Hubble's front row seat when galaxies collide
Astronomers observe IRAS 14348-1447, a gas-rich spiral galaxy merger, showcasing intense gravitational interactions. The galaxy's extreme infrared emission is fueled by massive molecular gas reserves.
Science News for January 10, 2017
Landmark study defines normal ranges for testosterone levels
A large study of over 9,000 men has established harmonized reference ranges for total testosterone, enabling clinicians to diagnose hypogonadism correctly. The normal range for testosterone in non-obese European and American men between 19-39 years is 264-916 ng/dL.
SourceThe Endocrine Society·JournalThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism·DateJan 10, 2017
First study to show parents' concerns about neighborhood restrict kids' outdoor play
A new study by LSU Health New Orleans School of Public Health shows that parents' concerns about their neighborhood restrict their children's outdoor play. Parents who do not trust their neighbors or feel they have no control over neighborhood problems are more likely to limit their child's physical activity.
SourceLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center·JournalInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·DateJan 10, 2017
New technology will cut plug-in hybrid fuel consumption by one third
Researchers at UC Riverside developed an innovative energy management system for plug-in hybrids, cutting fuel consumption by over 30% through real-time data analysis. The system combines connected vehicle technology and evolutionary algorithms to optimize power split between engine and battery, achieving greater efficiency.
SourceUniversity of California - Riverside·JournalIEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems·DateJan 10, 2017
Study finds postdoc jobs in biomedicine don't yield positive returns in the labor market
A new study finds that postdoc positions in biomedical careers cost graduates an average of $12,002 per year, leading to a substantial financial penalty over 10 years. The research suggests ways for universities and funding agencies to address these issues.
Zeroing in on the true nature of fluids within nanocapillaries
A group of researchers at the French National Center for Scientific Research discovered a peculiar state of miscible fluids contained within nanochannels. This phenomenon, known as 'microphase separation,' reveals that binary fluids can form unique homogenous liquid phases only at the microscopic scale.
More individual therapy for blood cancer patients
Researchers from Goethe University Frankfurt discovered a novel biomarker, SAMHD1, that enables accurate prediction of therapy responders and non-responders in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. This biomarker can guide cytarabine-based chemotherapies to only those patients likely to respond, sparing others from toxic side effects.
Nothing fishy about better nutrition for mums and babies
A study by University of Adelaide researchers found that adding thiamin to fish sauce improves blood markers of thiamin status, making it a potential means of preventing thiamin deficiency in Cambodia. Thiamin deficiency can lead to serious health issues, including beriberi, which is often fatal in infants if left untreated.
No silver bullet to beating obesity, study finds
A new study published in the International Journal of Epidemiology finds that poverty is a major contributor to obesity, particularly for individuals with a high genetic risk. The research used data from 120,000 individuals and suggests that targeting specific behaviors or environments may not be an effective solution to reducing obesity.
Folic acid supplementation recommended for prevention of neural tube defects
The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) strongly advises all women of childbearing age to take a daily folic acid supplement containing 400-800 μg to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in their developing fetus. This recommendation is based on high certainty that the net benefit is substantial.
UMD researchers share optimistic vision for Paris Climate Agreement
Scientists at UMD developed an empirical model of global climate to analyze the Paris Agreement, suggesting countries can limit warming if they achieve pledged greenhouse gas reductions. The book, Paris Climate Agreement: Beacon of Hope, recommends a transition to renewable energy by 2060 to meet the RCP 4.5 scenario.
New molecular discovery may help identify drug therapies to prevent dementia
Rutgers scientists have discovered a protein (CRTC1) that enhances memory by controlling gene expression in the hippocampus, a brain area responsible for learning and memory. The research found that mice with higher CRTC1 activity had better long-term memory and exhibited stronger gene transcription.
Pretty in pink: Some algae like it cold
Researchers from the University of Cincinnati studied pink snow algae growing on volcanic terrains in the Pacific Northwest, finding it can lower albedo and increase surface melting. The study suggests atmospheric sources of ammonia and nitrate may be driving the growth and survival of these algae.
The importance of making friends fast -- when you're an immigrant
A Concordia University research team found that immigrants' positive orientation toward their new culture is key to forming friendships and social engagement. The study suggests that investing resources in supporting newcomers at the beginning of their integration journey can improve their chances of successful integration.
People with early-onset Parkinson's disease may benefit from boosting niacin in diet
Researchers found that increasing niacin levels boosts NAD compound for energy generation and DNA repair, potentially protecting against Parkinson's. The study suggests repurposing cancer drugs to protect faulty mitochondria in Parkinson's disease.
Bacterial Pac Man molecule snaps at sugar
Researchers discovered a bacterial protein that uses a Pac Man-like chewing motion to grab and hold onto sugar molecules, allowing pathogens to evade the immune system. This understanding could lead to the development of new therapeutics targeting this protein.
Antioxidant may protect offspring of obese mothers from fatty liver disease
New research published in The FASEB Journal suggests that pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) may prevent the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in offspring. PQQ, a naturally occurring antioxidant found in soil and foods, was shown to protect against liver damage and inflammation in mice fed high-fat diets.
SourceFederation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·JournalThe FASEB Journal·DateJan 10, 2017
University of Guelph researchers identify monarch butterfly birthplaces to help conserve species
Researchers analyzed over 1,000 samples to determine the origins of monarch butterflies born in North America. The study found that a larger proportion of monarchs were born outside the Midwestern US than previously thought.
Dual-purpose biofuel crops could extend production, increase profits
Recent research suggests that dual-purpose biofuel crops like sugarcane and sweet sorghum can produce both ethanol and biodiesel for nine months of the year, increasing profits. This technology has the potential to decrease capital utilization costs and increase annual biofuel production by 20-30%.
SourceCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign·JournalIndustrial Biotechnology·DateJan 10, 2017
$10 million CDC grant funds center to fight vector-borne diseases
The Cornell University-led Northeast Regional Center for Excellence in Vector Borne Diseases aims to educate a cadre of vector biologists and public health practitioners through new courses and a master's program. The center will conduct applied research to prevent, control, monitor, track and respond to vector-borne disease outbreaks.
High-sugar diet programs a short lifespan in flies
Researchers found that a high-sugar diet programmed flies' genes for longevity, causing long-term effects even after a healthy diet. The study suggests that dietary history has a lasting impact on health and may have implications for human lifespan.
Airborne thermometer to measure Arctic temperatures
Researchers from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology create a precise method for measuring ocean temperature using Raman spectroscopy, enabling accurate tracking of thermal energy flows in the Arctic. The technique's accuracy is comparable to current direct measurements, opening up new possibilities for monitoring sea surface te...
How to reap the benefits of exercise: It's in the genes
Researchers discovered the TFEB gene plays a central role in regulating muscle metabolism and energy use during exercise. Overexpressing TFEB improved mitochondrial health and increased energy production in mice, suggesting potential new treatments for diseases like diabetes and obesity.
Rapid Arctic warming has in the past shifted Southern Ocean winds
New University of Washington research reveals that rapid Arctic warming events cause a shift in Southern Hemisphere winds, which can impact global rainfall patterns and climate feedbacks. The study uses chemical clues from an Antarctic ice core to support the findings.
Supporting actors take lead role as our brains age
Researchers found that glial cells, which support neurons, undergo significant changes with aging, particularly in brain regions damaged by neurodegenerative diseases. This discovery suggests a new approach to understanding and treating dementia, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases.
Americans more in control of their long-term care
The US has shifted from institutional to community-based long-term care, allowing individuals to choose services at home and in the community. Self-directed care programs improve participant well-being and cost containment, according to The Gerontological Society of America's Public Policy & Aging Report.
National VA effort reduced risky opioid prescriptions for veterans, study finds
A new study finds that the Veterans Health Administration's Opioid Safety Initiative reduced high-dose opioid prescribing by 24% and very-high-dose prescribing by 21%, resulting in 331 fewer patients per month receiving prescriptions above 100 MEQ. The initiative also led to a 21% decrease in patients receiving both opioids and sedatives.
A research framework for tracing human migration events after 'out of Africa' origins
The study provides an expanded framework for researchers to study human origins, drawing upon extensive DNA sampling from modern and archaic hominid populations. It suggests a major eastern-western population split once modern humans left Africa, dating back to at least 45,000 years ago.
SourceSMBE Journals (Molecular Biology and Evolution and Genome Biology and Evolution)·JournalMolecular Biology and Evolution·DateJan 10, 2017
Daily folic acid supplementation remains important for prevention of birth defects
According to a new report from the USPSTF, nearly a quarter of reproductive-age women have sub-optimal folate levels, highlighting the importance of daily folic acid supplements. The FDA has also announced plans to fortify corn masa flour with folic acid, targeting Hispanic women at higher risk.
Air pollution and lack of physical activity pose competing threats to children in China
Children in China are exposed to air pollution and lack of physical activity, posing serious health risks. Experts recommend addressing both issues through education, monitoring, and adjusting physical activities based on air quality.
Glia, not neurons, are most affected by brain aging
Researchers found that glial cells experience bigger changes than neurons as people age, with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes shifting their regional gene expression patterns upon aging. The study provides a tool to understand how aging in the brain may be linked to the causes of age-related disorders.
Stem cell therapy reverses blindness in animals with end-stage retinal degeneration
Researchers have developed a stem cell-based transplantation approach that restores vision in blind mice with end-stage retinal degeneration. The treatment strategy involved transplanting human iPSC-derived retinal tissue, which restored visual function in nearly half of the mice.
Mass. General-led team identifies gene mutations behind lack of a nose
A team led by Massachusetts General Hospital has identified gene mutations associated with a rare congenital condition involving the absence of a nose, often accompanied by defects in eye and reproductive systems. The SMCHD1 gene was previously linked to muscular dystrophy, but not craniofacial abnormalities.
Evidence growing of link between youth exposure to alcohol marketing and youth drinking
A new systematic review of long-term studies found that young people exposed to more alcohol marketing are more likely to start drinking early and engage in binge drinking. The study, published in the journal Addiction, analyzed data from over 35,000 participants across seven countries.
UAB investigators find repeat cesarean deliveries less cost-effective in low-risk women
A systematic review from UAB found that elective repeat cesarean deliveries are associated with excess morbidity and cost. The study suggests that women with certain characteristics, such as obesity or a short inter-pregnancy interval, should be carefully screened for trial of labor after cesarean delivery eligibility.
New species of ground beetle described from a 147-year-old specimen
A new species of ground beetle, Bryanites graeffii, has been described from a 147-year-old specimen found in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris. The discovery sheds light on the impact of human activity on ecosystems and highlights the extinction of native insect species due to colonization by non-native species.
Compound from chicory reveals possible treatment strategy for neurodegenerative disorders
Researchers used mouse models to show that chicoric acid mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced amyloidogenesis and memory impairment by inhibiting the NFκB signal pathway. Chicoric acid supplementation might be a plausible therapeutic intervention for neuroinflammation-related diseases.
SourceFederation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·JournalThe FASEB Journal·DateJan 10, 2017
How to control the unknown: Novel method for robotic manipulation
A novel control scheme is proposed to control unknown nonlinear systems without exact knowledge of system dynamics. The method uses an observer-based approach with a neural network to observe the system at multiple time scales and update its information.
SourceChinese Association of Automation·JournalIEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica·DateJan 10, 2017
Children's Hospital Los Angeles awarded nearly $1 million from Department of Health
The grant supports initiatives to reduce obesity among low-income populations through nutrition education and physical activity promotion. Champions for Change - Healthy Communities Initiative aims to create healthier environments for low-income individuals and families.
Close to half of adults and one quarter of kids in the US regularly consume artificial sweeteners
A recent study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics reveals that 41% of adults and 25% of children in the US regularly consume artificial sweeteners. This represents a significant increase from data reported in 1999-2000, with consumption rates reaching 54% among adults and 200% among children.
SourceElsevier Health Sciences·JournalJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics·DateJan 10, 2017
Retroviruses 'almost half a billion years old'
New research reveals that retroviruses, including HIV, have been present on Earth for at least 450 million years, originating together with vertebrate hosts in the early Paleozoic era. This finding sheds light on the evolutionary history of these medically important viruses and their ongoing interactions with host immunity.
National salt reduction strategy is cost-effective 'best buy' for 183 countries worldwide
A government-supported policy to reduce salt consumption is projected to be highly cost-effective across the world, saving nearly 6 million life-years currently lost to cardiovascular disease each year. The study found that such a program would save at an average cost of $204 per life-year saved.
Next-generation optics offer the widest real-time views of vast regions of the sun
A new optical device has provided the most precisely detailed, real-time pictures to date of solar activity occurring across vast stretches of the star's surface. The system corrects images distorted by atmospheric turbulence, allowing researchers to analyze magnetic events and forces that propel the star's magnetic fields.
Study reveals best states for lovers
A nationwide study found that states like Mississippi, Utah and Wisconsin scored low on attachment anxiety and avoidance, while having high marriage rates and fewer isolations. The top states for lovers also had lower temperatures and more regional charm.
Study shows how marine microbes recycle iron from the debris of dead algae
A new study reveals how Roseobacter bacteria claim heme from algal cells, recycling iron into the marine food web. This process keeps iron near the surface, influencing plankton growth and ocean nutrient cycles.
Hospitals are less likely to admit publicly insured children, but outcomes aren't affected
Researchers found that publicly insured children are less likely to be admitted to hospital when beds are scarce, but this disparity does not affect health outcomes. The study suggests that privately insured children may be over-treated and highlights the need for better allocation of healthcare resources.
Study shows risk of skin cancer doesn't deter most college students who tan indoors
A study found that most college students who tan indoors are aware of the risk of skin cancer, but continue to do so. The survey of 629 female students aged 18-30 revealed that indoor tanning is linked to higher risks of premature skin aging and melanoma.
Review shows limited progress in digitizing NHS records
A review of NHS electronic record implementation found limited progress made in the past 25 years, with challenges including confusion over policy funding and complex IT system integration. The study calls for more guidance on IT implementation to help hospitals make informed decisions about digitizing patient records.
Plus-sized fly: A model to understand the mechanisms underlying human obesity
Researchers have created a genetically induced obesity model in fruit flies, shedding light on the brain's 'fullness' signal. The model highlights a hormone called unpaired 1, which plays a crucial role in regulating eating behavior and weight gain.
Telerehabilitation through internet improve life of women suffering breast cancer
Researchers from UGR and hospitals Virgen de las Nieves and San Cecilio found that telerehabilitation reduces side effects of breast cancer treatment, such as pain and fatigue. The online exercise program showed excellent results for patients, maintaining benefits even after 6 months.
Circulating fatty acids ratio may help predict bariatric weight loss surgery outcome
Researchers found that the serum stearic acid/palmitic acid (S/P) ratio was a reliable marker in predicting diabetes remission after bariatric surgery. Patients with higher S/P levels before surgery had greater possibilities for diabetes remission after surgery.
SourceFederation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·JournalThe FASEB Journal·DateJan 10, 2017
Why is asthma worse in black patients?
Research reveals that African Americans are more likely to experience eosinophilic airway inflammation, making them less responsive to standard asthma treatments. This study highlights the need for personalized therapies tailored to individual airway inflammation patterns.
SourceUniversity of Illinois Chicago·JournalJournal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·DateJan 10, 2017
Endocrinologists want training in transgender care
A new study found that most endocrinologists have never received formal training on caring for transgender individuals, despite growing demand for such services. The Endocrine Society is now developing guidelines to address the need for education and training in this area.
SourceThe Endocrine Society·JournalThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism·DateJan 10, 2017
New study finds postdocs don't yield positive labor market returns
A new study finds that postdoctoral positions do not provide a positive return on investment for biomedical scientists, with the median annual starting salary being $44,724 compared to $73,662 for those directly entering the workforce. The researchers recommend changes to postdoc science positions, such as hiring staff research scienti...
2-D materials enhance a 3-D world
Researchers have discovered a way to overcome the limitations of 2D materials in photovoltaics by adding a plasmonic metasurface, increasing absorption and efficiency. This innovation has huge implications for the future of optoelectronics, potentially revolutionizing the marketability of devices.
SourceOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University·JournalACS Nano·DateJan 10, 2017
New active filaments mimic biology to transport nano-cargo
A team of researchers has created a fully biocompatible motility engine using synthetic active filaments, outperforming conventional methods in transporting tiny cargo. The design's efficiency and speed capabilities have significant implications for targeted drug delivery, insemination, and therapeutic interventions.
An ordered route to improved performance
Researchers used bright X-rays to observe the one-step solution-coating process of perovskite material, identifying a crucial intermediate solid state. This discovery highlights the importance of solvent-solute interactions in halide perovskites, which significantly impacts film formation behavior and solar cell performance.
SourceKing Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST)·JournalAdvanced Materials·DateJan 10, 2017
Migraine associated with higher risk of stroke after surgery
A study published in The BMJ found that surgical patients with migraines are at a higher risk of stroke and hospital readmission. Patients with migraine with aura were found to be at the highest risk, with an estimated 6.3 strokes per 1,000 patients.
Innovative imaging and surgery treats lymph condition in adults
Researchers developed new imaging tools to diagnose abnormal pulmonary flow of lymphatic fluid in adults with plastic bronchitis. The procedure involves catheterization and treatment with glue and coils to halt lymphatic fluid flow, resulting in complete or partial resolution of symptoms in six out of seven patients.
SourceChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia·JournalAnnals of the American Thoracic Society·DateJan 10, 2017
Play, cognitive skills in kindergarten predict extracurricular activities in middle school
A new study finds that executive function and engagement in classroom-based play in kindergarten are linked to participation in extracurricular activities in middle school among low-income children. The study suggests that early childhood experiences shape civic engagement later in life.
The weather's not to blame for your aches and pains
Research reveals weather plays no part in the symptoms associated with back pain and osteoarthritis, contrary to long-held beliefs. Higher temperatures slightly increase lower back pain risk but not clinically important.
Cost-saving, longer-lasting biodegradable adhesive patented by Kansas State University
The patented resin is made from plant oils, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional adhesives. It provides improved water-resistance, shelf life, and adhesion, making it suitable for various applications, including labeling and coatings.
The importance of the glutamine metabolism in colon cancer
A study by Osaka University reveals that colorectal cancer cells can survive under glucose-depletion conditions by maintaining TCA cycle activity and ATP production. Key proteins GLUD1 and SLC25A13 play pivotal roles in nutritional stress and are associated with tumor aggressiveness.
Gravitational biology
Researchers found immediate changes in gene expression of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in medaka fish exposed to microgravity. The study suggests a new area of research in gravitational biology, exploring the molecular mechanisms behind bone structure changes.
Neurons modulate the growth of blood vessels
Researchers at KIT found that nerve cells dynamically regulate the density of blood vessel networks through fine modulation of sFlt1 and VEGF. This process is crucial for vascular development, particularly during early stages of embryonic growth.
New transplant technique restores vision in mice
A new transplant technique has successfully restored vision in mice with inherited retinal degeneration. The technique uses 3D retinal sheets derived from mouse embryonic stem cells, which develop normal structure and connectivity, allowing the growth of functional photoreceptors that connect to host cells and send visual signals.
Unlikely couple: Liaison between a Sika deer and a Japanese snow monkey
Researchers observed a male Japanese macaque mounting two female Sika deer, with the animals engaging in non-penetrative sexual behavior. The study suggests that hormonal surges during breeding season may trigger such interactions, highlighting an unusual form of interspecies communication.
Researchers concerned about young people's responsibility for their work ability
Young people perceive themselves as solely responsible for maintaining their work ability, with employers having a large responsibility to create good working conditions. This perception can lead to low expectations and negative impacts on work ability.
SourceUniversity of Gothenburg·JournalInternational Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health·DateJan 10, 2017
Criminology study links NFL players' misbehavior on, off field
A new UT Dallas study found a correlation between NFL players' disciplinary infractions and their arrest records. The research discovered that those who received the most penalties were more likely to have multiple arrests, with some players averaging over 1.5 arrests per game.
Hubble captures 'shadow play' caused by possible planet
Astronomers have discovered a shadow sweeping across the face of a vast pancake-shaped gas-and-dust disk surrounding a young star, possibly caused by an unseen planet gravitationally pulling on material. The twisted inner disk is casting its shadow onto the outer region.
Identification of autophagy-dependent secretion machinery
A team of researchers at Osaka University has discovered a novel autophagy-dependent secretory system that facilitates the secretion of inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1 beta and leaderless proteins such as ferritin. This finding opens new therapeutic avenues for diseases related to autophagy.
NASA study finds a connection between wildfires and drought
A recent NASA study found a significant correlation between wildfires and drought in northern sub-Saharan Africa. The research, led by Charles Ichoku, used satellite records to analyze the impact of fires on water cycle indicators, revealing that burning suppresses precipitation in the region.
NYU psychology professor Freeman receives NSF CAREER Award to study 'stereotypic vision'
Freeman's lab will use an innovative mouse-tracking software to study stereotypic vision, exploring its impact on brain visual processing and potential strategies to reduce biases.
Ice Age 'skeleton crew' offers insights for today's endangered species
A Yale University study tracked Ice Age mammals to understand how they impact ecosystems. The research found that even small extinctions can have significant effects on functional diversity.
Current controls on alcohol marketing are not protecting youth, warn public health experts
Public health experts call for strengthened regulations to address the issue of extensive alcohol marketing targeting youth. Key findings include associations between exposure to alcohol marketing and increased youth drinking, as well as ineffective self-regulatory codes.
IMF lending conditions curb healthcare investment in West Africa, study finds
A new study reveals that IMF lending conditions in West Africa reduce government health expenditure per capita by around 0.25% for every additional binding condition. This results in a 6.2% annual reduction in health spending, often at the expense of healthcare investment.
Killing time: Study sheds light on phages and precision cell destruction
A study published in PNAS details a mathematical model of the timing of phage-induced cell death, revealing high precision and counterintuitive insights into regulatory mechanisms. The research has implications for medicine and broader applications in chemical kinetics, ecological modeling, and statistical physics.
SourceUniversity of Delaware·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 10, 2017
Physicists awarded funding to enhance our understanding of the universe
Researchers at University of Plymouth receive funding to build on existing work exploring phenomena within Standard Model and Beyond, with aim to develop new ideas using supercomputers. The grant will fuel efforts to push boundaries in particle physics research and identify possible candidates for universe's remaining mass-energy content.
New categorization of food scares will prevent food chain being compromised
Researchers from the University of Surrey propose a new comprehensive categorisation of food scares to address consumers' distrust in the food supply chain. The system differentiates between scares caused by wilful deception and transparency issues, enabling risk management teams to develop effective strategies.
'Housekeepers' of the brain renew themselves more quickly than first thought
A recent study published in Cell Reports reveals that microglia turnover is 10 times faster than previously thought, allowing for multiple renewal cycles throughout a person's life. This groundbreaking finding has significant implications for understanding the role of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
Testing how species respond to climate change
Researchers tested tropical rainforest fly Drosophila birchii's response to climate change by transplanting flies along mountain gradients. They found similar responses across families, indicating little potential for thermal tolerances to evolve.
Play an instrument? You probably react faster, too
A new study published in Brain and Cognition found that musicians have faster reaction times to sensory stimuli than non-musicians. The research suggests that long-term musical training can reduce simple non-musical auditory, tactile, and multisensory reaction times.
Researchers reveal connection between female estrogen cycle and cocaine addiction
Researchers found that estrogen intensifies the brain's dopamine reward pathway, leading to increased pleasurable effects of cocaine. The study suggests using birth control pills or similar strategies to adjust the hormonal cycle as a possible addiction intervention.
SourceThe Mount Sinai Hospital / Mount Sinai School of Medicine·JournalNature Communications·DateJan 10, 2017
What kind of selfie taker are you?
Researchers identified three categories of selfie-takers: communicators who engage in conversation, autobiographers who record life events, and self-publicists who document their lives for positive presentation. This categorization contributes to the discussion on selfies and visual communication.
Quick blood test for gut bacteria can predict risk of death and heart problems in patients
Researchers found that measuring TMAO levels in blood could predict risk of death and other major heart problems in patients with chest pains. Higher TMAO levels were associated with increased risks of serious heart problems, death, and thrombosis in both short-term and long-term periods.
Lower socioeconomic position linked to adult obesity across generations
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that lower socioeconomic position is associated with higher adult body mass index (BMI) across generations. The association increased with age and was stronger in women than men, highlighting the need for early interventions to reduce BMI inequalities.
Certain species of vaginal bacteria can increase a woman's susceptibility to HIV
Researchers found that women with pro-inflammatory bacterial species were at a 4-fold higher risk of acquiring HIV than those with healthy vaginal bacteria. The study suggests specific genital bacteria can increase HIV risk by making it easier for the virus to find a foothold.
A glimpse into the workings of the baby brain
Researchers at MIT used a modified MRI scanner to scan the brains of awake babies while watching movies, finding that brain regions responding to faces and scenes in adults are also active in infants. The study suggests that there may be a stronger biological predisposition for specific cortical regions to end up with specific functions.
Study reveals gender and race disparities in ACS pretest probabilities in the ED
A study published in Academic Emergency Medicine found that physicians consistently underestimate ACS risk for women and minorities, despite objective assessments suggesting higher risk. The study suggests that the ED evaluation of chest pain has become protocolized, immune to unconscious bias.
Socioeconomic status and prior pregnancy affect women's treatment choices when suffering miscarriage
A study found that women with higher incomes and social support are more likely to choose surgery over medication for miscarriage. Patients who have been pregnant before tend to know how they want the miscarriage managed, while those without prior pregnancy rely on doctors' advice. The research emphasizes the need for evidence-based, p...
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalAmerican Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·DateJan 10, 2017
Alcohol prevents ability to extinguish fearful memories in mice
Researchers at Johns Hopkins found that alcohol strengthens emotional memories associated with fearful experiences and prevents mice from pushing aside their fears. The study identified the molecular mechanism responsible for alcohol-related fear relapses and used a drug to reverse its effects.
'Dementia gene' may guard against decline associated with parasitic disease
Research suggests that the Apolipoprotein E4 allele, associated with high risk for Alzheimer's and cardiovascular diseases, may offer protection against cognitive decline caused by parasitic infections. In a remote population of Amazonian foragers, carriers of this allele maintained cognitive performance despite high parasite burdens.
SourceFederation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·JournalThe FASEB Journal·DateJan 10, 2017
Consumption of low-calorie sweeteners jumps by 200 percent in US children
A study found that 25% of US children and 41% of adults consumed low-calorie sweeteners, a 200% increase for kids and 54% jump for adults. The likelihood of consumption increased with adult body mass index and often occurred at home.
SourceGeorge Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health·JournalJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics·DateJan 10, 2017
Coca-Cola's Christmas truck tour should be banned, say public health experts
Coca-Cola's 'Happy Holidays' truck tour was criticized by public health experts for promoting sugary drinks to children. The UK government is introducing an industry levy on full sugar soft drinks as part of its childhood obesity strategy.
Changing rainfall patterns linked to water security in India
A recent study found that changing rainfall patterns are the key driver of changes in groundwater storage in India, rather than pumping. Groundwater withdrawals have increased tenfold since the 1950s, but variability in monsoons is the main factor driving changes in groundwater levels.
SourceInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis·JournalNature Geoscience·DateJan 10, 2017
Should gluten-free foods be available on prescription?
Gastroenterology experts argue that removing prescriptions for gluten-free foods would unfairly discriminate against people with coeliac disease. They highlight the high cost of such products (3-4 times standard prices) and limited availability in shops.
Researchers develop new compound to fight cytomegalovirus
Researchers develop a Retro94-based compound that effectively stops CMV from making copies of itself, providing a potential effective and safe therapy against human CMV. The treatment could protect immunocompromised patients with active CMV infection or prevent reactivation in the body.
Drug shown to aid injured adult brains may exacerbate cognitive problems in children
A new study from Drexel University College of Medicine suggests that a commonly used antibiotic, minocycline, may exacerbate cognitive deficits in newborn rats with traumatic brain injury. The researchers hypothesize that the treatment, which targets inflammation, may be ineffective or even harmful to developing brains.
Insects feel the heat: Scientists reveal rise in temperature affects ability to reproduce
A study by University of Sheffield researchers found that even mild heat damage can reduce insects' ability to reproduce as adults. Insect populations in high-latitude countries are particularly vulnerable to climate change, which could lead to population decline.
Meet Canada's 'poop lady'
Catherine Girard, a Canadian researcher, studied the diet and health of the local Inuit population in Resolute Bay. Her findings, published in mSphere, mark the first time that Inuit microbiome has been described, revealing a surprisingly similar gut microbiome compared to Montreal residents.
Noninvasive screening method reveals important properties of pharmaceutical tablets
A new study at the University of Eastern Finland has developed a novel non-invasive screening method for pharmaceutical tablets, allowing for quick and safe identification of tablet properties. The method uses terahertz radiation to determine the composition and arrangement of particulates within a tablet.
Study shows biological changes that could underlie higher psychosis risk in immigrants
Researchers discovered that immigrant populations have altered brain chemistry, specifically higher levels of dopamine, which can increase the risk of schizophrenia. The study suggests that social stress is a key factor contributing to this increased risk, and targeted interventions may help mitigate it.
Inhibiting a DNA-repairing protein in brain could be key to treating aggressive tumors
A study suggests targeting the RAD51 protein could increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy in killing off glioblastoma cells, a subgroup of brain tumour cells that are resistant to treatment. Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumour in adults, with a poor prognosis.
Surf and Earth: How prawn shopping bags could save the planet
Bioengineers at the University of Nottingham are trialling biodegradable prawn shopping bags as a 'green' alternative to oil-based plastics. The new material, optimised for Egyptian conditions, aims to lower carbon emissions and reduce food waste.
For viral predators of bacteria, sensitivity can be contagious
Researchers discovered that phages can invade bacteria by transferring attachment molecules via membrane vesicles, facilitating horizontal gene transfer and expansion of the phage host range. This mechanism enables phages to deliver DNA into new species, promoting attachment to non-host species and potentially transmitting antibiotic r...
Older adults with obesity less responsive to memory training than those with lower BMIs
A study found that older adults with obesity receive only one-third the benefit from memory training compared to those with normal weights. Researchers investigated the effects of cognitive training on memory, reasoning, and speed processing in 2,800 participants aged 74.
Essential quality control system in cells identifies and destroys faulty genetic material
A new quality control system in cells has been identified, which recognizes and destroys faulty genetic material by targeting the ribosome and messenger RNA. This discovery could potentially be used to develop new treatments for genetic diseases.
The problem and potential solution of combining drugs
Scientists found that models with only two variables work best in combining drugs, reducing the risk of overfitting. The algorithm can be used to optimize various types of drug combinations, including those with multiple biological molecules.
SourceChinese Association of Automation·JournalIEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica·DateJan 10, 2017
University of South Carolina researchers discover new subtype of cervical cancer
Researchers identified a new subtype of cervical cancer with distinct genomic pathways, potentially benefiting from alternative treatments. The study found significant differences in tumor characteristics between HPV-active and -inactive subtypes.
New approach to managing warfarin patients improves care, cuts costs
Researchers developed new performance measures to improve warfarin management, resulting in better clinical outcomes and cost savings. The study, published in Annals of Pharmacotherapy, found that these measures could prevent 48 strokes and 68 major bleeding events annually, with a potential annual savings of over $4 million.
Cultural differences may leave their mark on DNA
A recent study has identified signatures of ethnicity in the genome that reflect shared culture and environment rather than genetic ancestry. The researchers found that only three-quarters of epigenetic differences between Mexican and Puerto Rican children could be accounted for by genetic ancestry, suggesting a biological stamp made b...
Bacterial communities of female genital tract impact HIV infection risk
A study found that women with diverse vaginal bacterial communities were four times more likely to acquire HIV than those with Lactobacillus-dominant microbiomes. The researchers identified specific high-risk bacteria associated with increased HIV acquisition risk and a direct link between these bacteria and HIV susceptibility.
IUPUI-based engineering startup receives $225,000 NSF grant to improve hydrogen fuel storage
The startup aims to develop a solid-state solution for hydrogen storage, offering a clean and efficient alternative to traditional methods. The technology has the potential to make hydrogen energy self-reliant and reduce carbon emissions.
Rate of elevated systolic blood pressure increases globally, along with associated deaths
A global analysis of 8.7 million participants found that elevated systolic blood pressure increased substantially between 1990 and 2015, leading to over 10 million deaths and 212 million disability-adjusted life-years. The study highlights the need for increased efforts to control high blood pressure globally.
New research suggests anti-viral role for aravive biologics' anti-AXL candidate against Zika virus
Researchers have found that Aravive-S6 can inhibit Zika infection of human glial cells, adding to its previously reported anticancer properties. The study suggests a potential antiviral role for the molecule in treating neurological disorders caused by the virus.
UTA researcher shows computer users are overconfident when dealing with junk emails
A new study by UTA researchers reveals that people's confidence in judging phishing emails exceeds their actual ability, leading to incorrect judgments. To address this issue, businesses may benefit from implementing feedback mechanisms to regulate employees' confidence and improve detection accuracy.
SourceUniversity of Texas at Arlington·JournalJournal of the Association for Information Systems·DateJan 10, 2017
Protein build-up may trigger inflammation associated with Alzheimer's and other conditions
A new review article suggests that protein aggregation inside aging neurons sets off inflammatory responses, which can lead to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. Therapies targeting protein removal and prevention of inflammation hold potential to prevent or treat these conditions.
SourceFederation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·JournalThe FASEB Journal·DateJan 10, 2017
What does it take for an AIDS virus to infect a person?
A Penn study identifies specific biological properties of HIV-1 strains that facilitate infection, including increased infectivity and resistance to interferons. This research may aid in the development of vaccines against HIV-1 by targeting these key characteristics.
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 10, 2017
'Goldilocks' drug prevents chronic kidney disease in primates
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital developed a new monoclonal antibody that binds to CD11b/CD18 receptor molecules, preventing ischemia/reperfusion injury and halting fibrotic kidney failure. The treatment has shown promise in cynomolgus monkeys and may also be useful in treating heart attack, stroke, and organ transplants.
Rise of personal technology in criminal proceedings poses risks to individuals' rights
The use of personal technology in criminal investigations raises concerns about individuals' rights, including self-incrimination. The legal system is not yet prepared to address these emerging issues, and courts and law enforcement agencies need to educate themselves on how to properly use and address these technologies.
Scrapping excessive neural connection helps build new connections
Researchers at Osaka University discovered that retraction of early thalamocortical connections, driven by cannabinoids, can help form L4-L2/3 connections. This finding may contribute to understanding neuronal circuit mechanisms and prevention of cannabis abuse.
New research sheds light on why plants change sex
A four-year study by researchers at the University of Lincoln found that high-light environments trigger sex change in gynodioecious plants. This discovery sheds light on the evolutionary mechanisms behind this phenomenon, which has significant implications for our understanding of plant breeding systems.
Low-cost salt-reduction policy would save millions of lives worldwide
A government-backed policy to reduce salt intake by 10% over 10 years is projected to avert approximately 5.8 million disability-adjusted life years per year globally. The estimated average cost effectiveness ratio of the 10-year intervention is around $204 per DALY saved, comparable to many drugs used to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Giving investors a say on CEO pay limits excesses
A new study by Maria Guadalupe of INSEAD found that say-on-pay policies lead to improved firm performance, including higher return on assets and reduced overheads. Shareholder value increases by about 5 percent, as the policy aligns management closer to shareholders and gives them an equal voice.
Tucatinib (ONT-380) progressing in pivotal trial against HER2+ breast cancer
A Phase 1 clinical trial found that tucatinib significantly improved outcomes in heavily pretreated patients with HER2+ breast cancer. The drug demonstrated stable disease at 24 weeks or more in 27% of patients, showcasing its potential as a game-changing treatment option.
SourceUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus·JournalClinical Cancer Research·DateJan 10, 2017
3-D printing and nanotechnology, a mighty alliance to detect toxic liquids
Researchers at Polytechnique Montréal developed a novel material that combines 3D printing and nanotechnology to detect toxic liquids in real time. The material, made from thermoplastic and carbon nanotubes, can identify the nature of a liquid upon contact, making it an advantage for heavy industries.