Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
A new study from McMaster University highlights the importance of public health messaging to South Asian women who are considering pregnancy. The research found that a healthy diet and pre-pregnancy weight can significantly decrease gestational diabetes risk, with approximately one-third of cases preventable.
A new study found that dog walking increases physical activity levels in older adults, even on cold and wet days. Dog owners were sedentary for 30 minutes less per day, on average.
A new study by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health finds that cumulative weight gain over the course of early and middle adulthood may increase health risks later in life, including a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. The study suggests that even moderate weight gain can ha...
A study led by Queen Mary University of London predicts organ failure in critically injured patients based on the early immune response to trauma. The research identified specific genes involved in the immediate response, which may help determine which patients are at risk of developing Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS).
Patients with opioid use disorder on buprenorphine are at significantly higher risk of death when in and out of treatment. The study found a 2.6 times increased risk of mortality compared to individuals without addiction issues during the same time period.
A Sam Houston State University study found that half of witnesses did not select anyone from the lineup, with 78% accuracy when a selection was made. The results show challenges in identifying suspects, particularly for witnesses of different races or ethnicities and those exposed to guns.
A UCSF-led study found that crowdsourced data may not be representative of certain populations, such as older adults and racial/ethnic minorities. The study suggests that proactive efforts are needed to promote inclusion of underrepresented groups in projects using crowdsourced recruitment and data collection.
A recent study published in the SiRENE project found that transportation noise exposure is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Road noise was particularly critical, increasing the risk of myocardial infarction by 4% per 10 decibel increase. Noise also disrupts sleep patterns, which can negatively ...
A large-scale study of women carrying faults in cancer genes found that family history, gene position, and precise mutation type impact cancer risk. Estimates provide more confidence for counselling and clinical management.
A nationwide study in Sweden found that specific antipsychotic agents and routes of administration impact the risk of rehospitalization and treatment failure among patients with schizophrenia. The research highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches to optimize patient outcomes.
A Danish nationwide population-based cohort study found mortality increases by 60-80% after 8-10 years post-heart bypass surgery. The study showed that the prognosis for patients who undergo successful surgery is similar to that of the general population until this point.
A 10-year Vanderbilt University Medical Center study disputes the long-held notion that uterine fibroids increase the risk of miscarriage. Contrary to previous research, women with fibroids have an identical risk of miscarriage as those without them when accounting for other pregnancy loss factors.
A recent analysis found that individuals with debilitating pain had a higher risk of dying during the study. Those with severe pain interference reported significantly increased risks of mortality.
A new study from McMaster University found that ethnicity and breastfeeding practices independently affect the gut microbiota in infants as young as one year old. The research revealed a higher abundance of lactic acid bacteria in South Asians and Clostridia in white Caucasians, suggesting potential links to future health issues such a...
Researchers found that higher body mass index (BMI) can cause worse cardiovascular health in young adults as young as 17, according to a study using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The study suggests that tackling obesity from an early age may help prevent cardiovascular changes that are precursors to car...
Researchers found that statin users had improved left ventricular mass and volume, and reduced thickened heart muscle and large heart chambers. This suggests that statins may lower the risk of future heart attacks, heart failure, or stroke by reversing negative changes in the heart.
Two large US studies found a significant association between high fiber intake and reduced risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. High cereal fiber intake was also linked to lower worsening knee pain.
A recent research review found that moderate drinking has little support for preventing heart disease. In fact, seniors who drink moderately may be healthier due to their age and health status. However, the association between moderate drinking and better health may be misleading due to factors such as age and overall health.
Replacing one serving of sugar-sweetened soft drink or beer with a glass of water daily can lower the incidence of obesity. Drinking water instead of beer was found to reduce obesity risk by 20%, while substituting other sugary drinks showed no significant effect.
A new study by Johns Hopkins University found that once-formidable disparities between black and white families living in subsidized housing have largely vanished. Black and white children who grew up in such housing fared similarly in education, employment, and earnings.
A study found that retirement lowers biological stress levels in higher-status jobs, but increases them in lower-status jobs. This widening of the socio-economic-health gradient could contribute to rising health inequalities in old age.
Researchers found that phthalate exposure during pregnancy and breastfeeding can lead to epigenetic modifications in children, increasing the risk of developing allergic asthma. The study also showed that the effects are not limited to the child, as the offspring of exposed mothers continued to be affected even after birth.
A recent analysis of data from a critical epidemiological study found no association between formaldehyde exposure and acute myeloid leukemia. The study's findings contradict previous studies that reported associations between formaldehyde exposure and certain types of leukemia.
A large Danish cohort study found that antibiotic use is associated with lower enterolignan concentrations in the blood, especially for women. The study suggests that antibiotics can negatively affect intestinal bacteria's ability to metabolize plant lignans into enterolignans.
Researchers discovered rare genetic variants on chromosomes 4 and 7 linked to extended survival and lower risks of cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's. The study highlights the importance of studying rare cases to identify combinations of common and rare variants associated with extreme longevity.
Research found that drinking at least one artificially sweetened beverage a day increased the risk of developing ischemic stroke by three times and Alzheimer's disease dementia by 2.9 times compared to less frequent consumption. The study highlights the need for more research into this area.
Research suggests that high levels of traffic-related air pollution can lead to lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, also known as "good" cholesterol. This can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease by reducing the number and functionality of HDL particles.
A recent study found that women with overactive bladder who received antimuscarinics were 38% more likely to develop depressive disorder within three years. The use of these drugs was associated with an increased risk of depression, highlighting the need for careful monitoring and consideration of alternative treatment options.
A recent study found that women with overactive bladder who received antimuscarinics were 38% more likely to develop depressive disorder within three years. The use of these drugs was associated with a higher risk of depression despite their ability to improve bladder symptoms by blocking muscarinic receptors.
A study found that real-world massage therapy produced clinically meaningful improvements in low back pain for primary care patients, with significant effects seen in adults from baby-boom and older generations. However, the benefits were not retained over time for obese patients, while those taking opioids showed less improvement.
Research published in Occupational & Environmental Medicine found a doubling of ALS risk among men exposed to very low frequency electromagnetic fields at work. High levels of exposure were associated with nearly twice the likelihood of developing the disease.
A recent study published in JAMA Neurology found that vitamin E and selenium supplements did not prevent dementia in asymptomatic older men. The study involved over 7,500 participants who took the supplements for an average of five years, but showed no significant reduction in dementia incidence among the groups.
A recent Henry Ford Health study suggests that age is not a factor in the success of shoulder replacement surgery. The research analyzed data from patients under 65 and those older than 75 with osteoarthritis, finding that both groups experienced significant improvement in shoulder function after surgery.
Research suggests that temporary episodes of dizziness upon standing may cause lasting damage to the brain, increasing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Middle-aged individuals with orthostatic hypotension were 40% more likely to develop dementia than those without it.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa are at high risk of developing hypertension, which can lead to cardiovascular disease. The study suggests integrating routine hypertension screening into HIV clinics and expanding access to antihypertensive medications.
According to the study, Americans had sex about nine fewer times per year in 2010-2014 compared to 1995-1999. The decline is attributed to birth cohort, with later-born generations having sex less often than those born earlier.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology suggests that increased physical activity and lower body mass index (BMI) are associated with a reduced risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a subtype of heart failure. The research, which pooled data from three cohort studies invol...
A new study called Latino Core aims to learn about the aging process and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease in older Latino adults. The study will enroll over 300 participants and include yearly visits, memory exams, and brain donation to understand the pathophysiology of dementia in this population.
A study of almost 700 youth handball players found that a sudden increase in training and matches can lead to shoulder injuries. The risk is highest if the player's load is increased by more than 60% compared to the previous week.
A new UBC study reveals that gamblers who feel immersed in slot machines are more likely to have gambling problems. The research suggests that designing slots with eye-catching messages and disrupting the 'slot machine zone' state can promote more responsible play.
A large study found that long-term estrogen-based hormone therapy reduced the risk of Alzheimer's disease and improved cognitive function in postmenopausal women. The protective effect may depend on starting hormone therapy at the time of menopause, when neurons are healthy.
A new Brown University study found that SNAP benefits increase a household's overall spending on food each month, with an equivalent cash benefit leading to much smaller increases in food spending. Households receiving $100 in SNAP benefits spend around $50 more on food each month.
A new analysis of eight studies reveals that elderly individuals who experience a hip fracture are at higher risk of dying in the short term after the injury. Long-term risks also exist, with fractures linked to nearly twofold increased risk of dying eight years or more after the injury.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that lower socioeconomic position is associated with higher adult body mass index (BMI) across generations. The association increased with age and was stronger in women than men, highlighting the need for early interventions to reduce BMI inequalities.
A large study of over 9,000 men has established harmonized reference ranges for total testosterone, enabling clinicians to diagnose hypogonadism correctly. The normal range for testosterone in non-obese European and American men between 19-39 years is 264-916 ng/dL.
A new study has found that increasing intake of EPA and DHA omega-3s can help reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, particularly among populations with high triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels. The study analyzed data from 93,000 and 732,000 subjects across 18 randomized controlled trials and 16 prospective cohort studies.
A study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that alcohol abuse increases the risk of atrial fibrillation, heart attack and congestive heart failure, similar to other well-established risk factors. The researchers analyzed data from California residents with ambulatory surgery or emergency care and found...
A Geisinger-Regeneron genomics study found that Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is more common than thought, with 1 in every 256 people carrying a disease-causing mutation. The study identified 35 mutations causing FH and found many patients were undertreated due to lack of genetic confirmation.
A healthy diet has been linked to a reduced risk of early death in patients with chronic kidney disease. The study analyzed 7 studies involving 15,285 participants and found that healthy dietary patterns were consistently associated with a 20-30% lower rate of mortality.
The study found that benzodiazepine and related drug use increased the risk of hip fracture by 43% in persons with Alzheimer's disease. Long-term hospital stays after hip fractures were also more common among those who used these drugs.
A RAND Corporation study found that 20% of US households view having a landline as the most important telecommunications choice. In contrast, mobile telephones dominate communications for most people, with 3.5 times more importance than landlines.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center have developed a new tool to predict lung cancer risk in never, light, and heavy smokers. By incorporating various risk factors, the model can better classify those in greatest need of lung cancer screening, thereby reducing unnecessary screenings and false positives.
The PLATINUM DIVERSITY trial found that women and minorities had higher rates of death and myocardial infarction after coronary stent procedures compared to white men. The study also highlighted the need for further research into the causes of these observed gradients of risk.
The largest study to investigate the effects of air pollution and traffic noise found that long-term exposure is linked to a greater incidence of high blood pressure. For every 5 μg/m3 of PM2.5, the risk of hypertension increased by 22% in people living in the most polluted areas.
A new RAND Corporation report reveals that Louisiana teachers are more likely to consult classroom resources and provide instruction aligned with their state standards. This success may offer lessons for other states on how to encourage teacher alignment.
A team of researchers found that widely accepted atrial fibrillation risk prediction algorithms do not accurately predict incidence when applied to electronic medical records. The study suggests that existing models may be incompatible with EMR data, leading to inconsistent predictions and potential misdiagnosis.
A comprehensive analysis of 77 studies found no difference in the work ethic between baby boomers, Generation X, and Millennials. The findings suggest that organizational initiatives targeting generational differences may be unwarranted.
A 13-year study found that nearly doubling ICU ventilation use among advanced-dementia patients did little to improve outcomes, raising concerns about late-life suffering and unnecessary care costs.
A phase I study of BAY 1163877 identified patients who will respond to the pan-FGFR inhibitor based on tumor mRNA expression, with notable activity seen in bladder cancer and adenoid cystic carcinoma. The drug was well-tolerated, revealing a toxicity profile better than other FGFR inhibitors under development.
Researchers found IDH gene mutations to be independently prognostic of overall and progression-free survival in grade II and III gliomas. CIC mutations also showed promise as prognostic markers, although more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.