A study in Vietnam found that invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) infections have a high mortality rate, particularly among HIV-infected adults. iNTS is most commonly diagnosed in men with a history of intravenous drug use and is caused by specific serovars such as S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium.
A Virginia Tech researcher found that students from low-income families and those living in the Northeast, South, and rural America are most susceptible to obesity due to government-funded school meal programs. Long-term participation posed the largest risk of being overweight.
Scientists from the University of Warsaw have demonstrated that turbulence can be detected using existing navigation data, which could allow pilots to avoid turbulence and forecast its occurrences. The new method uses flight parameters broadcast by commercial aircraft and has shown accuracy of only 20 km.
Researchers have identified two Zika proteins responsible for thousands of microcephaly cases in Brazil and elsewhere. These proteins stunt brain development and promote autophagy, leading to reduced neural stem cell differentiation and growth.
Researchers found that ground-nesting bees were the most abundant insects in corn and soybean fields, accounting for 65% of total pollinators. The study suggests that adopting no-till practices and programs like STRIPS could benefit pollinators, potentially increasing yields by up to 6%.
A new system has been developed at MIT that allows glass to rapidly switch from transparent to dark, and vice versa, using electrochromic materials. This technology has the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption by blocking sunlight on hot days.
A new UTSA study by Huy Le identifies key predictors of student success in the STEM field, such as interest and ability. The research aims to encourage educators and counselors to support potential STEM candidates early on.
Researchers identified human remains on Oronsay island from the Late Mesolithic era, shedding light on Britain's transition to agriculture. The study used innovative bone collagen analysis techniques to determine species and diet of prehistoric groups.
Researchers have developed a new strategy to probe the nature of gravity and dark energy by studying the empty spaces in between galaxies. The study found that analyzing cosmic voids improves measurements of how visible matter clusters together, bringing astronomers closer to testing Einstein's general theory of relativity.
Ancient Venus may have had a shallow liquid-water ocean and a habitable surface due to its slow spin, which exposed the dayside to sunlight for almost two months at a time. This warmed the surface and created rain, leading to a thick layer of clouds that shielded the surface from solar heating.
Unproven stem cell therapies are on the rise for lung disease patients, despite promise of new treatments. Researchers warn that aggressive marketing and lack of regulation are exacerbating perceptions of these therapies.
A new study has discovered that fatty acids on water droplets react with sunlight to form organic molecules, challenging conventional wisdom. This process could significantly impact local ozone and particle formation, affecting climate, air quality, and health.
Researchers found that crown gall tumors host a unique bacterial community with varying compositions compared to healthy vines. Some bacteria inhibit tumor growth while others provide protection and nutrients, helping control the disease.
Researchers at Stowers Institute have identified a key molecule, EGFR-3, that directs planarian stem cells to make copies of themselves. The discovery has important implications for advancing regenerative medicine and developing effective cancer therapies.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have determined the structure of Eag1, a cancer-linked potassium channel, using cryo-electron microscopy. The study reveals key differences between Eag1 and other potassium channels, shedding light on its molecular mechanisms and potential role in cancer.
A study by Duke University researchers found that manipulating dopamine signaling can control inflammation in the gut, providing a proof of principle for using drugs originally designed to target the nervous system to treat immune system disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune disease.
A UTA researcher is working on an automated system that will analyze patients' thought records for improved diagnosis and treatment of depression. The system aims to make therapy more effective by providing doctors with real-time insights into patients' thoughts, behaviors, and progress.
New research challenges conventional wisdom on backup plans, finding they can cause people to work less hard and achieve primary goals less successfully. Researchers suggest understanding potential costs, but also encourage strategic planning to mitigate these effects.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new technique called RetroScope, which can recover multiple previous screens of an Android app from the phone's memory image. The technique uses the device's graphical rendering code to obtain and bring up several previous screens shown by an app.
Research finds that mismatch between unconscious needs and job demands can cause burnout. A new study reveals that employees with unmet affiliation or power motives are at risk of burnout. The study's findings suggest that interventions targeting these mismatches could increase well-being at work.
Scientists have developed a multi-view microscope that captures higher-resolution images of live cells and tissues without increasing radiation exposure. The new system uses computation to fuse images and achieve double the volumetric resolution of traditional methods.
Researchers found that bumblebees are attracted to CMV-infected tomato and Arabidopsis plants, leading to increased seed production. Buzz pollination, a process where bees vibrate flowers to release pollen, enhances fertilization rates in infected plants.
Two-part series of studies examines health behaviors and management challenges in spinal cord injury patients, highlighting strategies for overcoming obstacles and improving quality of life. Recent research findings emphasize the importance of proactive health management and resilience after a spinal cord injury.
An orangutan was found to be able to predict the taste of new juice mixes without tasting them, mirroring human affective forecasting ability. This study suggests that this cognitive skill may not be exclusive to humans and could be shared with other animals.
A study published in the European Journal of Political Economy found that countries negotiating with terrorists faced up to 87% more kidnappings. Dr. Todd Sandler's research analyzed politically motivated kidnappings worldwide between 1978 and 2013, concluding that concessions lead to more abductions.
Female domestic cats distinguish between kitten calls conveying different levels of urgency and react accordingly, researchers found. In contrast, male cats do not exhibit a similar response to kitten calls regardless of the level of urgency.
The Independent Data Monitoring Committee approved PharmaMar's CORAIL study of PM1183 in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. The pivotal Phase III trial evaluates the efficacy of PM1183 compared to standard treatments.
Eight people with spinal cord injuries regained partial sensation and muscle control in their lower limbs after training with brain-controlled robotics. The research, led by Miguel Nicolelis, offers promise for regaining strength, mobility, and independence for those with spinal cord injury, stroke, and other conditions.
In a study, magpies won the race for Cheetos, completing tasks faster than crows. However, crows stole food more frequently, suggesting that the smaller birds may not compensate with increased foraging efforts. The findings highlight the complex relationship between competition and cooperation in urban ecosystems.
Researchers have identified a potential antifungal mechanism by targeting mitochondrial respiration in pathogenic fungi, which could enable combination therapy with fluconazole and prevent drug resistance. The approach has shown promise in treating severe invasive fungal infections, including those caused by Candida albicans.
A new study suggests that the risk of sports fans catching dengue fever during the Olympics is very low. According to mathematical modelling, only 23 tourists may bring home the illness and 206 catch it with no symptoms.
A recent study by the University of California - Davis Health found that Hispanic men in California have lower rates of screening for colorectal cancer compared to white men. The study suggests that increased screening can help reduce the incidence and mortality rates of the disease among this population.
Researchers at Iowa State University are developing an extreme quantum terahertz nanoscope to study materials at unprecedented scales of space, time and energy. The instrument will enable the discovery of new states of matter and manipulate electrons with minimal heating.
A simple phone checklist can help detect telltale changes in health status of people receiving nonmedical home care, according to a pilot study. Changes in clinical status occur relatively common, with 2% of caregiver shifts and 2% of recipients affected.
Combining virtual reality and treadmill training reduces fall rates in older adults, with a 42% decrease in the virtual reality plus treadmill group compared to treadmill training alone. This intervention has potential as part of prevention packages for falls risk before injuries occur.
A new study found that plants adapt differently to elevated CO2 levels depending on the diversity of surrounding plant species. The research tested Kentucky bluegrasses exposed to high and low CO2 levels in different communities, revealing that adaptation benefits disappear when experiencing a change in neighborhood diversity.
A study led by Case Western Reserve University researchers has identified a gene, S100P, that may help tumors evade trastuzumab, a common breast cancer treatment. By blocking S100P, tumor cells became sensitive to the drug again.
Researchers demonstrate that groups of activated neurons can form the basic building blocks of learning and memory. They used optogenetic tools to control and observe brain activity in living mice, finding that neural ensembles can be artificially implanted and replayed.
The National Institutes of Health awards a four-year grant to analyze the molecular signals influencing gene-expression patterns that can lead to heart disease. The research aims to understand the mechanisms of cardiac diseases and identify potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers from Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience developed a spatiotemporally controlled method to induce and visualize synapse formation in cortical neurons. The study reveals that GABA is the common molecule setting the balance between inhibitory and excitatory synaptic contacts in early postnatal stages.
Scientists have dissected the autophagy process in unprecedented molecular detail using live imaging and super resolution microscopy. The study reveals how the first autophagy structure forms and clarifies protein and membrane associations leading to its development into a fully-fledged autophagosome.
A recent Cornell University study suggests that circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) may be a biomarker of differences in the gut microbiome rather than a cause of heart disease. Researchers found that healthy men with elevated TMAO levels after consuming eggs and beef also had high counts of firmicutes, a type of bacteria that co...
Several southeastern US ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate change, including Caribbean coastal mangrove, Edwards Plateau limestone shrubland, and southern Appalachian balds. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and rising sea levels pose significant threats to these ecosystems.
A lower blood pressure target than the currently guideline-recommended goal of 140/90 mm Hg was found to be safe and associated with protection against premature death. This strategy also protected against kidney failure in patients with higher levels of proteinuria.
Researchers from Queensland University of Technology have captured the first videos of a coral's bleaching behavior, showing how it employs pulsed inflation to expel Symbiodinium algae. The study suggests that this rapid expulsion may increase the coral's chance of survival during abnormally high sea temperatures.
A recent study examined telephone calls received by a regional sexual assault hotline, revealing that 40.7% of callers were victims themselves, with most calls reporting sexual assault with physical contact. The study emphasizes the need for training in handling both immediate and long-term emotional impacts of sexual assault.
Researchers at Drexel University used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure brain activity while participants navigated a college campus with Google Glass. They found that users had higher situation awareness and lower mental workload than those using an iPhone, but also experienced cognitive tunneling.
Duke researchers have successfully converted mouse fibroblasts into neuronal cells using a modified CRISPR technique. This breakthrough could lead to improved models for neurological disorders and personalized medicine. The study's findings suggest that the newly generated neurons retain their properties even after the CRISPR activator...
A large-scale study found that both high and low levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of premature death. Intermediate levels, however, may increase longevity. The research used data from over 1.7 million male veterans and showed a U-shaped curve relationship between HDL cholesterol levels and mortality.
A new species of rain frog, named Sleeping beauty rain frog, has been discovered in the Peruvian central Andes. The frog features bright red coloration on its groins, shanks, and thighs, distinguishing it from other related frogs.
Researchers developed a new method to capture three views simultaneously, producing more detailed perspectives of bacteria and living cells. The technique improved volumetric resolution by up to 235nm, doubling the resolution of traditional methods.
A review article explores regenerative medicine techniques in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, including stem cells, growth factors, and synthetic scaffolds. The study suggests that these methods may improve outcomes and cost-effectiveness while minimizing risks.
A new study reports that Greenland sharks live at least 272 years and reach sexual maturity at 156 years old. The species now holds the record for the longest-lived vertebrate on Earth.
Decades of research on nearly 200,000 survivors and their children reveal cancer rates are not as dire as previously thought. Cancer incidence among survivors was only 10% higher than non-exposed populations, with most receiving a relatively modest dose of radiation.
Researchers from the Walk Again Project have reported significant recovery of neurological function in paraplegic patients who trained with a brain-controlled system. Patients regained leg muscle movement, touch sensation, and bladder/bowel control, with some experiencing improved cardiovascular function.
The IMERG data revealed the most extreme rainfall fell over the northern Gulf of Mexico, with estimates suggesting 20-35 inches of precipitation. Heavy rainfall and flooding have affected parts of Florida, Louisiana, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast.
Scientists have found fossil evidence of cannibalism among 300-million-year-old Orthacanthus sharks. The ancient predators used coastal swamps as nurseries for their babies before turning on them when resources became scarce.
Researchers found that angiogenin promotes hematopoietic regeneration by dichotomously regulating quiescence of stem and progenitor cells. ANG simultaneously reduces proliferation of stem cells and promotes proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells, which give rise to mature myeloid cells.
A large study found that maintaining intermediate levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol may help people live longer. The study, which included 1.7 million US male veterans, discovered a U-shaped relationship between HDL-C and mortality risk, with low and high levels being associated with higher risks.
A new study reconstructs virtual brains from ancient primate skulls, showing that early primates developed larger brains after specialization in vision and neurological functions. The findings suggest that modern primates' large brains are a result of evolutionary adaptations rather than innate traits.
A University of Kansas study suggests people can distinguish between social media and face-to-face interactions, with most interactions being in-person. Most social media activities, such as 'liking' posts, are considered passive behaviors.
Wildlife-friendly farming schemes have been shown to boost UK moth populations by 40% on wide grass margins and up to 40% for specialized chalk grassland moths when habitats are created close to existing chalk grasslands. These findings support the conservation benefits of agri-environment schemes.
A team of Dutch hackers used a new attack technique called Flip Feng Shui (FSS) to alter the memory of virtual machines in the cloud without a software bug. This allows attackers to crack secured virtual machines or install malware undetected.
A multinational study of over 4,700 children aged 9-11 years found a significant link between maternal gestational diabetes and childhood obesity. The researchers discovered that children of mothers with gestational diabetes had a 53% higher risk of obesity, 73% for central obesity, and 42% for high body fat.
A recent study on the internal anatomy of a fossil human relative's heel bone reveals greater similarities with gorillas than chimpanzees. The researchers discovered that this fossil, from the StW 352 Australopithecus africanus, exhibited gorilla-like levels of joint mobility and structural reinforcement.
A University of Virginia study found that married individuals tend to drink less frequently and in fewer drinks than single or divorced people. In contrast, singles are more likely to drink more often and in larger quantities. The researchers suggest that intimate relationships may provide a protective effect against excessive drinking.
Research by Salk Institute scientists reveals phaseic acid's unexpected role as a plant hormone crucial for drought resistance and survival traits. The study suggests that phaseic acid may inform the development of new, hardier crops to weather climate change-induced natural disasters.
Researchers found that bilirubin supplementation significantly decreased islet cell death after isolation and nutrient deprivation. The study also showed that bilirubin suppressed the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are foreign cell-fighting immune cells.
A researcher at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso is on a mission to identify genes that enable HIV latentness. He plans to conduct genome-wide knockout screening to find specific genes that allow the virus to persist.
Researchers have successfully treated an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease with mefenamic acid, a commonly used anti-inflammatory drug. The study found complete reversal of memory loss and brain inflammation in mice, paving the way for human trials.
Researchers developed a brain-machine interface to help paraplegic patients regain motor function and sensation in their paralyzed limbs. After a year of training, patients showed significant improvements in bladder and bowel control, cardiovascular function, and even reduced hypertension.
A team of researchers created a highly stretchable touchpad made of hydrogel, enabling users to write words and play electronic games. The device was tested with users placing it on their arms, demonstrating its potential applications in wearable technology.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University found that cold plasma can promote bone formation by enhancing cell/matrix attachments and increasing focal adhesion kinase activation. The study suggests that the technology could be used to improve bone healing in various medical applications.
A new study has identified a high prevalence of estrogen receptor mutations in patients with metastatic breast cancer, which are linked to poorer outcomes. The research found that 29 percent of patients had a mutation in the estrogen receptor, leading to reduced overall survival rates.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to investigate the impact of spatial structure on cooperation evolution. The study found that lattices can hinder cooperation, contrary to previous pairwise interaction-based theories.
Young men in Britain are turning to gym culture as a way to feel valuable, as traditional routes to success have been eroded by austerity. This phenomenon, known as 'spornosexuality', is marked by the sharing of worked-out bodies on social media platforms.
A new study found that individuals in Chicago who received temporary financial assistance were 76% less likely to enter a shelter. The researchers also found that subgroups such as single adults, males, and callers under 30 benefited most from the financial assistance.
Scientists have described a new species of earth snake from the mountains of Puebla and Veracruz in east-central Mexico. Genetic data and anatomical examination reveal that these snakes are remarkably similar to each other, but molecular analyses and rigorous specimen examination have come close to understanding their diversity.
A study by University of Notre Dame researchers found that emergency financial assistance from call centers successfully prevents homelessness. The study showed that people who received aid were 76% less likely to enter a shelter within six months compared to those who did not receive aid.
Researchers have found that AGGF1 promotes therapeutic angiogenesis through autophagy, increasing the number of mice that survive after acute heart attacks. Treatment with AGGF1 also improves cardiac functions and reduces scarring in the heart.
Researchers are developing 3D printed tissues, including skin, bone, cartilage, and bladder models. Organs-on-a-chip systems mimic human tissue structure and function, allowing for the study of physiological differences and drug screening.
Researchers analyzed thousands of insect species records to find areas of endemism, where unique animals and plants reside. The study highlights the importance of considering smaller organisms like insects when categorizing ecosystems.
Researchers have discovered the DNA of a fungus that causes black Sigatoka disease in bananas, which could lead to more effective disease control methods. The findings provide insights into the interaction between the fungus and banana plants, offering opportunities for developing resistant banana crops.
A new cost-effectiveness tool provides guidance on preventing and treating rheumatic heart disease, recommending prioritization of primary prevention services. The tool suggests that prevention is more cost-effective than treatment, with primary prevention being likely to be cost-saving in the long-term.
The new guidelines recommend comprehensive management of TB, including directly observed therapy, for all TB patients. Prompt initiation of anti-retroviral therapy during TB treatment can save lives.
Researchers found brain activity patterns varied with brain region and circadian rhythms, affecting performance and psychiatric symptoms. The study sheds light on why shift workers struggle to concentrate and why sleep loss impacts attention.
Plant scientists found that the cucumber mosaic virus alters gene expression in tomato plants, changing their scent to attract bumblebees. This indirect manipulation may help the virus spread pollen of susceptible plants, benefiting both the plant and the virus.
A new study reveals that beach salinity is increasing due to evaporation, affecting invertebrates such as mussels and crabs. The findings suggest that temperature rise and relative humidity are the primary drivers of this change, with implications for animal migration and survival.
The project aims to investigate the effectiveness of giving communities access to low-cost portable air pollution monitoring devices in improving air quality and addressing environmental justice concerns. The researchers will educate adults, facilitate cross-community collaboration, and encourage beneficial policy decisions.