The article proposes reserving Johnson & Johnson vaccines for younger, healthier populations and boosting them with mRNA vaccinations for better efficacy. Boosting people with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection also enhances their immune response.
A new study from The George Institute for Global Health found that countries are wasting resources by treating only one aspect of cardiovascular disease, rather than looking at the big picture. The researchers discovered a higher risk of CVD in lower educated and non-employed people, as well as an underuse of medicines in those at high...
IdentifySensors Biologics has partnered with Purdue Research Foundation to develop a rapid diagnostic platform for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The partnership aims to accelerate the development of COVID-19 sensors and expand pathogen detection capabilities.
Research at OHSU finds that patients with substance use disorder face housing instability, hospital isolation, and uncertain transitions home due to pandemic-related policies. The study emphasizes the need for healthcare systems to incorporate patient voices and address systemic needs.
A new study published in Diabetologia found that regular physical activity significantly reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes for people living in polluted regions. The research, conducted in Taiwan, investigated the combined effects of physical activity and air pollution on type 2 diabetes risk.
A randomized clinical trial found that ivermectin did not improve the time to resolution of symptoms in adults with mild COVID-19. The study suggests that ivermectin may have no effect on treating mild cases of the disease, highlighting the need for further research.
A meta-analysis of 17 studies found that participants could regulate neural activity in targeted regions using rtfMRI-NF, with a moderate impact during training and increased impact later without feedback. The study suggests a positive impact on brain and behavioral outcomes, but more research is needed to determine its effectiveness.
A new model links bacterial metabolism and growth to mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, enabling predictions of mutation types and levels. The study suggests a previously unobserved connection between nutrient uptake and resistance development, which can inform strategies for slowing resistance emergence.
Fermented wool retains its color without fading, a technique used by textile craftsmen in the Iron Age. The method involves fermenting wool and dyeing it with Turkey red, providing an insight into ancient textile production.
Research by Steven Alvarado found that having college-bound friends increases the likelihood of enrolling in college, but this effect is weaker for Black and Latino students. Structural and cultural processes may mitigate the influence of friendship on these groups' college enrollment rates.
A study by physicians from IMIM found that administering zinc to COVID-19 patients with low zinc levels can reduce mortality and recovery time, while also preventing severe effects in at-risk groups. The study revealed a direct link between higher zinc levels and reduced risk of death from COVID-19.
A culturally tailored intervention combining safe sex and risky alcohol use strategies reduced drinking and increased safe sex among young Black women. The study, published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, found that a group therapy component was effective in addressing these issues.
A new microcomb technology has been developed by researchers at Chalmers University of Technology, which can generate a wide range of optical frequencies with high precision. This technology has the potential to be used in various applications, including exoplanet discovery and disease diagnosis.
Researchers found that SKN-1B controls behaviors like foraging, eating and resting in nematode worms, which may regulate food-sensing and fullness in humans. The study proposes a similar transcription factor, Nrfs, as a potential target for developing drugs controlling overeating.
Scientists at the University of Freiburg have discovered three key enzymes that play a crucial role in synthesizing natural products. These enzymes restructure a chemical precursor molecule to create the carbon backbone of these compounds, which are used for various pharmacological effects.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine identified proteomic signatures associated with aggressive cancer types, including altered cellular pathways and novel therapeutic targets. The study provided proof-of-concept that proteomics analysis is a valuable strategy to identify potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center discovered that collagen produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts slows tumor progression in pancreatic cancer. Collagen helps block immune signals that lead to suppression of anti-tumor immune response.
A new study estimates that at least 44% of UK seagrasses have been lost since 1936, with losses accelerating in recent decades. The research highlights the urgent need to protect current seagrass meadows and restore degraded or lost ones to mitigate climate change and support marine biodiversity.
Among 789 professional athletes, imaging evidence of inflammatory heart disease was identified in five athletes (0.6%) who underwent cardiac screening and resumed play. No adverse cardiac events occurred in these athletes.
A recent study by University of Texas at Dallas researchers investigates the role of recommender systems in e-commerce platforms. The study finds that while these systems increase sales and introduce consumers to new products, they can also cause sellers to decrease prices and reduce their advertising efforts.
Researchers at University of Tsukuba have developed a novel technique for transplanting HSCs into mouse embryos without destroying the host hematopoietic system. This breakthrough enables the study of fetal hematopoiesis and paves the way for future humanization using human HSCs.
Scientists have isolated a peptide, EnnA, from a fungus in Morocco that directly inhibits HSP90, a powerful cell protector hijacked by cancer. Early evidence shows EnnA induces immune cells to attack cancer cells, promoting immunogenic cell death and potentially offering a new treatment for triple negative breast cancer.
Researchers assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile robotic system in acquiring vital signs, performing nasal or oral swabs, and facilitating contactless triage interviews. The study suggests that robotic systems may be a viable option for improving patient care in emergency departments.
A new study from the University of East Anglia and the UK Energy Research Centre found that people's views and actions on climate change should be included in decision-making processes. The research reveals a holistic approach to public engagement, highlighting various ways citizens are engaging with low-carbon energy futures.
A study by UC Riverside found that adopting unique rituals to make everyday tasks more meaningful can reduce feelings of loneliness. Participants who engaged in ritualistic consumption of consumer products reported feeling less lonely and having a greater sense of meaning in their lives.
Researchers discovered that resilient women describe their sense of living as a dynamic, ongoing process involving control, personal resources, social relationships, and acceptance. The study highlights the importance of societal support and accessible services to help young women with similar experiences.
A large-scale study published in JAMA Cardiology found that inflammatory heart disease is rare among professional athletes with mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. Only five out of 789 athletes developed heart inflammation, indicating a very low incidence of heart risk after mild COVID-19.
Scientists have developed a new technique to manipulate nanoparticles with the same refractive properties as their background environment, overcoming a fundamental technical challenge. This breakthrough has huge potential in fields like medicine, enabling precise manipulation and measurement of microscopic objects inside cells.
The study found that air pollutants decreased more than carbon dioxide during the lockdown, confirming earlier assumptions. The researchers also revealed that domestic and commercial energy consumption contribute less to nitrogen oxide emissions than previously thought, with traffic responsible for over 90% of emissions.
Researchers developed PopDel, a program that reliably identifies large deletions in thousands of genomes simultaneously. The software outperformed existing methods, detecting rare gene variants associated with healthy lipid metabolism.
A new study aims to explore the cause and therapeutic treatment for left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC), also known as a 'spongy heart'. The research, led by University of Houston pharmacologist Mingfu Wu, seeks to determine how heart muscle fails to compact and develop medicines to reduce symptoms.
A study found SARS-CoV-2 present on ocular surfaces in 52 of 91 patients with COVID-19, suggesting potential detection through non-invasive methods. The virus may also be detected when nasopharyngeal swab results are negative.
The model evaluates synergy between properties going up for auction, allowing governments to decide if bundling or separate auctions are more beneficial. Bundling guarantees synergy realization, but reduces flexibility in allocating items to bidders.
NUTRITION 2021 LIVE ONLINE features leading scientists & the latest research on physiology & metabolism, clinical nutrition & food systems. The virtual meeting provides unparalleled access to a global community of nutrition experts.
Researchers found evidence of tectonic activity on exoplanet LHS 3844b, resulting in extreme temperature contrasts and potential volcanic activity. The planet's surface receives intense radiation, causing blistering heat during the day and freezing temperatures at night.
A new NASA-funded project aims to understand the effects of cities as ecological traps for migrating birds. Researchers will use radar data and community science tools to count up to 1.1 million birds in urban areas, measuring their behavior and impact on populations.
Researchers discovered that the WOX9 gene can induce more flowers to form in various plant species by changing its regulation, suggesting potential for improving crop yields. Genome editing allowed them to reveal the gene's additional functions without altering its protein product.
Scientists have identified two specific proteins in plants that act as zinc sensors, allowing them to absorb and transport zinc more efficiently. This discovery could lead to the development of more nutritious crops, particularly for areas where malnutrition is prevalent.
A recent study found that lower self-esteem, less optimism, and higher negative peer behaviors were associated with greater PTSD symptoms in Black girls. Caregiver support was also linked to increased PTSD symptoms, highlighting the importance of addressing historical trauma in households.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute found that cancer-causing mutations can arise decades ago, in some cases as far back as 40 years before diagnosis. The study used genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to reconstruct the lineage history of cancer cells in two patients with a rare blood cancer.
Researchers at Texas A&M University discovered that cytisine reduces dopamine neuron loss in females, providing potential evidence for treating Parkinson's disease. The protective effect of cytisinex occurred only in female animal models, and combining it with estrogen produced a stronger effect.
A new study found that children born to women taking epilepsy medications during pregnancy have no developmental delays at age three. The study involved 275 women with epilepsy and 77 without the disease, and found no differences in developmental scores between the two groups.
Researchers successfully targeted Cryptococcus species using reprogrammed CAR T-cells, effectively controlling the growth of fungi. The treatment showed promising results in vitro and in mice, with reduced titan cells indicating a good prognosis for new treatments. This innovative approach could also be applied to other fungal infections.
Scientists developed a new model to assess the efficiency of group testing for COVID-19, accounting for dilution effects and detection limits. The model optimizes group size to minimize false negatives and determine contaminated individuals in a population.
A recent study by Berkeley Lab scientists confirms the hypothesis that a protein called ORF8 holds the answer to understanding how the new strain of coronavirus evolved. Meanwhile, a new report assesses the economic costs of widespread power outages and finds that utilities rarely account for direct and indirect costs.
Japanese researchers create simulation method for theoretical estimation of catalytic reaction efficiency, enabling forecasting of reactant conversion and product selectivity. The method can be applied to various catalyst systems, contributing to a carbon-free society.
A SUTD study found that big droughts in the Greater Mekong region reduce hydropower production, leading to increased fossil fuel use and higher carbon emissions. The researchers suggest using mathematical models to coordinate water-energy operations and prepare contingency plans for droughts.
Researchers tracked breeding gannets for 11 years, finding that females travel up to 260km to find food, while males average 220km. The study highlights the importance of long-term studies and suggests differences in diet between sexes may be due to subtle taste preferences.
A new report finds that western US butterfly populations are declining rapidly due to fall warming trends, which induce physiological stress and affect development and hibernation preparation. Conservation efforts in urban areas with constant water flow will be crucial in preventing further declines and extinction.
Researchers found that frog lungs reduce sensitivity to environmental noise, making it easier for females to zero in on male calls. The unique sound pathway allows sounds from air-filled lungs to transmit to middle ears through a specific mechanism.
Researchers used induced pluripotent stem cells to identify correlations between genetic variants and altered expression patterns in human cells. The study found thousands of disease-associated genetic variants linked to specific diseases, including coronary heart disease and hereditary cancers.
The new project posits that deep neural networks struggle with real-world problems due to an overemphasis on neurons, which neglect the role of astrocytes. Integrating astrocytes could enhance DNN efficiency and performance.
Animal responses to infectious disease exhibit pathogen-induced behavioral changes, including sickness behaviors and self-isolation. Nonhuman animals alter social interactions in response to infection, offering insights into underlying epidemiological mechanisms.
Daydreaming can be an antidote to boredom, but it's surprisingly demanding. Research suggests that we don't intuitively understand how to think enjoyable thoughts. To master daydreaming, try priming your brain with pleasant topics and timing it when you're minimally occupied.
A new research project aims to understand the psychological impact of COVID-19 restrictions on prisoners and prison staff. The study, funded by £251,240, will examine how lockdown measures affect prisoners' behavior and mental health.
Researchers analyzed 18,463 Finnish samples to track genetic ancestry from 1923 to 1987. The study found significant changes associated with WWII and urbanization, capturing a detailed history of Finland's population in space and time.
Magnetic whirls, known as skyrmions, exhibit particle-like properties when confined to geometric structures. The researchers discovered that the stability of skyrmions varies greatly depending on their arrangement within these structures, with certain patterns resulting in high stability and mobility.
A new general relativistic framework for models of galactic rotation curves alleviates the need for dark matter by incorporating gravitomagnetic fields. The theory proposes that these fields can explain the effects of dark matter, suggesting a possible elimination of this form of matter.
KAUST researchers have developed a method to produce carbon monoxide from carbon dioxide using a porous crystal and silver catalyst. The new approach improved the selectivity of CO production by controlling the binding mode of activated carbon monoxide, resulting in a 94% efficient reaction.
Researchers found that minute amounts of zinc oxide in intimate contact with copper significantly improve the methanol production process. The study reveals how the choice of support material affects the behavior of active catalyst components, leading to changes in reaction selectivity.
A new project seeks to fill a gap in identifying vulnerabilities in ML frameworks by using Software Composition Analysis and Directed Grammar-Based Fuzzing. The tool can automatically report vulnerabilities in open-source libraries that an application depends on, helping developers address them before they can be exploited.
Researchers discovered an effect known as nonlinearity that can modify and detect extremely weak light signals using a quantum dot array. The team created an 'egg carton' of quantum dots in a 2D semiconductor, allowing for the control of energy levels with light.
Scientists have discovered a super-Earth called Gliese 486b orbiting a nearby red dwarf star. The planet's composition is similar to that of Venus or Earth, with metallic nuclei inside it. Its atmosphere may be thin and hot, making it an ideal candidate for studying planetary atmospheres.
Researchers proposed a novel protocol for pooling COVID-19 tests to monitor spread and detect outbreaks in closed communities. The method accounts for false-negative test results using mathematical models that estimate the risk of diluting positive samples.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 mutations can evade the immune response by T-killer cells, reducing their effectiveness in detecting and eliminating viruses. The study suggests that future vaccines should target a broader range of epitopes to provide more comprehensive protection.
The US Intermountain West region experienced four significant earthquake sequences in 2020, with research characterizing the tectonics of the area and gaining insights into fault systems. The focus section papers discuss the Magna, Stanley, Monte Cristo, and Lone Pine earthquakes, providing new knowledge on seismic activity.
A study published in Science found consistent annual declines in butterfly populations over the past 40 years in the western United States. The estimated 1.6% per year decline is attributed to increasing fall temperatures and warming landscapes.
The study found a significant increase in loneliness and a decrease in feelings of friendship during the pandemic. Women reported higher levels of loneliness compared to men, while those with poorer health experienced decreased emotional support.
Researchers found that astrocytes from patients with bipolar disorder secrete more IL-6, which worsens symptoms and negatively impacts neuronal activity. The study highlights the potential role of astrocyte-mediated inflammatory signaling in psychiatric diseases.
A newly discovered rocky planet, Gliese 486b, has been found to have a 'piping-hot' surface temperature of 430 degrees Celsius, making it inhospitable to human life. However, studying its atmosphere could provide valuable insights into the possibility of habitable planets and signs of life beyond Earth.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers suggests that a carbon tax is the most effective and cost-efficient way to reduce emissions causing climate change. The study found that adding a price to carbon production resulted in lower emissions at half the cost of renewable energy subsidies.
A new study found that cancer survivors who walked at a slow pace had a significantly increased risk of death from any cause, with the association holding for nine cancer types. The researchers call for more research into targeted interventions to improve walking ability and increase survival among cancer patients.
A study by University of Limerick researchers identified strategies used by top Fantasy Premier League competitors, revealing a pathway to success involving long-term planning and optimal player selection. Key players like Aaron Wan-Bissaka emerged as crucial enablers for skilled managers.
Researchers at Yale University have developed a model where human red blood cells are rescued in circulation using combined liver and growth factor humanization. This breakthrough has the potential to treat diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome, sickle cell disease, and malaria.
Researchers found a rib fragment of the Mount Holly mammoth, dating back 12,800 years, which overlaps with the arrival of early humans in the region. The discovery raises the possibility that humans may have seen or interacted with these animals.
Researchers detected Gliese 486 b using both transit and radial velocity data, revealing its mass, radius, and density. The planet's equilibrium temperature of about 700 Kelvin makes it an ideal candidate to study its atmosphere and habitability.
A study analyzing verbal autopsies from 230 families found that almost 83% of infants experienced delays in care, including family decisions and transportation issues. Simple low-tech interventions can potentially save many infant lives by addressing these complex issues.
A National Academies report calls for a US fusion pilot plant to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon emission electrical system. The pilot plant should be operational by 2035-2040, with innovations in fusion confinement concepts and technology development needed.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have discovered a new species of millipede, Nannaria hokie, living on campus and in nearby woods. The discovery highlights the importance of preserving native habitats and showcases the diversity of these often-overlooked creatures.
Scientists used high-resolution data from ICESat-2 to map the depth and surface morphology of fractures in Antarctica's Amery Ice Shelf. The study identified three types of fractures up to 164 feet deep, providing insights into ice shelf stability and potential calving events.
COSMIC, a multipurpose X-ray instrument at Berkeley Lab's Advanced Light Source, has made groundbreaking contributions in fields ranging from batteries to biominerals. It offers world-leading soft X-ray microscopy resolution below 10 nanometers and extreme chemical sensitivity.
Lehigh University's Fathima Wakeel will discuss how to address population health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic using maternal and child health epidemiological approaches. Her presentation aims to harness data to improve health outcomes among vulnerable populations.
A Texas A&M University study analyzed over 10,000 students in four introductory physics courses, concluding that male students do not consistently outperform female students. The research found statistically significant differences in exam performance within one course, but no persistent differences across exams or final grades.
A recent study found that many Alexa skills have misleading privacy policies, allowing third-party developers to access users' personal information. The researchers also demonstrated that developers can change the code on the back end of skills after approval, posing a significant risk to user privacy.
Studies on non-human species reveal that forager ants, vampire bats, mandrills, and others exhibit social distancing behaviors when infected. These observations provide valuable lessons on how to reduce disease transmission and offer a unique perspective on human behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Vitreoretinal surgical procedures in the US experienced a significant decline during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a notable decrease in laser and cryotherapy use. The study, which analyzed over 526,000 procedures across 17 institutions, found that this reduction lasted for at least 2 months after mid-March last year.
A new study analyzes biological drivers of multiple paternity in sharks and rays, finding no conclusive evidence that male behavior drives the phenomenon. The researchers suggest that female advantages, such as thicker skin and larger size, may play a role in shaping multiple paternity.
Researchers at Earlham Institute created a new automated workflow using liquid handling robots to identify the genetic basis of preventing plant pathogens. The new technology screened 2,880 mutants in just 11 hours, identifying a gene cluster linked to growth inhibition of the common potato pathogen.
The University of Texas at Arlington is creating six open textbooks for a new postbaccalaureate certificate in transportation planning and policy. The project aims to eliminate textbook costs for students enrolled in certain courses and expand open educational resources for transportation planning programs.
Coronavirus skeptics have been using state-of-the-art data visualizations to advocate for opposing approaches to the pandemic, often creating counter-visualizations that are indistinguishable from those shared by mainstream sources. Researchers found that these visualizations were not just sloppy or lacking in data literacy, but rather...
Clinical trial registrations for COVID-19 interventions with high publicized attention were compared to those without comparable promotion. The study found that highly publicized treatments had significantly lower registration rates and higher completion rates, leading to concerns about bias in research.
A digital app called Manage My Pain has been shown to reduce key symptoms of chronic pain, including anxiety and pain catastrophizing. The study found that patients who used the app saw clinically significant reductions in these areas, leading to better management of their pain.
Research found that new COVID-19 variants can neutralize antibodies produced in response to vaccination or natural infection. The findings suggest that COVID-19 drugs and vaccines may become less effective against these variants, posing a concern for people who need protection the most.
A new model can predict the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria by analyzing growth rates and resistance levels at different drug concentrations. This knowledge can help identify optimal treatment protocols, drug targets, and new antibiotic candidates to combat resistant bacteria that threaten global health.
A new study reveals that unstable working life patterns in young people are associated with poorer future mental health. The study found that those with a stable working life had fewer days absent due to mental disorders over three years.
A new study published in Frontiers in Education found that Transcendental Meditation significantly improves emotional exhaustion, resilience, perceived stress, fatigue, and depression in teachers. This meditation-based teacher development program demonstrates the benefits of meditation for strengthening mental and physical health.
A study published in Nature Communications found that a species' thermal tolerance is linked to its current climate and that cold tolerance has evolved faster than heat tolerance. This suggests that many species will not be able to adapt quickly enough to survive the unprecedented rate of contemporary climate change.
A study of college students found that decreased physical activity during the pandemic was strongly associated with increased rates of depression. Those who maintained their daily exercise habits were at the lowest risk for depression.
Researchers developed an mRNA treatment that targets RNA molecules to destroy virus replication in lung cells. The therapy could be effective against 99% of flu strains and new coronavirus variants due to its flexible targeting sequence.
The article summarizes current evidence on COVID-19 vaccines, immunity, and the potential for SARS-CoV-2 to become an endemic or seasonal virus. Experts weigh in on these critical issues, providing insights into the long-term impact of the pandemic.
Researchers have identified CNNM4 protein as key regulator of magnesium in the liver and potential therapeutic target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. High expression of CNNM4 protein is associated with inflammation and liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have developed a new oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy with superior performance for use in fission and fusion reactors. The alloy is able to withstand temperatures up to 400 displacements per atom, making it one of the strongest ODS alloys developed in the field.
A recent study using citizen science data found that climate warming is driving population declines in butterflies throughout the American West over the past 40 years. The research, published in Science, highlights the need for new approaches to butterfly conservation and suggests that climate change is a key factor in pollinator decline.
The journal's publication outlines targets for HPV vaccination, screening and treatment to achieve 90%, 70% and 90% coverage respectively. The World Health Organization strategy aims to eliminate cervical cancer globally by 2030.
A study found that patients are open to interacting with robots for symptom evaluation, reducing in-person contact. Robots equipped with sensors and video communication can measure vital signs and perform minor procedures like nasal swabs.
A new study uses a high-resolution ocean model to track the migration of baby sea turtles in their 'lost years'. The model shows that hatchlings are swept towards regions with favorable food availability, increasing their chances of survival. This research provides insights into the critical stages of sea turtle conservation efforts.
Researchers have discovered that catnip's active ingredient, Nepetalactone, activates the mosquito irritant receptor TRPA1, making it an effective repellent. This finding has significant implications for developing new, plant-based insect repellents.
Researchers developed a framework to detect and recover from pole-dynamics attacks (PDAs) in cyber-physical systems (CPSs). The approach uses software-defined networking (SDN) and a novel attack-detection algorithm, enabling real-time performance recovery and stable CPS operation.
A combination of three gene drive technologies could effectively suppress a targeted grey squirrel population while limiting the risk to native species. The combined technology introduces genes that induce infertility in females, allowing for population control.
Research by American Psychological Association found that higher income predicts more positive self-regard emotions such as confidence, pride and determination, while lower income is associated with negative emotions like sadness and fear. The study analyzed data from over 1.6 million people across 162 countries.
Sea butterflies are already experiencing difficulties building their shells due to ocean acidification, which will worsen in the future. They shift from growing thicker and larger shells to investing more in becoming larger, posing a major problem for local sea life that depend on them for food.
Researchers develop hierarchical structure for lightweight materials by self-organization, creating a new type of exceptionally strong yet light material. The material's open network structure results in an impressive density reduction and mechanical properties superior to state-of-the-art materials.
Researchers developed a first wearable sensor to continuously measure bilirubin, pulse rate, and blood oxygen saturation in real-time. The device aims to improve quality of phototherapy and patient outcomes in neonatal care.
Researchers discover mutant p53 protein clusters drive disease-causing aggregates, a key finding in understanding cancer mechanisms. The study suggests novel cancer treatments targeting mutant p53 may be effective.
A team of researchers at the University of Illinois replicated hypersonic flow conditions in a NASA Langley Mach 6 wind tunnel using a numerical simulation. The study aimed to better understand the complexities of hypersonic flows, including pressure, temperature, and fluid velocity.
Research reveals that prolonged periods of terrestrial invertebrates in rivers lead to monopolization by larger fish, altering food webs and ecosystem functions. In contrast, pulsed periods enable smaller fish to access benthic invertebrates, resulting in reduced leaf breakdown rates.
Researchers have found that Camostat and its metabolite GBPA inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in primary human lung tissue. The study supports further development of Camostat as a potential treatment for COVID-19.
A team at Massachusetts General Hospital developed an artificial intelligence-based method to screen currently available medications as possible treatments for Alzheimer's disease. The analysis yielded a ranked list of candidates, including anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and blood cancers.
A team of researchers at POSTECH has successfully developed a high-energy-density cathode material that can stably maintain charge and discharge for over 500 cycles without the expensive and toxic Co metal. This breakthrough enables long-distance electric vehicle travel.
Researchers from the University of Helsinki have successfully determined annual changes in genetic ancestry within Finland, tracing migration patterns and effects of 20th-century events. The study uses reference datasets compiled from samples collected in the FINRISK study and provides an interactive map for browsing results.
Researchers have discovered a link between immune cells in the blood and the development of Parkinson's disease. The study found that changes in these immune cells can lead to inflammation and neuronal activity loss in the brain, even before symptoms appear.
The DOE/Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory has predicted a far larger and less damaging heat-load width for the full-power operation of ITER, contradicting previous estimates. The new formula produces a forecast that is over six-times wider than those developed by simple extrapolation.
Researchers have identified the metallic state of Ag nanoclusters during oxidative dispersion, revealing a transitional state at high temperatures. The study used in situ imaging methods to demonstrate the dynamic dispersion and redispersion of supported metal catalysts.
A new study by Oxford Brookes University warns that the legal wildlife trade poses a significant risk of spreading zoonotic diseases, with many diseases originating in animals. The researchers emphasize that monitoring the legal trade is crucial to prevent future pandemics.
The study used thin films of PETN, grown on different surfaces, to determine how surface cleanliness affects film properties. The research team also developed a specialized setup to visualize shock waves using schlieren imaging, which revealed that gaps around the size of a human hair could stop detonations from continuing.
A special issue of Preventive Medicine outlines courses of action to eliminate cervical cancer through HPV vaccination, screening, and treatment. The WHO strategy aims for 90% HPV vaccination coverage, 70% screening coverage, and 90% access to treatment by 2030.
Researchers analyzed ancient human DNA to understand the impact of tuberculosis on European populations. The study found that a specific variant of the TYK2 gene was associated with an increased risk of becoming ill after infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Researchers used an experimental safety switch to curb treatment side effects in a patient with refractory acute B-cell leukemia, achieving a significant reduction in toxicities. The study demonstrates potential for expanded use of CAR-T immunotherapy paired with the safety switch.
A large-scale citizen science project in NC captured over 2.2 million wildlife photos, increasing verified mammal records by a factor of five. The project trained 580 volunteers to take candid animal photos and gathered data on wildlife abundance, reproduction, and behavior.
Scientists have discovered a natural inhibitor of topoisomerases II that can combat fluoroquinolone-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Nybomycin, a 'reverse antibiotic,' blocks the gyrase enzyme, rendering it effective against strains previously resistant to other antibiotics.
A recent field study conducted by Iowa State University researchers found that wind turbine icing can have a significant impact on power production, with losses reaching up to 80%. The study, which analyzed data from a Chinese wind farm, showed that icing conditions can disrupt blade aerodynamics and lead to reduced energy output.
Researchers at Penn State developed micro-Doppler radars that can accurately classify human gait patterns with greater than 90% accuracy. This technology has the potential to prevent falls and disabilities, detect Parkinson's and dementia, diagnose concussions, and identify musculoskeletal injury risk factors.
Scientists have identified a new cell type, MRC1+ macrophages, involved in chronic pain and inflammation. Stimulating the expression of an anti-inflammatory protein CD163 can reduce neuroinflammation and relieve neuropathic pain.
A research review found that COVID-19 survivors experience a range of neuropsychiatric problems, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. In the short term, patients reported impaired attention and memory issues, while in the long term, affective disorders and fatigue became prevalent.
Researchers at Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science have developed a new technique to control optical nonlinearity in 2D materials. The twistoptics approach enables giant nonlinear optical responses in small volumes, leading to compact laser systems and potential applications in quantum computing, spectroscopy,...
A new study from the University of Washington reveals that people's brains have parallel learning systems for avoiding bad options and finding good ones. The research suggests that being able to 'turn down the volume' on irrelevant signals is critical to complex problem-solving.
A study published in FACETS highlights how misinformation and polarization are eroding conservation efforts worldwide. Researchers found examples of good intentions leading to harm, such as the case of Huemul deer in Patagonia National Park, Chile, where removing domestic livestock led to a decline in deer population.
Measures of kidney function, such as the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate, may improve estimates of future cardiovascular disease risk. The addition of these non-traditional risk factors could refine stratification and predict cardiovascular disease more accurately.
Researchers have determined the three-dimensional structure of glycine transporter GlyT1, providing insight into its regulation and potential inhibition. This discovery could lead to effective drugs that inhibit GlyT1 function, with major implications for treating schizophrenia and other mental disorders.
A team of climate scientists has found that the apparent 'Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation' is likely an artifact of climate forcing, specifically from greenhouse gases. Volcanic eruptions in past centuries caused initial cooling and a slow recovery, resulting in a roughly 60-year oscillation.
During the COVID-19 lockdown, pandemic-related anxiety and irregular routines were major drivers of increased nicotine and tobacco use. The study highlights the need for better support for quit attempts and harm reduction policies to address this uptick in tobacco use.
A team of bioethicists and scientists proposes a cautious, stepwise approach to studying human embryos beyond the 14-day limit, potentially unlocking insights into early development disorders and therapies for infertility. The proposed research aims to serve important goals that cannot be adequately met by other means.
A new study examined COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among a large national sample of sexual and gender minority men and transgender women, finding that medical mistrust, social concern, and race were significantly associated with decreased vaccine acceptance. Healthcare provider recommendations and altruistic attitudes were found to be po...
Research finds female-owned farms in the US are more common in areas closer to urban markets and engage in agritourism, offering greater childcare access. Average farm size, annual sales, and types of farm activities also correlate with female participation.
The team has determined the mass of a rocky planet around the nearby star Gliese 486 using MAROON-X's spectrometer. The exoplanet, called Gliese 486 b, is roughly three times the mass of Earth and has a similar density.
Researchers at Max Born Institute observe terahertz radiation from electrons localized in liquid water, displaying a frequency between 0.2 and 1.5 THz. The emission persists for up to 40 ps, with surprisingly weak damping, allowing for potential manipulation.
A new AI tool developed at the University of Gothenburg uses deep learning to analyse microscope images, extracting more details and information than traditional methods. The tool, called Deep Track 2.0, simplifies data generation and allows for real-time analysis and customised information retrieval.
Researchers at UC Riverside identified proteins that bind to small RNAs, loading them into extracellular vesicles and enhancing the delivery of gene-silencing RNAs. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient disease control and aid human therapies.
A recent study published in Emotion found that people tend to produce happy and angry expressions more rapidly, while sad expressions are produced more slowly. The ability to form judgements about people's facial expressions has close links with the speeds at which those expressions are produced.
Local governments' ties with powerful congressional members result in a decrease in stewardship over public resources, contradicting prior studies. This finding highlights the negative effects of political connections on governance and public resource management.
Researchers identified mutant peptides from SARS-CoV-2 that interfere with killer T cell responses, potentially impacting vaccine efficacy. These mutations stunted T cell proliferation, inflammatory factor production, and overall cell-killing activity.
A new sensor can detect RNA and DNA in less than a second, providing a quick way to distinguish between 'healthy' and 'sick' samples. The sensor could be used to measure DNA metabolism and predict rapid infections, potentially improving disease diagnosis and treatment.