Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
A recent study by the American Cancer Society found a strong association between economic mobility and racial disparities in mortality in the US. The study suggests that structural racism has persisted with similar magnitude across generations, leading to increased death rates among Black individuals compared to their White counterparts.
A new study suggests that girls are less likely to view science as a viable career when taught alongside confident and aspirational peers. Contrary to expectations, boys' confidence in STEM subjects is more likely to inspire them to pursue careers in the field.
A study found that higher omega-3 acid levels in the blood are associated with a significant increase in life expectancy, similar to quitting smoking. The researchers analyzed data from over 2,200 people aged 65 and found that four types of fatty acids, including omega-3, can predict mortality risk.
A new saliva collection method involves self-collection by licensed dentists followed by mailing to a laboratory, demonstrating feasibility for large-scale analysis. This approach offers a cost-effective alternative for COVID-19 diagnostics, preserving saliva samples for up to 7-10 days at room temperature with stabilizers.
Research found that breastfeeding, even for a short period, is associated with lower blood pressure in toddlers. The study suggests that colostrum, rich in growth factors and immunologic components, plays a key role in shaping cardiovascular development during the newborn period.
A large-scale study from South Africa found that the Beta variant increased COVID-19 hospitalization and death risks compared to previous waves. The study suggested a higher case fatality risk of 26.9% during the second wave, highlighting the need for continued vigilance.
A study found that male children with Crohn's disease experience worse growth due to factors like infliximab use and poor growth at symptom onset. In contrast, female patients tend to grow better regardless of disease severity or medication interventions.
A recent study from Lawson Health Research Institute found that frequent use of Paravertebral blocks increases health care utilization, including physician visits and other injection procedures. The study also showed no overall change in opioid dosage after the initiation of PVB treatment.
A new study found that double-dose algebra significantly increased semesters of college attended and college degree attainment among median-skill students. Implementing the policy in schools with lower-skilled students led to no impact, highlighting the need for more intensive math interventions.
A new risk prediction model may improve the prediction of impending spontaneous preterm birth, reducing unnecessary hospital admissions and treatment costs. The model combines clinical risk factors with vaginal fluid fetal fibronectin concentration analysis, showing promising performance in predicting preterm birth within seven days.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology found that people who recovered from COVID-19 or received Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines have cross-reactive T cells that can target several SARS-CoV-2 variants. This reactivity is key to the body's immune response, allowing it to kill infected cells and stop severe infections.
A study published in Environmental Pollution found that organic food intake is associated with better scores on tests of fluid intelligence and working memory. Poor nutrition, house crowding, and indoor air pollution were also linked to poorer cognitive function.
A curriculum with additional math instruction led to higher attendance and degree completion rates for students in a 2003 cohort. However, similar effects were not seen in a 2004 cohort, suggesting that pairing high- and low-skilled students undermines positive impacts of extra math support.
A study evaluated a panel of 142 mutation-signature–associated metrics for predicting cancer progression in patients. The P142 panel successfully predicted cancer progression status in some, but not all, analyzed cancer types.
A recent study using REST-meta-PD analyzed brain activity data from 15 PD patient studies, finding that up to 80% of voxels declared significant may not be replicable across datasets. The researchers propose a normative modelling method to improve reproducibility and generalizability.
A new observational study found that Black and Latino children were significantly affected by COVID-linked multi-system inflammatory syndrome, with cardiac complications more common in critically ill patients. The study also identified distinct cytokine signatures and viral sequencing patterns, shedding light on the disease's demograph...
A Mount Sinai study reveals rotator cuff injuries are the most common type, accounting for nearly half of all shoulder injuries. The research also identifies other risk factors, including pitching and throwing, and highlights the need for improved injury prevention strategies.
Research finds that exposure to metals in PM2.5 exacerbates cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in COPD patients, leading to increased heart rates. The study provides valuable insights into the disease burden of COPD associated with air pollution in China.
Studies have shown that COVID-19-associated nephritis can predict disease severity and mortality, while early signs of kidney involvement are associated with worse outcomes. Chronic kidney disease is a risk for some patients, particularly those who experience acute kidney injury (AKI), which may not recover fully.
A study during the COVID-19 pandemic found that lockdowns led to increased emotional/behavioral problems in schoolchildren, with grades 1-3 experiencing the most issues. These problems included inattention and hyperactivity, highlighting the need for support and assistance methods.
A study of over 70,000 European children found that prenatal exposure to paracetamol was associated with a 19% increased risk of developing autism spectrum symptoms and a 21% increased risk of developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms. The researchers also found no association between postnatal paracetamol exposure and the de...
A longitudinal study by Harvard sociologist Robert J. Sampson and Ph.D. candidate Roland Neil found that the era in which adolescents came of age significantly influences their chances of arrest, with older cohorts facing nearly double the risk of arrest compared to younger cohorts born in the 1990s.
New research published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal shows that planned cesarean deliveries on maternal request are safe for low-risk pregnancies. The study analyzed data from over 422,000 pregnancies and found that mothers who requested cesarean delivery were more likely to have certain characteristics. Planned cesarean ...
A new study reveals that up to 24 percent of esophagectomy patients can develop Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The six-month mortality rate for patients with VTE was found to be 17.6 percent, compared to 2.1 percent for those without.
A new study has found that the composition of a baby's first poop is associated with whether or not they will develop allergies within their first year of life. Newborns with richer meconium have a lower risk of developing allergies, suggesting that early exposure to certain molecules in the womb may play a role in future health.
A new study by Oregon State University has found that combining solar panels and lamb grazing increases land productivity. The research compared lamb growth and pasture production in pastures with solar panels to traditional open pastures, finding less overall but higher quality forage in the solar pastures.
Dr. Blaser recognized for groundbreaking research on the human microbiome and its relationship to diseases such as asthma, obesity, and cancer. His work has had a far-reaching impact on medicine and patient care, particularly in the areas of infectious disease and COVID-19.
Despite having clinically recovered from COVID-19, NBA players, staff, and vendors experienced persistent viral loads, indicating a high transmission risk. The study found that these individuals were more likely to transmit the virus to others, highlighting the need for continued precautions.
A new study reveals that proximity to existing solar panels is the most significant factor influencing an individual's likelihood of installing solar panels on their own roof. The findings suggest that seeding solar panels in areas with few or no panels can create a tipping point, potentially leading to widespread adoption and replacin...
A large study found that increasing physical activity levels is associated with a reduced likelihood of heart events and mortality in people with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Participants who showed moderate to large improvements in physical activity were 30% less likely to develop cardiovascular disease or die ...
A large cohort study by Aarhus University found a clear association between silica exposure and increased risk of autoimmune rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. Exposure to low levels of silica dust also posed a significant health risk.
A study of 80 people shows that prenatal exposure to proinflammatory cytokines is associated with different responses to stressful stimuli in adults. Women prenatally exposed to cytokines have altered brain activity and connectivity compared to men.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that consuming online partisan news leads to a decrease in trust in the media. After eight weeks, participants' trust in the media appeared to decrease, and this effect remained detectable nearly a year later.
Researchers integrated gait data and machine learning to monitor and predict MS-related gait issues, detecting differences in gait patterns between participants. The study identified a butterfly diagram feature associated with critical neurological functions.
Researchers investigated whether people affected by the 2017 Stockholm terrorist attack would change their political views on terrorism-related questions. Contrary to previous theories, they found no significant difference in attitudes among those who were close to the attack compared to those who were not. The study's findings suggest...
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome is associated with a threefold increase in death, primarily due to cardiovascular disease and infections. The study analyzed data from over 19,000 patients and found that mortality rates were lower after 2000, but still unacceptably high.
Serious vision impairment declined by 26% among those aged 85 and older, while Black and Hispanic Americans showed greater reductions. The decline was attributed to the implementation of the Affordable Care Act and advances in medical interventions for vision problems.
A 20-year-long study of Puerto Rican youth sheds light on the factors influencing mental health development, highlighting the importance of context and resilience. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding developmental psychopathology among ethnically diverse children growing up in disadvantaged contexts.
A large multicenter cohort study found that individuals switching to TAF therapy gained significantly more weight (1.7 kg) compared to those staying on TDF therapy (0.7 kg). The study also noted a negative development in lipid metabolism with an overall increase in blood lipid levels.
A new study reveals that unstable working life patterns in young people are associated with poorer future mental health. The study found that those with a stable working life had fewer days absent due to mental disorders over three years.
A recent study published in JAMA Surgery reveals that post-operative delirium has substantial public health implications, resulting in higher healthcare costs for older adults. If delirium were prevented or made less severe, it could reduce healthcare costs by $33 billion per year.
Research published in Occupational & Environmental Medicine found that night owls are more likely to experience poor health, insomnia, and social jet lag, leading to underperformance at work. The study also linked evening chronotype to a higher risk of early retirement due to disability.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland found that people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) had a higher risk of mortality in procedural units and during follow-up, compared to those without AD. However, elective revascularisation procedures showed similar outcomes for both groups.
A Mediterranean-style diet rich in green leafy vegetables and low in meat is associated with higher scores on memory and thinking tests among adults in their late 70s. However, the study found no link between the diet and better brain health or markers of healthy ageing.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that whole egg consumption was positively associated with increased all-cause mortality, while egg whites or substitutes were negatively associated. Replacing half a whole egg with egg whites/substitutes reduced cardiovascular disease mortality by 3%.
A new study suggests that starting adulthood with a normal weight and gradually gaining pounds later in life can increase the probability of survival. In contrast, those who start as obese or stay at an unhealthy weight throughout their lives tend to have the lowest survival rates.
A Swedish study found COVID-19 intensive care mortality rates were lower compared to other countries, despite higher comorbidities. The study suggests process and organisational factors contributed to the better outcomes.
A recent study published in Microplastics and Nanoplastics journal concludes that marine litter in coastal systems has remained constant since 2019, with some components showing a decrease. The steady state scenario raises questions about the transfer of plastic litter to remote areas or degradation into smaller fragments.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 studies found that self- and caregiver swabs are effective at detecting multiple pathogens, with high sensitivity (91%) and specificity (98%) compared to healthcare worker-collected swabs. This approach offers advantages in reducing transmission risk, expenses, and discomfort for patients.
Research found no statistically significant difference in concussion recovery time between males and females, but subtle differences were seen in contact and limited contact sports, suggesting differential access to athletic training and medical resources may be contributing factors
A new study from the University of Notre Dame finds that people tend to overestimate their financial responsibility, resulting in under-saving. The research developed an intervention to combat this 'positive illusion' by recognizing excessive spending and boosting self-perceptions of financial responsibility through increased savings.
A retrospective cohort study of 251 primary care physicians found significant variation in medical practice patterns across different doctors, but relatively stable patterns within an individual's practice over time. Researchers propose that personal behavioral characteristics may explain these variations.
A national study found significant sex and age-based differences in nonfatal opioid overdoses among youth, with female youth between 11-16 having a higher incidence. The study highlights specific risk factors that could inform targeted interventions to prevent opioid overdoses in adolescents and young adults.
A large cohort study found that dog owners with diabetes are 38% more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those without. In contrast, no shared risk was detected in cat owners and their cats.
A large study of 6,510 healthcare workers found that community exposure was the main driver of COVID-19 infections. Nurses were at higher risk once community exposure was accounted for, while high-flow oxygen therapy and hemodialysis increased antibody production to SARS-CoV-2.
A large-scale study found that genetics contribute to most cases of extremely large or small birth weights in full-term babies. However, the role of genetics was less significant in the smallest three per cent of babies, suggesting other factors such as placental health may be involved.
The study has achieved encouraging participation rates with 556 participants agreeing to share their data. Preliminary findings indicate that most enrolled individuals experienced mild symptoms, with common comorbidities including smoking, asthma, and obesity.
A study published in BMC Medicine found that vegans had a 43% higher risk of total fractures compared to meat-eaters, with higher risks of hip, leg, and vertebrae fractures. Vegetarians also had a higher risk of hip fractures.
A study published in Occupational & Environmental Medicine found that newly retired women experience a sharp rise in sedentary time, which persists 2+ years later. The research suggests that prolonged sitting is more harmful than short bouts and may be linked to social isolation and decreased physical activity after retirement.
USC researchers warn that COVID-19 could cause developmental difficulties and accelerated aging in the century ahead due to in-utero exposure. The study suggests that prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 may have long-term impacts on childhood development and adult health.