Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Elevated NT-proBNP levels are associated with a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes, especially in women. However, those who develop diabetes with elevated NT-proBNP have a higher risk of macro- and microvascular complications such as heart attack, stroke, or severe damage to eyes, kidneys, or nerves.
A new study found that vitamin D supplementation is associated with a decrease in Megamonas bacteria and C. difficile colonization in infants, suggesting potential benefits for childhood health.
A new study in the Journal of Marketing identifies cultural variable power distance belief as a determinant of consumers' price sensitivity. Consumers high in power distance belief are less price-sensitive and more likely to seize current offers, reducing their likelihood of searching for better-priced options.
Research published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology found that women who consume alcohol during early pregnancy face a higher risk of miscarriage. The study analyzed data from over 5,500 women and found an incremental 8% increase in miscarriage risk each week of alcohol use.
A large international study identified key genetic contributors to stroke risk in individuals of African ancestry, providing insight into ethnic-specific and global risk factors. The study found that a common variation near the HNF1A gene was strongly associated with increased stroke risk.
Researchers analyzed data from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study to explain the decline in hip fracture rates in the US. Lifestyle factors such as reduced smoking and excessive alcohol consumption contributed to the decrease, highlighting the importance of public health interventions.
Researchers found no Candida auris acquisition in healthy US international travelers returning from international trips, suggesting low risk of transmission during travel. The study's results could lead to developing a detection system for high-risk populations.
A new Boston University School of Public Health and School of Medicine study finds that genetic risk factors for dementia can be lowered by improving cardiovascular health. Participants with a high genetic risk score were 2.6 times more likely to develop dementia, but those with good cardiovascular health were half as likely.
The CHASING COVID study follows a diverse cohort of thousands of adults to understand the effects of COVID-19 on mental health, employment, and economic outcomes. The study aims to inform the response to the pandemic and future pandemics with knowledge generated from its longitudinal epidemiologic design.
A new UCL-led study reveals that people in their 40s and 50s are likely to suffer more years of ill health than older generations. The study found a greater prevalence of ill health among those born later, with conditions such as diabetes and obesity affecting people earlier.
Researchers have identified a new biomarker, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), associated with cognitive decline in old age. The study found that ADMA levels were linked to decline in cognitive performance assessments after four years.
A new study found that women with higher manganese levels in early pregnancy had a lower risk of developing preeclampsia later on. The researchers analyzed data from over 1,300 women and found an association between higher manganese levels and reduced preeclampsia risk.
Researchers found that certain gut bacteria not following a day-night rhythm can serve as an indicator for potential type 2 diabetes. Mathematical models also suggest this microbial risk signature helps in diagnosing diabetes, improving diagnosis and outlook of the disease.
Researchers found that symptoms like nausea and vomiting can occur at any time of day, not just morning. A significant number of women experience these symptoms throughout the waking day.
A recent study by the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center found that greater inactivity is independently associated with a higher risk of dying from cancer. Replacing sedentary time with physical activity, such as 30 minutes of cycling or walking, can lower this risk.
A KKH-led study evaluates a novel clinical protocol to screen and triage women with threatened miscarriages, saving pregnancies and reducing progestogen use. The protocol uses a single serum progesterone test to guide clinicians in managing patients.
Researchers discovered a link between small airways and increased COPD risk in non-smokers. People with smaller airways relative to their lungs may have lower breathing capacity, making them more susceptible to COPD.
A new study in Frontiers in Immunology found that treatment with interferon (IFN)-α2b significantly reduced the duration of detectable virus in upper respiratory tract and blood levels of inflammatory proteins IL-6 and CRP, suggesting potential for an effective antiviral intervention
A new lung cancer screening cohort study demonstrates low adverse event rates and detects 70% of diagnosed cases at early stages. Family medicine plays a critical role in expanding lung cancer screenings to underserved populations.
A new study found that middle-aged adults reported more daily stress and lower well-being in the 2010s compared to the 1990s. The researchers attribute this increase to the added responsibilities of childcare, eldercare, and work, as well as the pace of technological advances.
A study by University of Cambridge researchers found that men and women aged 40-79 who engage in moderate physical activity are 25-27% less likely to have frequent hospital admissions. This translates to a potential annual savings of £247 per person for the NHS, amounting to 7% of UK health expenditure.
A study published in The BMJ found that Mexico's sugary drinks tax led to significant reductions in soft drink consumption. After three years, the probability of non-consumers increased by 4.7 percentage points and low consumers by 8.3 percentage points.
A new study by Boston University School of Public Health found detectable levels of DDT and other banned organochlorine pesticides in the blood of over 60% of Detroit-area black women. The chemicals were linked to tobacco, alcohol, and water consumption, posing hormonal and metabolic issues.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine found that geodesic measurements from 3D photographs predicted sleep apnea with high accuracy. The algorithm's accuracy was 89%, outperforming traditional linear measurements alone, and identified key facial features such as neck width and lower jaw retrusion as indicators.
Research published in Diabetologia found that obesity increases type 2 diabetes risk by at least 6 times, even among those with low genetic risk. The study highlights the importance of weight management and healthy lifestyle in preventing type 2 diabetes across all genetic risk groups.
Researchers found that 70% of electronic consultations were appropriate and 81% associated with avoided face-to-face visits. This study suggests that e-consults can improve patient access to specialists and reduce travel costs.
Research published in Thorax journal found a heightened risk of lung cancer in people with COPD who have never smoked. The risk is comparable to that of smokers without chronic lung disease, suggesting early detection may reduce treatment complications.
A study of over 4000 people finds that emotional resilience and extroversion can reduce loneliness, while social isolation is more significant for older adults who live alone. The research highlights the importance of understanding loneliness in different generations.
Newly qualified teachers in England reported higher levels of life satisfaction and wellbeing compared to other graduates. However, they were more likely to believe that hard work in Britain is unrewarded, with only 30% agreeing that it is rewarded.
A new study found that high blood pressure in young adulthood is associated with significant declines in cognitive function and gait in midlife. The research, published in Circulation, suggests that treating high blood pressure earlier may prevent future cognitive decline and mobility issues.
A large US-based observational study found no association between moderate egg intake and increased cardiovascular disease risk. Egg consumption was not linked to higher rates of heart attacks, strokes, or coronary heart disease. However, replacing eggs with processed red meat may be associated with an increased CVD risk.
German and Canadian psychologists have developed a predictive model for relationship longevity, identifying key features that indicate a successful or unsuccessful partnership. Couples who start with similar needs and maintain individual independence tend to stay together longest, while those with differing happiness levels are more li...
Scientists at the University of Alberta found that prenatal fruit exposure enhances memory consolidation in infants, suggesting a nonpharmacological intervention to improve infant cognition. The study replicated previous findings in humans and fruit flies, offering valuable information for pregnant mothers.
A study published in JAMA found that polygenic risk scores are not a reliable predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients, contradicting long-held expectations. The researchers analyzed data from over 7,000 adults and concluded that these genetic tests provide limited information about who will develop CHD.
A UMass Amherst study found that prenatal phthalate exposure is associated with autistic traits in young boys, but adequate folic acid supplementation during early pregnancy may mitigate these effects. The study analyzed data from over 2,000 pregnant women and followed the development of their children until age 3 and 4.
A new study by researchers at the University of California San Diego confirmed an association between human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breast milk and infant growth. High concentrations of certain HMOs were linked to increased height and weight, while low concentrations were associated with reduced growth.
A new study finds that young infants exposed to common household cleaning products are more likely to develop childhood wheeze and asthma by three years of age. The study, published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, suggests that chemicals in cleaning products can damage respiratory tract cells, increasing the risk of asthma.
A study found that reducing animal product intake and following a primarily plant-based diet can decrease the risk of heart disease by minimizing the adverse effects of a gut-microbiome associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease. Higher TMAO levels were linked to a 67% higher risk of CHD.
Research shows that personal energy choices can be contagious, influenced by social norms, observation, word-of-mouth communication, and trusted community leaders. The study identifies factors that affect the impact of peer influence, including individual characteristics, relationship strength, learning processes, and behavior complexity.
A new study from Northwestern University and Cornell University links red and processed meat consumption to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and death. The research suggests that reducing red meat intake may be an important strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease and premature death.
A new study found that between 15-22 out of every 100 Indian patients with mild-to-moderate CKD had significant impairment in at least one domain of quality of life. Lower income, poor education, and female gender were associated with lower quality of life scores.
A New Zealand study found that people who cycle to work have a 13% lower risk of mortality compared to those who walk or take public transport. The research, which analyzed data from over 3.5 million New Zealanders, suggests that increasing cycling for commuting may lead to health benefits and reduce the environmental impact.
A recent study found that community-dwellers with Alzheimer's disease who used antipsychotics had a 29% higher risk of head injuries and a 22% higher risk of traumatic brain injuries. The risk was highest when antipsychotics were first introduced.
Women who have sex weekly are 28% less likely to experience early menopause, according to a new study published in Royal Society Open Science. The research found that having less sex is associated with an earlier menopause, suggesting a biological trade-off between investing energy in ovulation and other activities.
A new study found that 90% of patients with knee osteoarthritis are waiting too long for knee replacement surgery, losing function, while 25% of those without need get the procedure prematurely. This delays deterioration and reduces mobility, leading to additional health issues.
A German study finds that social appreciation and disrespect in daily life significantly vary based on socio-economic factors. Individuals with higher incomes and education levels tend to feel more recognized and respected, whereas the unemployed are at a greater risk of experiencing less recognition and respect.
A recent study found that persistent physical activity during leisure time from childhood to middle age was associated with higher fruit and vegetable consumption. Conversely, decreasing physical activity was linked to lower consumption, particularly in young adulthood. The study suggests that promoting holistic well-being by combining...
A study of pregnant women found that those who ate at night and consumed lower-quality diets were more likely to retain five kilogrammes or more after giving birth. Practising night eating along with low diet quality demonstrated the greatest likelihood of substantial postpartum weight gain and retention.
A new study has found that Canadian First Nations communities with higher socio-economic advantages, educational opportunities, and social support have lower cardiac risk factors. In contrast, communities with difficulty accessing healthcare or affordable prescription medicines have a greater burden of cardiac risk factors.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found that 30% of pregnant women with HIV were prescribed medications with insufficient evidence of safety in pregnancy. The study, led by Kathleen M. Powis, suggests that physicians may be prescribing ahead of recommended guidelines.
A large web-based study cohort in France explored associations between ultraprocessed food consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The study found that higher consumption of ultraprocessed foods was associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
A study from the University at Buffalo found an association between poor diets high in red and processed meat, fried food, refined grains, and high-fat dairy, which increase the risk of developing late-stage age-related macular degeneration. The study suggests that limiting intake of these foods may help preserve vision over time.
The study reveals that EGFR overexpression is associated with lower expression of multiple proliferation genes, leading to replication stress and decreased survival. Interestingly, certain proteins like CLPTM1L and PBXIP1 are upregulated in EGFR-activated cases, but this does not promote increased proliferation.
Researchers found that geographic cohorting of hospitalists can increase the number of bedside visits and time spent with patients, but also leads to more frequent interruptions. Hospitalists assigned to one or two units may not be working optimally due to frequent presence and interruptions.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of nine longitudinal studies involving over eight million people found that increasing green areas can prevent premature all-cause mortality. The analysis revealed a 4% reduction in premature mortality per each increment of 0.1 in vegetation score within 500 meters of the residence.
A recent study published in Psychological Medicine challenges the common belief that those with mental illness are more likely to be incarcerated. The research found that diagnoses of substance use and antisocial personality were predictors of future incarceration, while other psychiatric diagnoses showed no association.
A new study published in PLOS Genetics found that heavy smoking can have a causal effect on facial ageing, influencing appearance and wrinkling. Researchers used Mendelian randomization and gene-by-environment interaction tests to identify the effects of smoking heaviness.
A two-year study by Cleveland Clinic researchers found that patients treated with functional medicine experienced significant improvements in health-related quality of life. Compared to those seen in primary care, these patients showed larger and more sustainable benefits in their physical health.
A new study found that people's moral foundations are better predicted by their political attitudes than vice versa. The researchers tracked participants' moral values and political leanings over time, revealing that those with stable political beliefs were more likely to have consistent moral foundations.
A large US study found that 1 in 5 patients was prescribed opioids after having a pacemaker or similar device implanted, with 80 percent having never taken opioids before. The study highlights the importance of improving postoperative pain management following cardiac device procedures to reduce opioid prescriptions.