cohort Study will explore lifestyle and genetic factors linked to cancer disparities in the southeastern US.
A long-term study of over 1000 Finnish men found that reduced lung function due to smoking increases the risk of death from all causes. Quitting smoking halts this decline and reduces mortality risk, suggesting preserving lung function in later life may predict a longer life.
A study of 350 men and women found that mental aging begins in the 20s with continuous declines in processing power. By mid-60s, people may notice a decline in everyday activities. An increase in experience and knowledge can compensate for losses until age 50.
Researchers have established Canadian normative data for the SF-36, a widely used health-related quality of life measure. The study found that Canadians scored higher than US and UK counterparts in several domains.
A University at Buffalo study found that a woman's biology, specifically age at first menstruation and first live birth, are major predictors of resolved fertility in fertile women, not lifestyle habits. Women over 30 at first live birth were three times more likely to take longer than a year to conceive.
A study by Kermyt Anderson found that stepfathers invest significant amounts of money and time in their stepchildren. Despite initial assumptions portraying stepfathers negatively, the research suggests they gain mating benefits and opportunities for lifetime reproductive success.
The Boston University conference explores how science is used and misused in public discourse, affecting policy decisions such as failed drug policies. The event also examines the intersection of science with social sciences and the courts, aiming to provide a clearer understanding of scientific findings for the general public.
A recent study by David J. Maume Jr. found that 44% of men are promoted after 12 years, compared to 15% of white women, 7% of black women, and 17% of black men. Discrimination was the only factor controlling promotion rates across professions.
Researchers found that aged varnish molecules contribute to the typical yellow discoloration of old-master paintings. The study suggests that larger molecules in the varnish layer are harder to dissolve during restoration processes.
A panel of scientists concludes that some UFO sightings are accompanied by physical evidence deserving scientific study. While the panel was not convinced of an extraterrestrial explanation, it highlighted potential health risks and noted that rare natural phenomena can cause similar effects.
A new study reveals that many laboratories offering genetic tests for cystic fibrosis don't test for enough mutations, which can lead to unreliable results. The recommended widespread screening is premature due to the lack of standardization in testing labs.