Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers from the American Academy of Ophthalmology found a 40% lower long-term mortality risk among patients who had their vision corrected through cataract surgery. The study, which followed over 350 participants, suggests that correcting cataract-related visual impairment results in improved outcomes beyond just eye health.
A prospective cohort study of 81,697 racially diverse adults found that lung cancer survival between black and white patients was similar when demographic factors and smoking were controlled. The study aimed to address racial disparities in lung cancer survival rates.
A Mediterranean-type diet was not associated with a delay in the clinical onset of Huntington's disease, according to a study. High dairy consumption and caloric intake were found to increase the risk of phenoconversion. The study suggests that modifying specific components of the diet may help delay the onset of the disease.
A meta-analysis of nine studies found that extremely preterm infant survivors have a substantial likelihood of developing moderate to severe impairment. The study also showed a statistically significant absolute decrease in impairment between each week of gestation, suggesting improved outcomes as gestational age advances.
Researchers at the University of Hawaii Cancer Center discovered that higher consumption of fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of invasive bladder cancer in women. The study found significant associations between increased intake of yellow-orange vegetables and lower bladder cancer risk among female participants.
A new study published in BMC Public Health reveals that volunteering is associated with improvements in mental health and increased life satisfaction. Volunteers reported lower levels of depression and enhanced well-being, although the exact mechanisms underlying these benefits are unclear.
UK research found that half of all seven year olds are sedentary for six to seven hours a day, with only half reaching the recommended minimum of moderate to vigorous physical activity. Girls, children of Indian ethnic origin, and those in Northern Ireland were the least active.
A new study finds that obesity is responsible for 18% of deaths among Black and White Americans aged 40-85, nearly triple previous estimates. The condition's impact on mortality varies by age, birth cohort, sex, and race.
A study found that 75% of expert panel members had industry ties, with median seven companies represented, and 76% of recent guideline publications had a similar proportion. The study highlights the potential impact of conflicts on disease definition changes, sparking concerns about current processes.
A study by Indiana University found that higher-performing elementary school students received more diverse and abundant resources from their parents, including extracurricular activities and networking opportunities. Lower-performing students, however, only received targeted resources to improve their academic performance.
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that the setting of scientific peer review panels, such as using teleconferencing technology, has little effect on the outcome of the review process. The researchers reviewed over 1,600 grant applications and found that panelists engaged less discussion during teleconference reviews.
A study by UC San Diego engineers found that dirty solar panels in California lost only 7.4% of their efficiency after 145 days without cleaning, resulting in a mere $20 gain in electricity production. For larger systems, the financial losses are still relatively small.
Researchers investigated rapamycin's effects on aging in mice, finding that it extends lifespan but has only limited impacts on the aging process. The study assessed over 150 traits and found positive effects on memory impairments and red blood cell counts, but no significant impact on wear and tear or disease risk.
A significant association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring conduct problems was observed among genetically related and unrelated mothers. Conduct disorder is a significant concern globally, and the study sheds light on prenatal risk factors for child psychological problems.
Researchers found that COPD increases the risk of developing cerebral microbleeds in deep or infratentorial brain regions. The study also showed that COPD is associated with both large and small vessel disease, indicating a potential impact on overall vascular health.
A recent study found that vitamin D-deficient older individuals are more likely to struggle with everyday tasks and experience physical decline. The researchers suggest that vitamin D supplementation could help prevent these issues, but further studies are needed to confirm the findings.
Prosthetic valve endocarditis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and early surgery does not appear to reduce one-year mortality compared to medical therapy. Approximately one-third of patients die within one year after diagnosis, mainly due to complications such as S aureus infection.
A study published in The Lancet found that individuals born between 1915 and 1998 showed better cognitive abilities and daily functioning compared to those born between 1905 and 1998. This improvement was seen despite slightly lower educational attainment in the older cohort.
A large UK cohort study found that children born through assisted reproduction have no higher cancer risk than naturally conceived children. However, rare cancer types were associated with low birth weight and small absolute excess risks.
The study identified 16 new genetic associations related to pollen, dust-mite, and cat allergies, highlighting key pathways in the biological basis of common allergies. This research provides a significant step towards understanding the genetic link between allergens and allergic reactions.
A study analyzing 35,191 patients with coronary heart disease found that about one-third of those who achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals underwent repeat lipid testing. This may result in significant healthcare resource overuse and waste, estimated to cost around $203,990 annually in one VA network.
Researchers found a significant association between grandparents' and grandchildren's social class positions, even after parents' education and income were considered. The 'grandparents effect' suggests that grandparents' class background influences children's occupational choices.
A study of 7268 participants found that individuals who reported stress affecting their health were twice as likely to have or die from a heart attack. The researchers suggest that patients' perceptions of stress impact on their health can be an accurate predictor of coronary disease.
Diabetes-related mortality in UK and Canada has declined significantly since the mid-1990s, with a narrowing of the gap in mortality risk between those with and without diabetes. The excess risk of mortality for diabetic patients decreased over time, with notable reductions in all age groups.
A new study finds a U-shaped association between fish consumption and atrial fibrillation risk, with moderate intakes offering the greatest protection. The lowest risk was found in individuals consuming around 0.63g of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids per day, corresponding to two servings of fatty fish per week.
Researchers found significant declines in diabetes-related mortality in the UK and Canada since the mid-1990s. The excess risk of mortality for diabetic patients decreased by 25%-40% across all age groups, with the greatest reductions seen among younger individuals.
A new test can identify pregnant women at risk of developing gestational diabetes by measuring biomarker levels during the first trimester. Women with elevated levels of the soluble (pro)renin receptor were more likely to develop gestational diabetes.
A recent study found that calcium supplements, especially those containing up to 1,000 mg per day, can lower the risk of death among women. The benefit was seen regardless of whether the supplement contained vitamin D.
A study of 80 patients found that 42.5% had no obstruction, 23% had reversible obstruction, and only 35% had non-reversible obstruction, suggesting widespread misdiagnosis of COPD. The study highlights the importance of spirometry in confirming diagnosis and reducing unnecessary medical expenses.
A study of older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) found that new use of long-acting bronchodilators was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. The study suggests that close monitoring of COPD patients taking these medications is necessary to mitigate this risk.
A new study of almost 100,000 patients found that women with severe injuries were significantly less likely to be treated in a trauma center compared to men. The study also revealed differences in treatment patterns among women aged 65 or older and those with fall-related or motor vehicle-related injuries.
Researchers have identified a potential new risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea: asthma. The study, which followed 1,500 participants over eight years, found that patients with asthma were 1.70 times more likely to develop sleep apnea. Childhood-onset asthma was associated with an even stronger link to sleep apnea.
A study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that consuming sugar-sweetened drinks increases the risk of developing kidney stones. On the other hand, beverages like coffee, tea, and orange juice are associated with a lower risk of stone formation.
A large prospective study of 1000 patients found significantly reduced major CIED infections with TYRX AIGISRx Antibacterial Envelope, down to 95% fewer than control cohorts. The study also showed no unanticipated serious AIGISRx-related adverse events.
A new study published in Diabetologia found that growing up in areas with high air pollution increases the risk of insulin resistance in children. The research used data from two prospective German birth cohort studies and found a significant association between air pollution exposure and increased levels of insulin resistance.
A prospective study by Brigham and Women's Hospital researchers observed an association between a history of non-melanoma skin cancer and increased risk of breast, lung, and melanoma cancers. The study found that people with non-melanoma skin cancer had a modestly increased risk of getting these cancers in the future.
Long-term exposure to air pollution may accelerate atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Fine particulate air pollution was found to be associated with faster thickening of the inner two layers of the common carotid artery.
A matched cohort study found that MACE service patients had lower adverse event rates and shorter hospital stays compared to usual care. Functional status did not differ between groups, but MACE service showed better Care Transition Measure scores.
A Vanderbilt University Medical Center study found that physical activity is not a significant factor in health disparities between African-Americans and whites. Sedentary behaviors, such as sitting and screen time, were linked to poorer health outcomes more than physical activity.
A large cohort study found that long-term exposure to fine particle matter and road traffic noise are associated with atherosclerosis. Exposure to PM2.5 and proximity to major roads increased aortic calcification, while night time noise also showed a borderline increase in thoracic aorta calcification.
Two studies presented at EuroPRevent 2013 found that physically demanding work increases the risk of coronary heart disease. The research suggests that job strain and high physical demands may exacerbate cardiovascular risks, even when leisure-time activity is taken into account.
Researchers found a strong association between spinal posture and dependency in activities of daily living (ADL), with those in the highest quartiles having 3.47 times higher risk of dependence. Spinal measurements were taken using a computer-assisted noninvasive device, and data from 804 participants aged 65+ were analyzed.
A new Northwestern Medicine study found that both black and white Americans have a similar lifetime risk of heart failure, ranging from 20 to 45 percent. The study explored the long-term risk of heart failure in different race groups and found that higher blood pressure and body mass index increased the risk.
Researchers found an independent association between decreased melatonin secretion and increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes. Lower nocturnal melatonin secretion was associated with increased insulin resistance in women, doubling their estimated diabetes incidence rate compared to those with higher melatonin secretion.
A new study reveals obstructive sleep apnea is associated with ADHD-like behaviors and other adaptive learning problems in children. Children with persistent sleep apnea were seven times more likely to have parent-reported learning problems.
The AAN has released an evidence-based guideline for evaluating and managing athletes with suspected concussions. The new guideline emphasizes that any athlete suspected of experiencing a concussion should immediately be removed from play, and recommends concussion and return to play assessments be done individually. Athletes under hig...
The redesigned Sapien XT valve demonstrated low 30-day death and stroke rates, with an all-cause mortality rate of 3.5% for the new device and 5.1% for the original model. Stroke rates were also significantly lower in both groups.
A new study found that adult sleepwalking is associated with increased daytime sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and altered quality of life. The study involved 100 adult patients and a control group, revealing that 22.8% experienced nightly episodes and 43.5% weekly episodes.
A new study found that low-birth-weight newborns with enlarged ventricles on an ultrasound are seven times more likely to be diagnosed with autism later in life. The research suggests that an early brain abnormality may indicate a higher risk of developing autism.
A study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that reduced lung function in infancy is associated with wheezing beyond childhood. The study, which followed participants from birth to age 18, suggests that early airway function and later exposures such as smoking may contribute to the development of obstructive respiratory diseases.
Women who took folic acid supplements from four weeks before conception to eight weeks into pregnancy had a 40 per cent lower risk of giving birth to children with childhood autism. The findings only apply to a lower risk of childhood autism, the most severe form of autism.
A large-scale study found that hospitals with around-the-clock labor and delivery coverage had lower cesarean delivery rates and higher trial of labor after cesarean success rates. Women with previous cesarean births were more likely to attempt vaginal birth in these hospitals.
A large cohort study found that women who had small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants in their first pregnancy have a strongly increased risk of SGA in their second pregnancy. The study analyzed data from the Netherlands Perinatal Registry and found that 23.2% of women with a previous SGA baby went on to have an SGA infant in their sub...
A large population-based cohort study of 7,500 men in Sweden found that permanent stress increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. The study showed that men who reported permanent stress had a significantly higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with no or periodic stress.
The UK government has invested £3.5 million in the Millennium Cohort Study to track the lives of 19,000 children born in 2000-01 as they enter adolescence. The study aims to understand risk behaviors, educational choices, and social relationships among teens.
A new study reveals a high rate of sleep disorders and short sleep duration among active duty military personnel, posing significant risks to accidents and long-term health. The majority of participants (85.1 percent) had a clinically relevant sleep disorder, with OSA being the most frequent diagnosis.
A new study from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found chronic kidney disease is associated with a higher risk of death and end-stage renal disease for both women and men. The study analyzed data from over 2 million participants worldwide, including a diverse population of women making up 54% of the cohort.
A study published in Annals of Neurology found that diets high in carotenoids, particularly beta-carotene and lutein, were linked to reduced risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The researchers also discovered that individuals with higher intake of antioxidants had a lower ALS risk.
A large study found that erectile dysfunction severity corresponds to increased risk of cardiovascular disease hospitalization and all-cause mortality in men. The study analyzed data from over 95,000 men and found significant associations between ED severity and CVD risk, even among those without known CVD.
Researchers warn that climate change, combined with human-driven factors, could significantly reduce usable groundwater availability for agriculture worldwide. Inadequate monitoring and mismanagement of groundwater usage will exacerbate the issue, compromising global food security.