A Los Alamos National Laboratory team uses transfer learning to predict fault slip in laboratory earthquakes from limited field observations. The approach shows promise for predicting fault-slip behavior and possibly earthquakes in the field.
Researchers from Ruhr-University Bochum investigated bird brains to understand working memory limitations. They found that birds and monkeys share the same central mechanisms and limits of working memory, with a capacity of about four items of information simultaneously.
A common mutation in a rare cancer subtype has led researchers to an already-approved drug that shows promise against uterine serous carcinoma. The RNR inhibitor clofarabine effectively stops the highly aggressive type of cancer in its tracks.
Researchers at Leipzig University have discovered that cancer cells need the succinate receptor to control their metabolic rate. The receptor is found on the surface of various types of tumors and plays a crucial role in the survival of cancer cells.
A recent study found significant inequities in the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), a medication typically used for treating diabetes, among different racial and ethnic groups. The study, published in JAMA Health Forum, showed that Black patients were 19% less likely to have a GLP-1 RA prescription compared to white patients.
A team of Harvard researchers has created a diverse multilingual speech dataset that spans languages spoken by over 5 billion people. The Multilingual Spoken Words Corpus offers a vast pool of keywords and audio examples for voice-enabled applications, enabling broader global access to voice technology.
A study using survey data found that stronger eviction moratorium protections were associated with lower levels of mental distress among renters during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research highlights the importance of access to stable housing in maintaining mental health, particularly during times of crisis.
Researchers use dual-camera setup to enhance UAV efficiency and accuracy in plant phenotyping and precision agriculture. This approach reduces images required, flight time, and processing time while improving georeferencing and point cloud quality.
Researchers at University of Rochester Medical Center found that the brain processes attended and unattended speech differently, converting attended speech into linguistic units for understanding. This study contributes to developing better wearable devices, such as hearing aids.
The inaugural WHO classification of childhood tumors presents a single, updated compendium of all tumor entities in childhood or adolescence, divided by organ sites. This classification incorporates traditional morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular characteristics to provide essential criteria for definition of tumor types.
Researchers have created a new approach to edit genes within specific bacteria in a community using CRISPR-Cas9, enabling targeted genetic modifications. This technology could be used to track edited microbes and potentially treat diseases like digestive issues or create more resilient crops.
Researchers from Hiroshima University analyzed 839 collections of genetic material to identify common features of oxidative stress. They found two genes, CRIP1 and CRIP3, downregulated during oxidative stress, suggesting a relationship with zinc homeostasis. The study also identified shared biological processes between the two types of...
A pilot study by Kessler Foundation found that methylphenidate improved 'state' mental fatigue in individuals with multiple sclerosis, but had no effect on 'trait' fatigue. The study suggests an important role for dopamine in MS-related mental fatigue.
The study of 66 individuals from Kulubnarti, Sudan, reveals that people lived during a period of cultural and social change without strong relationships between social status and biological relatedness. Genetic analysis also shows that some second-degree relatives were buried across the cemetery divide, indicating fluidity among groups.
A new medication dupilumab has been added to the treatment options for children with moderate-to-severe asthma. The international multicenter Liberty Asthma VOYAGE trial found that dupilumab significantly reduced the rate of severe exacerbations and improved lung function in children aged 6 to 11.
Researchers at Ohio State University discovered a new zoo of magnetic patterns that can store big data in a small space, using a material called manganese germanide. The discovery could lead to next-generation data storage with increased energy efficiency.
A new study presented at Euroanaesthesia found that critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury are more likely to die in the ICU than those with pre-existing chronic kidney disease. The study also showed that dialysis treatment has little impact on survival rates for these patients.
Research reveals a lag of 5-10 years between reduced fungicide use and decrease in fungicide-resistant pathogens. The study's findings provide insights into the impact of fungicide resistance on global distributions of pathogens.
Research identifies maladaptive nature of drug-seeking habits as key factor in perpetuating addiction and relapse. Drug-paired cues can activate flexible goal-directed behaviors, driven by negative emotional urgency.
A new study found significant discrepancies in estimates of social media use among teenagers and their parents, with parents underestimating the time spent on social media. The study also found larger discrepancies in families of color, single parents, and low-income families.
A study of 62,000 adults aged 65+ found that increased physical activity, including light-intensity levels, lowered dementia risk. Regular physical activity may help prevent or delay dementia onset in older age.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a new method to observe cancer cells' ability to metastasize, which could provide valuable information for treating doctors. The method uses cell magneto-rotation and machine learning to identify cells that are more likely to spread, allowing for earlier intervention.
Researchers developed a material that automatically responds to changing temperatures, switching between heating and cooling. The glass can regulate both solar transmission and radiative cooling, reducing energy consumption up to 9.5% or ~330,000 kWh per year.
Researchers found that seed microorganisms have more staying power than soil microorganisms when colonizing plants. The study suggests that modifying the seed microbiome could lead to more sustainable agriculture and increased crop yields and quality.
A University of Massachusetts Amherst analysis found that packaged beef burgers contain more calories, protein, and fat than imitation and veggie burgers. Veggie burgers, on the other hand, are lower in fat and higher in vitamin A and C.
A new study by Concordia PhD student Lamiae Aidi examines how Muslim stand-up comedians use incongruity, performativity, and everydayness to demystify their community. By sharing personal experiences and poking fun at stereotypes, these comedians aim to create awareness around problems of discrimination and misunderstandings.
A new imaging technique can detect early signs of blood trauma in red blood cells, which could aid in the development of markers to prevent damage. The technique, developed by researchers at Shibaura Institute of Technology and Griffith University, uses high-speed cameras to visualize changes in RBC shape under stress.
Scientists developed an all-season smart-roof coating that automatically switches between cooling and heating, outperforming commercial cool-roof systems in energy savings. The technology uses vanadium dioxide to regulate its rate of radiative cooling, overcoming the problem of overcooling in winter.
A recent study found that adults with increased consumption of legumes, grains, and bread/cereals had reduced symptom severity. Vaccination remains essential, but diet management may play a role in mitigating Covid19's impact.
A 61-year-old man received a double lung transplant after suffering severe post-COVID-19 respiratory failure, marking the first such procedure in Portugal. He had undergone extensive treatment, including ECMO and ECCO2R, before qualifying for transplant due to his young age and healthy status.
Recent preclinical study results demonstrate the Spike Ferritin Nanoparticle (SpFN) COVID-19 vaccine developed by WRAIR elicits potent immune responses and offers broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants and other coronaviruses. The SpFN vaccine uses a ferritin platform to present multiple copies of the coronavirus spike protein, i...
Researchers found that after-school tutoring programs with SEL principles improved Syrian refugee children's perceptions of school safety and inclusiveness. The program also showed positive effects on academic skills, emotion regulation, and behavioral regulation skills.
Researchers found that diverse plant water-use strategies and soil interactions support forest stability during extreme drought. The study revealed a 70% drop in carbon storage but also showed plants releasing VOCs to signal with soil microbes, mitigating emissions.
Researchers have discovered unique antibody-like proteins from sharks that can prevent the COVID-19 virus and its variants from infecting human cells. These shark-derived protein 'VNARs' are a promising new tool in the fight against SARS-CoV-2, with potential applications for future coronavirus outbreaks.
A new study published in PLOS Computational Biology found that the order of COVID-19 symptoms varies depending on the SARS-CoV-2 variant. In the USA, cough was most likely to be the first symptom, while fever and diarrhea were more common third symptoms.
A new class of faster and more powerful semiconductors is being developed by UMass Lowell scientists to enhance wireless communication and digital imaging. The $1.7M NSF project aims to improve infrared optoelectronic devices, enabling better intracellular imaging, night vision, and quantum and 5G communication.
Researchers identify eleven rare genetic variants associated with eczema, accounting for over 20% of the disease's heritability. The variants are found in genes that code for proteins involved in inflammatory reactions, providing promising targets for new therapeutic approaches.
A research team discovered that increasing Co-doping level in perovskite oxide thin film activates lattice oxygen, improving the performance of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes. However, exceeding 70% Co-doping degrades stability, limiting optimal performance.
The project aims to create a community of researchers, local managers, and community champions to share knowledge and perspectives on flooding and climate change. Funding will support the implementation of equitable solutions to address environmental injustices in flood-prone areas of Northern Virginia.
A proof-of-concept trial has identified a drug that may offer benefit to some patients hospitalised with COVID-19 pneumonia. The study found namilumab reduced inflammation and improved outcomes in patients with high CRP levels, but further research is needed for definitive results.
A new species of millipede with 1,306 legs has been discovered in Australia's Eastern Goldfields Province. The creature, named Eumillipes persephone, is the first recorded to have more than 750 legs.
A new meteorological phenomenon dubbed 'atmospheric lakes' has been identified drifting slowly over the western Indian Ocean. These compact pools of moisture bring water to dry lowlands along East Africa's coastline, with the potential to create significant precipitation for millions of people.
Researchers found that the risk of developing asthma in infants depends on a complex interplay among the infecting virus, airway microbial composition and function, and the infant's immune response. Infants with distinct metatranscriptome profiles had unique risks of developing asthma by age five.
A new study warns that Omicron could lead to 100,273 fewer elective operations performed over the three winter months due to increased hospital admissions and COVID-19 patients. The model used NHS England data from September 2020 to July 2021 to project elective surgery activity based on the number of COVID-19 patients in hospital.
A new study found that a specific type of carbohydrate called ‘fodmaps’ can aggravate intestinal problems, but its impact is not as significant as previously believed. IBS symptoms were found to be influenced more by psychological factors and individual differences in metabolism and intestinal flora.
A new study published in the American Journal of Infection Control identified specific face mask combinations and modifications that can improve mask fit and performance, thereby reducing the spread of respiratory infectious pathogens. The study found that layering a three-ply cloth mask over a medical mask or securing a medical mask w...
Kevin Moran, Assistant Professor at George Mason University, will receive $382,423 from NSF to develop novel data collection strategies and techniques for analyzing realistic smart home usage. The project aims to provide researchers with tools to measure smart home security under realistic usage conditions.
The NIH urges a collaborative effort to characterize coronavirus genetic diversity in multiple species, better understand disease pathogenesis, and develop long-lasting vaccines; permanent immunity remains unknown for COVID-19 vaccines
Researchers developed an AI model that can diagnose COVID-19 with high accuracy, using federated learning to preserve patient data privacy. The model was trained on over 9,000 CT scans from 23 hospitals in the UK and China, and validated against a panel of radiologists.
A modeling study finds that undocumented migrant deaths are disproportionately clustered in regions with high physiological stress, including dehydration. Climate change is expected to make migrations across the southern US border increasingly dangerous.
A recent study by UT Southwestern Medical Center found that women in areas with worse health disparities have a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. These outcomes include increased risks of preeclampsia, abruption, and preterm birth.
Researchers have discovered that intestinal bacteria can lead to more severe adhesions after abdominal surgery. The study found that mesothelial cells and EGFR signaling play a crucial role in the formation of these adhesions. The findings suggest that targeting EGFR may be a potential approach to reducing adhesion risk.
Researchers used PET scans to quantify antibiotic levels in orthopaedic implants, discovering rifampin penetration is only about 14% as much as previously believed. A higher dose of rifampin achieved higher bacterial killing and fewer antibiotic-resistant strains, suggesting a shorter treatment regimen may be effective.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed a miniaturized frequency comb that can generate non-classical light, enabling the study of quantum entanglement and opening up new pathways for quantum computing. The microcomb's precise spacing allows for detailed measurement of its finer features.
Researchers have developed a new metalenses technology that enables filter-free color image sensors with enhanced signal levels. This innovation could improve low-light and fast imaging capabilities for smartphones and autonomous vehicles, leading to better night view capture and high-speed object detection.
Researchers Wijesekera and Menon aim to address building security governance and communication issues through a uniform secure platform. The project enables energy optimization, cyber-physical security posture, and incorporation of new technologies like solar rooftops and vehicle-to-grid charging.
Researchers created detailed distribution map of glasswing butterflies, showing highest diversity at high elevations. The study highlights pressing need for conservation efforts in mountainous regions threatened by habitat loss and climate change.
Researchers at QuTech have successfully integrated high-fidelity operations on encoded quantum data with a scalable scheme for repeated stabilization. They demonstrate that it is possible to compute as well as encode and stabilize qubits, a crucial step towards developing fault-tolerant quantum computers.
Researchers link dwindling Arctic sea ice to worsening wildfires in the Western United States, finding a previously unknown mechanism driving the connection. As sea ice melts, it warms surrounding areas, triggering heat and fire-favorable conditions in distant states.
Patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease may benefit from Belzutifan, a daily oral medication that shrinks tumors and keeps patients from undergoing surgery. The drug targets the molecular defect in the VHL gene, producing few side effects and showing long-lasting anti-cancer effects.