Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A longitudinal study by Harvard sociologist Robert J. Sampson and Ph.D. candidate Roland Neil found that the era in which adolescents came of age significantly influences their chances of arrest, with older cohorts facing nearly double the risk of arrest compared to younger cohorts born in the 1990s.
New research published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal shows that planned cesarean deliveries on maternal request are safe for low-risk pregnancies. The study analyzed data from over 422,000 pregnancies and found that mothers who requested cesarean delivery were more likely to have certain characteristics. Planned cesarean ...
A new study reveals that up to 24 percent of esophagectomy patients can develop Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The six-month mortality rate for patients with VTE was found to be 17.6 percent, compared to 2.1 percent for those without.
A new study by Oregon State University has found that combining solar panels and lamb grazing increases land productivity. The research compared lamb growth and pasture production in pastures with solar panels to traditional open pastures, finding less overall but higher quality forage in the solar pastures.
Dr. Blaser recognized for groundbreaking research on the human microbiome and its relationship to diseases such as asthma, obesity, and cancer. His work has had a far-reaching impact on medicine and patient care, particularly in the areas of infectious disease and COVID-19.
A new study has found that the composition of a baby's first poop is associated with whether or not they will develop allergies within their first year of life. Newborns with richer meconium have a lower risk of developing allergies, suggesting that early exposure to certain molecules in the womb may play a role in future health.
Despite having clinically recovered from COVID-19, NBA players, staff, and vendors experienced persistent viral loads, indicating a high transmission risk. The study found that these individuals were more likely to transmit the virus to others, highlighting the need for continued precautions.
A new study reveals that proximity to existing solar panels is the most significant factor influencing an individual's likelihood of installing solar panels on their own roof. The findings suggest that seeding solar panels in areas with few or no panels can create a tipping point, potentially leading to widespread adoption and replacin...
A large study found that increasing physical activity levels is associated with a reduced likelihood of heart events and mortality in people with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Participants who showed moderate to large improvements in physical activity were 30% less likely to develop cardiovascular disease or die ...
A large cohort study by Aarhus University found a clear association between silica exposure and increased risk of autoimmune rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. Exposure to low levels of silica dust also posed a significant health risk.
A study of 80 people shows that prenatal exposure to proinflammatory cytokines is associated with different responses to stressful stimuli in adults. Women prenatally exposed to cytokines have altered brain activity and connectivity compared to men.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that consuming online partisan news leads to a decrease in trust in the media. After eight weeks, participants' trust in the media appeared to decrease, and this effect remained detectable nearly a year later.
Researchers integrated gait data and machine learning to monitor and predict MS-related gait issues, detecting differences in gait patterns between participants. The study identified a butterfly diagram feature associated with critical neurological functions.
Researchers investigated whether people affected by the 2017 Stockholm terrorist attack would change their political views on terrorism-related questions. Contrary to previous theories, they found no significant difference in attitudes among those who were close to the attack compared to those who were not. The study's findings suggest...
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome is associated with a threefold increase in death, primarily due to cardiovascular disease and infections. The study analyzed data from over 19,000 patients and found that mortality rates were lower after 2000, but still unacceptably high.
Serious vision impairment declined by 26% among those aged 85 and older, while Black and Hispanic Americans showed greater reductions. The decline was attributed to the implementation of the Affordable Care Act and advances in medical interventions for vision problems.
A 20-year-long study of Puerto Rican youth sheds light on the factors influencing mental health development, highlighting the importance of context and resilience. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding developmental psychopathology among ethnically diverse children growing up in disadvantaged contexts.
A large multicenter cohort study found that individuals switching to TAF therapy gained significantly more weight (1.7 kg) compared to those staying on TDF therapy (0.7 kg). The study also noted a negative development in lipid metabolism with an overall increase in blood lipid levels.
A new study reveals that unstable working life patterns in young people are associated with poorer future mental health. The study found that those with a stable working life had fewer days absent due to mental disorders over three years.
A recent study published in JAMA Surgery reveals that post-operative delirium has substantial public health implications, resulting in higher healthcare costs for older adults. If delirium were prevented or made less severe, it could reduce healthcare costs by $33 billion per year.
Research published in Occupational & Environmental Medicine found that night owls are more likely to experience poor health, insomnia, and social jet lag, leading to underperformance at work. The study also linked evening chronotype to a higher risk of early retirement due to disability.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland found that people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) had a higher risk of mortality in procedural units and during follow-up, compared to those without AD. However, elective revascularisation procedures showed similar outcomes for both groups.
A Mediterranean-style diet rich in green leafy vegetables and low in meat is associated with higher scores on memory and thinking tests among adults in their late 70s. However, the study found no link between the diet and better brain health or markers of healthy ageing.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that whole egg consumption was positively associated with increased all-cause mortality, while egg whites or substitutes were negatively associated. Replacing half a whole egg with egg whites/substitutes reduced cardiovascular disease mortality by 3%.
A new study suggests that starting adulthood with a normal weight and gradually gaining pounds later in life can increase the probability of survival. In contrast, those who start as obese or stay at an unhealthy weight throughout their lives tend to have the lowest survival rates.
A Swedish study found COVID-19 intensive care mortality rates were lower compared to other countries, despite higher comorbidities. The study suggests process and organisational factors contributed to the better outcomes.
A recent study published in Microplastics and Nanoplastics journal concludes that marine litter in coastal systems has remained constant since 2019, with some components showing a decrease. The steady state scenario raises questions about the transfer of plastic litter to remote areas or degradation into smaller fragments.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 studies found that self- and caregiver swabs are effective at detecting multiple pathogens, with high sensitivity (91%) and specificity (98%) compared to healthcare worker-collected swabs. This approach offers advantages in reducing transmission risk, expenses, and discomfort for patients.
Research found no statistically significant difference in concussion recovery time between males and females, but subtle differences were seen in contact and limited contact sports, suggesting differential access to athletic training and medical resources may be contributing factors
A new study from the University of Notre Dame finds that people tend to overestimate their financial responsibility, resulting in under-saving. The research developed an intervention to combat this 'positive illusion' by recognizing excessive spending and boosting self-perceptions of financial responsibility through increased savings.
A retrospective cohort study of 251 primary care physicians found significant variation in medical practice patterns across different doctors, but relatively stable patterns within an individual's practice over time. Researchers propose that personal behavioral characteristics may explain these variations.
A national study found significant sex and age-based differences in nonfatal opioid overdoses among youth, with female youth between 11-16 having a higher incidence. The study highlights specific risk factors that could inform targeted interventions to prevent opioid overdoses in adolescents and young adults.
A large cohort study found that dog owners with diabetes are 38% more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those without. In contrast, no shared risk was detected in cat owners and their cats.
A large study of 6,510 healthcare workers found that community exposure was the main driver of COVID-19 infections. Nurses were at higher risk once community exposure was accounted for, while high-flow oxygen therapy and hemodialysis increased antibody production to SARS-CoV-2.
A large-scale study found that genetics contribute to most cases of extremely large or small birth weights in full-term babies. However, the role of genetics was less significant in the smallest three per cent of babies, suggesting other factors such as placental health may be involved.
The study has achieved encouraging participation rates with 556 participants agreeing to share their data. Preliminary findings indicate that most enrolled individuals experienced mild symptoms, with common comorbidities including smoking, asthma, and obesity.
A study published in BMC Medicine found that vegans had a 43% higher risk of total fractures compared to meat-eaters, with higher risks of hip, leg, and vertebrae fractures. Vegetarians also had a higher risk of hip fractures.
A study published in Occupational & Environmental Medicine found that newly retired women experience a sharp rise in sedentary time, which persists 2+ years later. The research suggests that prolonged sitting is more harmful than short bouts and may be linked to social isolation and decreased physical activity after retirement.
USC researchers warn that COVID-19 could cause developmental difficulties and accelerated aging in the century ahead due to in-utero exposure. The study suggests that prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 may have long-term impacts on childhood development and adult health.
A UT Southwestern study found that retired football players with a history of concussions and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) scored similarly to non-athletes on verbal memory and learning tests. However, they showed lower scores on naming tests, which may be related to age-related decline rather than concussion effects.
Research highlights the need for tuberculosis (TB) screening and ongoing clinical care for people on methotrexate living in areas with high TB prevalence. Methotrexate users taking corticosteroids or immunosuppressants are at increased risk of TB infection.
A recent study found that young Finnish athletes experience higher rates of menstrual dysfunction compared to non-athletes. However, athletes reported lower levels of body weight dissatisfaction. The study suggests that low energy availability may contribute to menstrual dysfunction in young athletes.
The study found associations between specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and clinical features of follicular lymphoma, including tumor microenvironment composition. The researchers identified key immune-related genes associated with worse survival outcomes in patients treated with rituximab-containing regimens.
A researcher created a computer model that can distinguish high academic achievers from lower ones based on their social media posts. The model achieved an accuracy of 93.7% in predicting PISA scores, indicating students' academic aptitude.
A University of Michigan study found that nearly one-third of students who reported misusing prescription opioids as high school seniors later used heroin by age 35. The research also showed a significant increase in heroin use among individuals with a history of prescription opioid misuse, contributing to the opioid epidemic.
Research shows that high-status individuals can face biases in award decisions when judged publicly, but benefits from close social ties to judges in private settings. The study emphasizes the need for accountability and transparency in decision-making processes.
A nationwide cohort study has confirmed that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased mortality risk, even in mild stages. The study found that patients with NAFLD had a 93% increased risk of all-cause mortality, driven primarily by deaths from extra-hepatic cancer and cirrhosis.
Adults with depression who initiated newer antipsychotic medication showed a 45% increased mortality risk compared to those using a second antidepressant. The study suggests careful consideration of antipsychotic treatment for depression, as the benefits are modest and the risks substantial.
A new study by the RAND Corporation found that American adults have increased their alcohol consumption significantly during the pandemic, with women experiencing a 41% rise in heavy drinking episodes. The overall frequency of alcohol consumption also rose among all adults aged 30 and above.
A study by University of Jyväskylä found that older adults (75-80 years) have improved muscle strength, walking speed, reaction time, verbal fluency, and cognitive performance compared to the same-aged individuals in the 1990s. Increased education was a key factor behind these improvements.
A study of over 6,500 US adults found a link between COVID-19-related symptoms and preexisting conditions, job loss, and excessive media consumption. Acute stress and depression symptoms were more closely tied to personal exposure to the virus than community-level exposure.
A recent study found that being physically active can significantly reduce the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study, which followed over 15,000 middle-aged adults for 24 years, showed that even moderate physical activity can lower the risk of CKD by up to 11%.
A machine learning system has been developed that can predict the development of Bipolar Disorder up to 4 years before onset in young people. The system identified risk factors such as suicidal tendencies and financial problems, allowing doctors to take preventative measures.
Researchers at UC Berkeley found a correlation between poor sleep quality and increased beta-amyloid plaques in the brain, indicating an earlier onset of Alzheimer's disease. Deep non-REM slow-wave sleep has been identified as a potential target for intervention against cognitive decline.
A study from Aarhus University found that relatives with severe long-term grief reactions have more frequent GP contact and higher medication use before bereavement. This suggests that early intervention may help prevent severe grief reactions.
A cardiac biomarker was found to have stronger associations with kidney disease progression than blood pressure in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Higher levels of NTproBNP, urine NGAL, and troponin T were linked to increased rates of CKD progression.
A recent study revealed that the human gut microbiome is linked to multiple diseases and traits, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atopy, and BMI. The research used genetic data to estimate microbiome composition in a large cohort of unrelated individuals, finding associations between eleven bacteria and 28 health outcomes.
A new study found that members of Generation X, who came of age during the 1980s and early 1990s, have higher rates of incarceration throughout their lives. This is due to extended criminal history under a determinate sentencing regime implemented in 1994.
A group of international scientists has developed a new definition for synbiotics, outlining a mixture of live microorganisms and selectively utilized substrates that confer a health benefit on the host. The definition aims to clarify scientific ambiguity and provide a foundation for science-based claims about synbiotic health benefits.
A study of Finnish parents reveals a link between vaccine scepticism, low trust in medical doctors, and defiance. The research also found that individuals who defy rules and recommendations are more likely to use alternative medicine.